The present thesis deals with, and elaborates on, the concept of sense inheritance (particularly with respect to suffixation in Czech). Drawing on more general remarks on lexical meaning, polysemy, and the semantic relatedness of a derived word and its base, the theoretical part of the thesis delineates the notion of sense inheritance, originating within the framework of construction grammar. It is shown that the idea of sense inheritance has at least implicitly been present in Czech lexicology (cf. the derivational criterion for identifying senses of polysemous words) and lexicography. It is argued that the traditional Czech theory of word formation relies on the assumption of the semantic transparency or even compositionality of motivated words, which can hardly be squared with empirical evidence concerning sense inheritance, nevertheless. In the empirical part of the thesis semantic relations are analyzed that hold between derivatives within 43 word families of polysemous bases (denoting body parts), and subsequently the sense-inheritance properties of the 80 most frequent (hence established and lexicalized) derivatives with the agentive suffix -tel and polysemous base verbs are contrasted with those found in 100 hapax legomena derived from polysemous bases with the same affix. This enables not...

Terminological equivalence is one of the central issues in translation. To secure equivalence in translations for special purpose languages, the translator has to structure the terms of a given text by reference to a conceptual system and thus identify - independently for both the source and target languages - the conceptual system in which a specific term is embedded. Bilingual and multilingual dictionaries are indispensable tools for any translator. However, due to the importance of the conceptual systems in specialised-language translation, a specialised dictionary has to fulfill higher requirements than general dictionaries. As a matter of fact, a dictionary suitable for specialised-language translation should follow an onomasiological rather than a semasiological approach to lexicography. In this paper, the author studies the basic requirements for a bilingual dictionary that is intended to be of practical use for specialised-language translation, taking a user's perspective when discussing the problem of equivalence between terms in two languages. This is based on selected concepts taken from the field of accounting (IAS/IFRS and national accounting rules) that are translated from German to Spanish and vice versa. While the dictionaries examined are generally well prepared, the study shows that none of them includes information necessary to a translator for ensuring a correct translation. / Series: WU Online Papers in International Business Communication

The present master's thesis deals with the theme anger in English and Czech phrasemes. The theoretical part describes the basic relevant concepts and terminology of phraseology: the definition of phraseology and phraseological units, the theoretical structural (formal and functional) classification of phrasemes on the lexical, collocational and propositional level, the lexicographical presentation of phrasemes/ idioms in dictionaries (semasiological and onomasiological) and the semantic classification of phrasemes (including metaphors, metonymy, synecdoche and personification). The research and analysis consist of the description of data collection, which are excerpted from two English and one Czech phraseological dictionaries (Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms, Oxford Dictionary of Idioms and Slovník české frazeologie a idiomatiky I-IV), structural and semantic classification of the phrasemes of both languages from the point of view of their quantitative representation and the final comparison of the samples of the two languages that demonstrates which aspects of the given theme are phraseologically expressed in English and in Czech, how frequently and in what way.

This thesis deals with the language of players of video games, especially computer games. The language sample was taken from written as well as spoken sources - magazines, web reviews and Let's Plays - and is limited to action, strategic and RPG games with some overlap with action-adventures. Researched words are mainly keywords of video game players' vocabulary. The goal of this thesis was to describe the language of video game players from several language viewpoints and briefly describe the slang of the players. The first part deals with introducing the researched material, video games as a whole and their history and also the subculture of video game players. The second part analyses the sample in terms of lexical semantics and word formation, describes the extent of adaptation of loanwords, also stabilization of words, neology and the words' affiliation to slang, terminology and common vocabulary. Then the thesis attempts to briefly describe the slang of video game players. Generally, the slang includes a large number of anglicisms and expressions from informatics (in a large part technical terms), while loanwords are adapted to a varying degree. Many expressions in the slang of video game players can also be considered professionalisms given the existence of professional players and...

This thesis deals with the language of players of video games, especially computer games. The language sample was taken from written as well as spoken sources - magazines, web reviews and Let's Plays - and is limited to action, strategic and RPG games with some overlap with action-adventures. Researched words are mainly keywords of video game players' vocabulary. The goal of this thesis was to describe the language of video game players from several language viewpoints and briefly describe the slang of the players. The first part deals with introducing the researched material, video games as a whole and their history and also the subculture of video game players. The second part analyses the sample in terms of lexical semantics and word formation, describes the extent of adaptation of loanwords, also stabilization of words, neology and the words' affiliation to slang, terminology and common vocabulary. Then the thesis attempts to briefly describe the slang of video game players. Generally, the slang includes a large number of anglicisms and expressions from informatics (in a large part technical terms), while loanwords are adapted to a varying degree. Many expressions in the slang of video game players can also be considered professionalisms given the existence of professional players and...

There are only few dialect regions within Czech language territory, where a systematic dialect research can be made, since the traditional territorial dialect irreversibly disappears. In the northern part of the East-Moravian dialect region we would find Valachian region, where the dialect is still maintained alive, and where the lexicon collected in Dialect dictionary of southwest part of the Vsetin region (hereinafter as DDSV) originates. During the field survey I managed to collect a rich lexical material, on the basis of which the DDSV consisting of 2.027 basic and 427 referential lexical units was created. DDSV is a type of local, alphabetic and differential dictionary. The aim of this work is mainly to catch and elaborate the lexicon collected in DDSV, based on contemporary lexicographical methods. A differential approach was used at the selection of phraseology, it means, that achieved lexical material was thoroughly confronted with Czech explanatory dictionaries. The dialect research for DDSV was made among the members of the oldest generation (above 60 years). Among the youngest generation (under 30 years), a research for inter-generation comparison of the lexicon of substantive semantic register area of meals, drinks and smoking was led, focused at sub-groups poléfka, máčka, kaša, placka...

Jag har i min masteruppsats, utifrån ett begreppshistoriskt perspektiv med transnationell tillämpning, analyserat begreppsöverföringen och etableringen från begreppet Holocaust till det svenska ordet förintelsen med dess nya betydelse Förintelsen. Jag har även analyserat när, hur och vilka som befäste begreppet Förintelsen i svenskt språkbruk. Ordet och begreppet Holocaust Min analys visar att begreppet Holocaust överförs till Sverige och etableras i Sverige genom det svenska ordet och begreppet Förintelsen. Ordet och begreppet Förintelsen Mitt arbete presenterar ett resultat som kullkastar tidigare uppfattningar om etableringen av ordet och begreppet Förintelsen i svenskt språkbruk. Etableringen av ordet och begreppet Förintelsen genomfördes på följande sätt. Bonniers Förlag lanserade år 1978 en översättning av romanen Holocaust, i Sverige marknadsförd med titeln Förintelsen. År 1979 premiärvisade SVT den amerikanska tv-serien Holocaust, i Sverige marknadsförd med titeln Förintelsen. Tidningarna fylldes från år 1979 av artiklar om det nazistiska folkmordet på judar under andra världskriget med rubriken Förintelsen samtidigt som Skandinaviska Institutet för judisk utbildning och kultur producerade läromedel för Sveriges samtliga skolor och bibliotek under begreppet Förintelsen. År 1982 repriserades tv-serien Förintelsen, omgärdad av faktaprogram, allt under det samlande namnet Förintelsen. Ordet och begreppet Förintelsen hade slutligen, efter fyra års intensiv användning, slagit igenom i svenskt språkbruk. Mitt arbete visar att det fanns en samstämmighet, en gemensam vilja hos Bonniers Förlag, SVT, massmedia och judiska organisationer att benämna det nazistiska folkmordet på judar under andra världskriget under den gemensamma benämningen Förintelsen. Alla samverkade för att befästa ordet och begreppet Förintelsen. Jag har i mitt arbete visat att det inte enbart var titeln på en tv-serie som befäste begreppet Förintelsen i svenskt språkbruk. Det krävdes en omfattande samverkan för att etablera ordet och begreppet Förintelsen i Sverige såsom ett samlande begrepp för det nazistiska folkmordet på judar under andra världskriget. / In my master's thesis, from a conceptual historical perspective with transnational application, I have analyzed the concept transfer and the establishment from the concept of Holocaust to the Swedish word förintelsen with its new meaning Förintelsen. I have also analyzed when, how and who consolidated the concept of Förintelsen in Swedish language use. The word and the concept of the Holocaust My analysis shows that the concept of the Holocaust is transferred to Sweden and established in Sweden through the Swedish word and the concept of Förintelsen. The word and the concept of Förintelsen My work presents a result that overturns previous perceptions about the establishment of the word and the concept of Förintelsen in Swedish language. The establishment of the word and the concept of the Holocaust was carried out in the following way. Bonniers Förlag launched in 1978 a translation of the novel Holocaust, in Sweden marketed with the title Förintelsen.In 1979, SVT premiered the American television series Holocaust, in Sweden marketed with the title Förintelsen. From 1979, the newspapers were filled with articles about the Nazi genocide of Jews during World War II, entitled Förintelsen, while the Scandinavian Institute for Jewish Education and Culture produced teaching materials for all of Sweden's schools and libraries under the term Förintelsen. In 1982, the television series Förintelsen was repeated, surrounded by factual programs, all under the collective name Förintelsen. The word and the concept of Förintelsen had finally, after four years of intensive use, made its way into Swedish language. My work shows that there was a consensus, a common will at Bonniers Förlag, SVT, the media and Jewish organizations to name the Nazi genocide of Jews during World War II under the common name Förintelsen. Everyone worked together to consolidate the word and the concept of Förintelsen. In my work, I have shown that it was not only the title of a TV series that consolidated the concept of Förintelsen in Swedish language. Extensive collaboration was required to establish the word and concept of Förintelsen in Sweden as a unifying concept for the Nazi genocide of Jews during World War II.