Thesis--Amsterdam. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [332]-352).

Die doel van hierdie proefskrif was om bestaande prohleme in verband met maatskappyregtelike skikkings te ondersoek, in die lig daarvan dat die prosedure berug is as n wyse om misdadige bedrywighede rondom die ineenstorting van n maatskappy te verberg. Die ondersoek is hoofsaaklik beperk tot skikkings, hoewel skikkings en reelings deur dieselfde bepalings van die Wet gereguleer word. Die geskiedkundige ontwikkeling van artikels 311 en 312 is vanaf hul ontstaan in die Engelse wetgewing nagegaan. Die begrippe "skikking" en "reeling" is ontleed en die praktiese gebruike daarvan nagegaan. l Ons howe beskou n goedgekeurde maatskappyregtelike skikking as n kontrak; dit voldoen egter nie aan die vereistes vir n kontrakregtelike skikking nie. Die tersaaklike kontraktuele aspekte is derhalwe nagegaan. Aan die hand van regspraak en n aantal goedgekeurde skikkings, is die inhoud van n skikkingsaanbod ontleed. Die toepaslike prosedure en formaliteite is sorgvuldig nagegaan, in die lig daarvan dat die Wet eerder hierop klem 1~ as op die inhoud van die skikking. Besondere aandag is aan die grondslag vir indeling van skuldeisers en lede in verskillende klasse gegee. Statutere regulering van die skikkingprosedure eindig nadat die skikking van krag geword het. Die verdere verloop vind in ooreenstemming met die bepalings van die skikking plaas. Uitvoering hiervan word deur n sogenaamde ontvanger namens skuldeisers waargeneem, n amp wat nog nie statutere erkenning geniet nie, maar wat in die praktyk duidelik uitgekristalliseer het. Aan die hand van regspraak is sy amp verder nagegaan en is daar aanbeveel dat, net soos in Australie, sy amp statuter erken en gereel behoort te word. Daar is gelet op misbruik van die skikking- en reelingskemaprosedure, sowel as op die behoefte aan beter beskerming van skuldeisers en lede. Daar is aanbeveel dat waar n maatskappy in likwidasie of onder ,geregtelike bestuur is, skikkings uit die artikel 311-prosedure gelig behoort te word en in ooreenstemming met die akkoordprosedure by insolvensie gebring te word, met die verskil dat likwidasie of geregtelike bestuur onmiddellik by bekragtiging van n skikking opgehef kan word. Yoldoende tyd vir behoorlike ondersoek van n maatskappy se sake behoort toegelaat te word alvorens n skikking oorweeg kan word en meer omvattende inligting behoort aan skuldeisers en lede verskaf te word. Die howe behoort in die uitoefening van hul diskresie deur n deskundige bygestaan te word wat oor die ekonomiese aspekte van n skema verslag doen. / Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 1983. / gm2014 / Mercantile Law / Unrestricted

Please read the abstract in the section 02back of this document / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / Unrestricted

Afrikaans: Huwelike in die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing word tans met radikale veranderings gekonfronteer. Beraders en terapeute word gekonfronteer met middeljarige huweliksmaats wat met verskeie probleme presenteer wat hulle huweliksverhouding beïnvloed. Dikwels het die egpaar kinders in die fase van adolessensie wat soms ook ‘n bron van konflik is, Die huweliksverhouding van die ouers moet egter op een of ander manier, hetsy positief of negatief, beïnvloed word deur die fase van adolessensie van die kinders, maar inligting in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks oor hierdie invloed kon nie opgespoor word nie. <-p> Die navorsingsprobleem is geformuleer op grond van die gesin wat deur twee veranderinge, naamlik die fase van adolessensie en die fase van die vroeë middeljare terselfdertyd beweeg. Hierdie tydperk in die gesin word ook aan 'n hoë egskeidingsyfer in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks herken. Dit is baie moeilik om die aanvang en beëindiging van die fase van adolessensie kronologies volgens In ouderdom te onderskei. Hierdie lewensfase het sy eie unieke individuele aanvang- en beeïndigingstyd vir elke adolessent. Die adolessente fase word in twee periodes verdeel. Dit blyk dat laat adolessensie (vanaf 15/16 jaar tot volwassenheid) 'n meer komplekse periode is as vroeë adolessensie (11 jaar tot 15/16 jaar) vanweë die meer gevorderde ontwikkelinge in die laat periode. Daar is 'n beduidende ooreenkoms dat die fase van adolessensie soortgelyk is as die fase van die vroeë middeljare aangesien beide deur seksuele- en identiteitskrisisse gaan, rolverdeling, emosionele aanpassing, herassessering van waardes- en finansiele probleme ervaar. Nes die fase van adolessensie kan daar teoreties na verskeie ouderdomme verwys word as poging om die middeljare af te baken. Hierdie Iewensfase kan egter ook nie in 'n presiese kronologiese ouderdom afgebaken word nie. Die literatuur dui aan dat die huweliksbevrediging van die egmaats in die fase van die vroeë middeljare wel meer negatief beïnvloed kan word deur die fase van adolessensie. Die doeI van hierdie ondersoek is om verkennende navorsing uit te voer na die invloed wat die fase van adolessensie op die huweliksbevrediging van die ouers in hulle vroee middeljare het. Die kwantitatiewe navorsingsproses is gevolg in die navorsing, alhoewel navorsingsmetodes uit beide die kwantitatiewe- en kwalitatiewe benaderings gebruik is. 'n Navorsingsvraag is soos volg geformuleer: Wat is die invloed wat die fase van adolessensie op die huweliksverhouding van die middeljarige ouers het? Die vraag was deur middel van die verkennende navorsingsontwerp en met behulp van gestandaardiseerde skale (kwantitatiewe data-insamelingsmetode) en aangesig-tot-aangesig onderhoude (kwalitatiewe data¬ihsamelingsmetode) ondersoek. Die kwantitatiewe data se resultate bestaan uit die verwerking van die respondente se biografiese gegewens, asook die gestandaardiseerde skale vir huwelikstevredenheid, -gesinsverhouding en ¬ouergesindheid. Die kwaltitatiewe data se resultate bestaan uit die verwerking van die aangesig-tot-aangesig onderhoude. Aile kwalitatiewe asook kwantitatiewe data het 'n ooreenkomstige antwoord op die navorsingsvraag verskaf. Hierdie data het aangedui dat die adolessent wel die ouers se huweliksverhouding beduidend meer negatief as positief beïnvloed. Verdere navorsing deur middel van in-diepte gevallestudies, asook navorsing met gesinne waar die adolessent in of die vroee of in die laat adolessensie is, word aanbeveel. English: Marriages within the South-African context are currently being confronted with radical changes. Counselors and therapists' are regularly being confronted with middle age marital partners who present with problems that have an effect on the marital relationship. In most cases, the marital couple has children in the phase of adolescence who are at times a source of conflict. The marital relationship of the parents is affected either positively or negatively through the children who are in a phase of adolescence, although information in the South-African context could not be found. The research problem is being formulated on the basis that these families are experiencing two changes at the same time, namely; the phase of adolescence and the phase of the early middle years. During this period, the family is also exposed to a high divorce rate in the South-African context. It is very difficult to separate the beginning and the end of the phase of adolescence on a chronological age. This life phase has it own unique individual beginning and end for each adolescent. The phase of adolescence can be divided into two periods. It seems that late adolescence (from 15/16 years to adulthood) is a more complex period compared to the early adolescence (11 years to 15/16 year), due to the more advanced development in the late period. There is a recognizable similarity between the phase of adolescence and the phase of early middle years because both phases are exposed to sexual- and identity crises, role changes, emotional adaptation, re¬assessment and problems regarding values and finances. Just like the phase of adolescence it is difficult to divide the middle years into specific age groups. It is therefore very difficult to add a precise chronological division to it. The literature shows that the marital satisfaction of marital couples who are in their early middle years is influence in a more negative way by the phase of adolescence. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the phase of adolescence on the marital satisfaction of the parents. The quantitative research process was followed during the research, however research methods from both the quantitative¬and the qualitative approaches were used. The research question was formulated as follow: What is the influence of the phase of adolescence on the marital satisfaction of the middle age parents. The question was researched by explorative research designs, by methods of standardized scales (quantitative data) and face-to-face interviews (qualitative data). The results of the quantitative data consist of analyzing the respondent's biographical information as well as the standardized scales for marital satisfaction, family relations and parental attitudes. The results of the qualitative data consist of the interpretation of the face-to-face interviews. All the quantitative- and qualitative results had a similar outcome in terms of the research question. This data proven that the adolescents influence their middle age parents marital satisfaction, more negatively than positively. Future research with in-depth case studies as well as research with families where the adolescents are either in the early or late stages of adolescence is proposed. / Dissertation (MA (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

AFRIKAANS: Die aangewese manier om met instrumentale onderrig te begin, is gewoonlik om van 'n praktiese handboek gebruik te maak. Juis omdat die fluit 'n gewilde instrument blyk te wees onder hoërskoolleerlinge wat 'n tweede instrument op skoolvlak wil begin aanleer, het die skrywer 'n gebrek ervaar aan 'n werklik toepaslike praktiese handboek wat op beginners van hierdie ouderdom gemik is. So 'n handboek moet 'n nuwe speler in staat kan stel om binne 'n tydperk van gemiddeld drie tot vyf jaar die minimum voorgeskrewe standaard van UNISA of Associated Board of Royal Schools of Music graad V tot VI te bereik. Deur middel van hierdie studie word daar gepoog om hierdie leemte aan te vul, en is die voorgestelde handboek vir 'n jaar deurlopend op beginner f1uitspelers getoets en aangepas. Die teikengroep is die groep leerlinge wat vanaf graad 8 tot 11 met fluit as tweede instrument begin. Hierdie leerlinge bespeel gewoonlik 'n eerste instrument op 'n standaard van ten minste UNISA graad III en beskik gewoonlik oor 'n redelike vlak van musiekteoretiese kennis. Die verhandeling is op drie vlakke aangepak, naamlik 'n agtergrondstudie tot hoërskoolfluitonderrig, 'n kritiese evaluering van vier bestaande fluithandboeke en dan die skryf van 'n raamwerk vir 'n voorgestelde fluithandboek. Die agtergrondstudie wat as handleiding vir die fluitonderwyser bedoel is, is omvattend aangepak. Aspekte hierin vervat sluit onder meer oefenroetines, die versorging van 'n fluit, opsies wat beskikbaar is wanneer 'n fluit aangekoop moet word, fisiese vereistes, toonontwikkeling, vibrato en dergelike verwante aspekte in. Hierdie aspekte is almal in een studie aangepak omdat hierdie relevante inligting selde in een handleiding vir die fluitonderwyser beskikbaar is. As voorstudie tot die skryf van 'n praktiese handboek is vier bestaande handboeke krities beskou met die oogmerk om gunstige kenmerke uit hierdie boeke in die voorgestelde handboek te integreer. Die skrywer het ook die bruikbaarheid al dan nie van hierdie vier publikasies vir leerlinge in die teikengroep geevalueer sodat die skryf van 'n handboek vir hoërskoolleerlinge hieruit gemotiveer kan word. Die handboek wat op die horskoolbeginner gemik is, word in die laaste hoofstuk bespreek en in Bylaag 1 aangeheg. Met hierdie handboek wil die skrywer die hoerskoolbeginner in staat stel om 'n stewige basis vir toonontwikkeling te Ie sodat enige vingertegniese werk, soos studies en toonleerpatrone vanuit hierdie perspektief aangepak kan word. Die skrywer is van mening dat die fluit se aantrekkingskrag in die eerste plek in die spesifieke eienskappe van die toon gesetel is, en beskou daarom die vestiging van 'n stewige basis vir toonontwikkeling as voorvereiste vir enige tegniese ontwikkeling wat later mag volg. Begeleidings word vir heelwat van die aanvangsstukke verskaf omdat die skrywer verder ook van mening is dat die nuwe fluitspeler beter gemotiveer word wanneer die ervaring van musiekskepping saam met 'n ander instrument van heel vroeg af beleef word. Verder word 'n hoe premie op die integrasie van tegniese- en toonontwikkeling vanaf die vroee lesse geplaas. Omdat daar met hoërskoolbeginners, wat alreeds oor 'n redelike mate van musiekteoretiese kennis beskik, gewerk word, word note met skuiftekens vanaf die vroeë lesse gebruik sodat die omvang van nuwe note wat aangeleer word eerder lateraal in plaas van vinnig na boontoe uitgebrei word. Sodoende kry die onderwyser geleentheid om seker te maak dat die basiese boustene vir toonbeheer gevestig is voordat nuwe note bygevoeg word. Met hierdie studie hoop die skrywer om 'n leemte te vul en dat hierdie studie leiding aan heelwat fluitonderwysers kan gee. ENGLISH: The normal way in which to start with an instrument is by using a suitable instrumental tutor. Such a tutor usually provides both pupil and teacher with an appropriate order in which to learn new material, and by using a combination of exercises and pieces, helps the new player to internalize acquired skills. The flute seems to be a very popular instrument, especially for high school music pupils wanting to start with a second instrument. And it is in this regard that the author experienced a lack of a suitable flute tutor for beginners of this age group, enabling them to reach a standard of UNISA or Associated Board of Royal Schools of Music grade V to VI within three to five years. Because of this, the author wrote and empirically adapted a suggested tutor for high school flute beginners to provide in this gap. The target group were those pupils in grade 8 to 11 starting with a second instrument and playing a first instrument with a minimum standard of UNISA grade III. A reasonable knowledge of theory of music is therefore supposed. This paper was done on three levels, the first level being a background study to flute teaching, the second level a critical evaluation of four flute tutors and the third level the provision of a suggested flute tutor for high school beginners. Because very few publications provides a flute teacher with relevant information in one book, the background study covers a wide array of subjects. Therefore subjects such as practicing schedules, physical requirements, the care of the flute, options available when purchasing a flute, tone development, vibrato and other appropriate subjects were investigated. The critical evaluation of the four flute tutors served as an introductory study for the provision of a suggested flute tutor. For this reason positive elements from these tutors were integrated in the suggested flute tutor, and the suitability of these four tutors by pupils in the target group were also investigated. The discussion of the suggested tutor in the last chapter serves as an introduction to the tutor itself. With this the author hopes to enable the flute beginner to acquire a solid tonal foundation before starting on various technical exercises. The integration of tone development and technical proficiency from the earliest lessons are also a matter of high priority. For this reason, and also because a reasonable knowledge of theory of music are supposed, the inclusion of chromatic notes from the earliest stages helps the new player to develop a technical proficiency while at the same time developing tone control. Accompaniment to many pieces in the tutor are provided from as early as the third lesson. In this way it is hoped to promote motivation and enthusiasm for the pupil by broadening the experience of music-making from as early as possible. / Dissertation (MA (Music Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Music / unrestricted

In South Africa, commitment to switch to the developmental approach with the aim of alleviating poverty and integrating social and economic development is evident in the White Paper for Social Welfare (RSA, Ministry for Social Welfare and Population Development, 1997), the Reconstruction and Development Programme (1994), the Growth Employment and Redistribution strategy (1996), the Policy on Financial Awards to Service Providers (2005) and the Integrated Service Delivery Model (ISDM) (2005). These policy documents attempt to integrate social development goals and economic development within a developmental approach to social welfare. The social development approach to social welfare in the South African context is firmly rooted in a rights-based approach. Its goals include achieving social justice, a minimum standard of living, equitable access and equal opportunity to services and benefits, and a commitment to meeting the needs of all South Africans with a special emphasis on the needs of the most disadvantaged people in the society. The right to dignity for all citizens is the core of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108/1996). This basic human rights value endorses the inherent worth of all human beings, as well as equity without bias based on gender, race or religion. In addition to this, the White Paper for Social Welfare (RSA, Ministry for Social Welfare and Population Development, 1997) states that social welfare services and programmes must be based on respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms as articulated in the Constitution of the country. The social developmental approach is relevant as it embraces human rights values and ensures socio-economic development. It is therefore of immense importance for the social work profession to incorporate the new approach into its professional interventions. The research tool was administered to the social work practitioners who are in the employment of the Department of Social Development, Gauteng Province. The respondents confirmed that the developmental approach to welfare was essential and has been adopted, as reflected on the policy documents and frameworks that guide service delivery. Implementation of the developmental approach in practice, however, poses some challenges as the model has not yet been adopted by some practitioners who have to implement policy. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the experiences of social workers regarding the current implementation of a developmental social welfare approach. The objectives of this research study were the following: <ul> <li> to conceptualise theoretically the social developmental approach within the field of social welfare;</li> <li> to explore and describe social workers’ experiences regarding the implementation of the developmental social welfare approach in practice;</li> <li> to identify the challenges social workers are experiencing in the implementation of the developmental social welfare approach in practice; and</li> <li> to make recommendations, based on the research findings, to enhance the effective implementation of a developmental social welfare approach in social work.</li> Against this background the study was guided by the following research question: <li> What are the experiences of social work practitioners regarding the implementation of a developmental social welfare approach within the Department of Social Development, Gauteng Province?</li> </ul> A qualitative research approach was used to investigate the experiences of social workers regarding the implementation of a social developmental approach. Applied research focuses on problem solving in practice and emphasizes the participation of the people who are experiencing a problem, by involving them in finding the solution to the problem. In this study applied research was applicable to contribute towards solving the problems related to the implementation of the developmental approach in practice. In the context of qualitative research the collective case study design was utilized as the most appropriate case study design, because the researcher wanted to further her understanding of a ‘social issue’ namely the implementation of the social developmental approach to social welfare services. The data collection method entailed focus group discussions. Qualitative data was collected through interviews of group members. The participants were social workers within the Department of Social Development employed in the five regions of Gauteng Province. There was one focus group, consisting of 10 participants, in each region; thus the researcher conducted five focus groups with 50 participants in total. The researcher utilized a combination of stratified and systematic sampling to select the participants for the five focus groups. The process used in data collection for the study entailed initially a pilot study which was used to test the focus group interview schedule among respondents who were not included in the focus group discussions that were held for data collection for the study. Using the Creswell method of data analysis, the data that was collected in the focus group discussions was subsequently analysed, interpreted and finally displayed in the form of themes and subthemes. The goal of the study was definitely achieved as the study determined not only that there is a need for ongoing training and reorientation of social workers toward the implementation of the developmental approach in practice, but also the revelation that there is a need to develop an action plan and clear procedure guidelines on how to implement the approach in practice, at national level. From a qualitative perspective, it is thus recommended that a procedure guideline and a national plan to implement the social developmental approach in practice should be developed in order to enhance the implementation process. AFRIKAANS : In Suid-Afrika is die toewyding om om te skakel na die ontwikkelings-benadering, met die doel om armoede op te hef en die maatskaplike en ekonomiese ontwikkeling te integreer, duidelik te lese in die White Paper for Social Welfare (RSA, Departement van Welsyn en Bevolkingsontwikkeling, 1997), die Reconstruction and Development Programme (1994), die Growth Employment and Redistribution strategy (1996), die Policy on Financial Awards to Service Providers (2005) en die Integrated Service Delivery Model (ISDM) (2005). Hierdie beleidsdokumente poog om maatskaplike doelwitte en ekonomiese ontwikkeling te integreer binne ’n ontwikkelingsbenadering tot maatskaplike welsyn. Binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is die maatskaplike ontwikkelings-beleid tot maatskaplike welsyn stewig geanker in ’n regte-gebaseerde benadering. Die doelstellings hiervan sluit in die bereiking van maatskaplike geregtigheid, ’n minimum-lewenstandaard, billike toegang en gelyke geleentheid tot dienste en voordele, en ’n verbintenis om in die behoeftes van alle Suid-Afrikaners te voorsien, met besondere klem op die behoeftes van die mees benadeelde mense in die samelewing. Die reg tot waardigheid vir alle burgers is die kern van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika (Akte 108/1996). Hierdie basiese menseregtewaarde onderskryf die inherente waarde van alle mense, asook gelykheid sonder vooroordeel gegrond op gender, ras of geloof. Daarbenewens stel die White Paper for Social Welfare (RSA, Departement van Welsyn en Bevolkingsontwikkeling, 1997) dat maatskaplike welsynsdienste en –programme gegrond moet wees op respek vir menseregte en fundamentele vryhede, soos uiteengesit in die land se Grondwet. Die maatskaplike ontwikkelings-benadering is relevant omdat dit menseregte omarm en sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling verseker. Dit is daarom van ontsaglike belang vir die beroep maatskaplike werk om hierdie nuwe benadering in sy professionele bemoeienis te inkorporeer. Die navorsingshulpbron is beskikbaar gestel aan die maatskaplike werkers in diens van die Departement Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling, Gauteng Provinsie. Die respondente het bevestig dat die ontwikkelings-benadering tot welsyn noodsaaklik is en dat dit aangeneem is, soos gereflekteer word in die beleidsdokumente en –raamwerke wat dienslewering rig. Die implementering van die ontwikkelings-benadering lewer egter in die praktyk ’n aantal probleme op, aangesien die model nog nie aangeneem is deur sommige praktisyns wat die beleid moet implementeer nie. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om die ervarings van maatskaplike werkers aangaande die huidige toepassing van ’n ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-beleid te ondersoek. Die doelwitte van hierdie navorsingstudie was die volgende: <ul> <li> om die maatskaplike ontwikkelings-benadering teoreties te konseptualiseer binne die veld van maatskaplike welsyn;</li> <li> om die ervarings van maatskaplike werkers aangaande die toepassing van die ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-benadering in die praktyk te verken en te beskryf;</li> <li> om die uitdagings te identifiseer wat maatskaplike werkers in die praktyk ervaar met die toepassing van die ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-benadering; en</li> <li> om, gebaseer op die navorsingsbevindings, voorstelle te maak ter verbetering van die doeltreffende implementering van ’n ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-benadering in maatskaplike werk.</li> Teen hierdie agtergrond is die studie begelei deur die volgende navorsingsvraag: <li> Wat is die ervarings van maatskaplikewerk praktisyns in die toepassing van ’n ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-benadering binne die Departement Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling, Gauteng Provinsie?</li></ul> ’n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is gebruik om die ervarings van maatskaplike werkers te ondersoek in die toepassing van ’n maatskaplike ontwikkelings-benadering. Toegepaste navorsing fokus op probleemoplossing in die praktyk en beklemtoon die deelname van die mense wat die probleem ervaar deur hulle te betrek by die vind van die oplossing vir die probleem. In hierdie studie was toegepaste navorsing toepaslik om by te dra tot die oplossing van probleme aangaande die toepassing van die ontwikkelings-benadering in die praktyk. Binne die konteks van kwalitatiewe navorsing is die kollektiewe gevallestudie-ontwerp gebruik as die geskikste gevallestudie-ontwerp, omdat die navorser haar begrip van ’n ‘maatskaplike kwessie’ wou uitbrei, naamlik die toepassing van die maatskaplike ontwikkelings-benadering in maatskaplike welsynsdienste. Die data insamelingsmetode het fokusgroepbesprekings behels. Kwalitatiewe data is versamel deur onderhoude met groeplede. Die deelnemers was maatskaplike werkers binne die Departement van Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling, in diens in die vyf streke van Gauteng Provinsie. Daar was een fokusgoep,bestaande uit 10 deelnemers, in elke streek; dus het die navorser vyf fokusgroepe gelei, met ’n totaal van 50 deelnemers. Die navorser het gebruik gemaak van ’n kombinasie van gestratifiseerde en sistematiese steekproef tegnieke ten einde die deelnemers vir die vyf fokusgroepe te selekteer. Die proses wat tydens dataversameling vir die studie gebruik is, het aanvanklik ’n loodsstudie behels. Dit is gebruik om die fokusgroep se onderhoudskedule te toets onder respondente wat nie ingesluit is nie in die fokusgroep-besprekings wat gehou is vir dataversameling vir die studie. Deur gebruik te maak van die Creswell data-analisemetode is die data wat versamel is tydens die fokusgroep-besprekings vervolgens geanaliseer, geïnterpreteer en eindelik voorgestel in die vorm van temas en sub-temas. Die doel van hierdie studie is definitief bereik, aangesien die studie bepaal het dat daar nie slegs ’n behoefte bestaan vir voortgesette opleiding en heroriëntasie van maatskaplike werkers ten opsigte van die toepassing van die ontwikkelings-benadering in praktyk nie, maar ook dat daar ’n behoefte is aan die ontwikkeling van ’n operasionele plan en duidelike prosedure riglyne vir die implementering van die benadering in die praktyk op nasionale vlak. Vanuit ’n kwalitatiewe perspektief word daar dus voorgestel dat ’n prosedure riglyn en nasionale plan ontwikkel word vir die implementering van die maatskaplike ontwikkelingsbenadering in die praktyk, ten einde die implementeringsproses te verbeter. / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

AFRIKAANS: As oudste kerk in Suid-Afrika is die Ned Geref Kerk in haar moeisame pad van kerkregtelike ontwikkeling andermaal gestrem toe ´n hofuitspraak tydens die Sinode van 1862 aanleiding gegee het tot die totstandkoming van afsonderlike sinodes. Hierdie ongelukkige gebeurtenis het lidmate diep teleurgestel maar terselfdertyd aangespoor om nie te rus voordat die breuk weer herstel is nie. Met die oog hierop is die Raad van Kerke gestig en sou hierdie raad op sy talle vergaderings onvermoeid ywer om die kerk weer te verenig. Intussen het ´n jong boorling van die geharde Stormberge in die Oos-Kaap, Jacobus Daniël Vorster, in 1935 predikant geword in die Ned Geref Kerk Tafelberg. Hy was lief vir die vak kerkreg en het ook daarin ´n M Div verwerf met die titel: “Kerk en Kerkregering van die Voortrekkers” terwyl sy Th D-proefskrif gehandel het oor: “Die Kerkregtelike Ontwikkeling van die Kaapse Kerk onder die Kompanjie 1652 tot 1795" As jong predikant moes Koot Vorster talle operasies ondergaan en daar is dikwels gevrees vir sy lewe, maar hy was bestem vir groter dinge want as Gereformeerde kerkregkundige sou hy algaande in statuur groei tot een van die grootste en kleurrykste kerkleiers wat die kerkverband nog opgelewer het. Hy dien vir dekades as skriba van die Ring van Kaapstad en as aktuarius van die Kaapse Kerk, maar waarvoor hy altyd onthou sal word is sy bydrae tot die totstandkoming van die Algemene Sinode in 1962. Na die Algemene Sinode het Vorster sy diepe insig in die Gereformeerde Kerkreg verder geopenbaar in die talle publikasies, artikels, adviese en optredes in sinodale vergaderings. Hy was meester van sy vak. Hy het telkens sy vermoë om duidelik te onderskei tussen die beginsels van die verskillende Kerkregstelsels getoon deur die Kerk en vergaderings terug te lei na die Gereformeerde kerkregtelike beginsels. So het hy ´n groot bydrae gelewer om die Ned Geref Kerk op die Gereformeerde spoor te hou of soms selfs te bring. Met sy agtergrond, sy akademiese onderlegdheid, sy deeglikheid en sterk standpuntinname rondom belangrike kerkregtelike sake was hy die regte persoon om die kerk kerkregtelik te begelei om die lang gekoesterde ideaal van kerkhereniging te bereik. In die Raad van Kerke en in Sinodes het hy die saak op ´n wyse gestel wat vertroue by afgevaardigdes en die gewone lidmate ingeboesem het. Hy het hom daarvoor beywer dat die Ordonnansie no 7 van 1843 geskrap word en dat ´n Kerkorde vir die verenigde kerk op die voetspoor van die Kerkorde van Dordrecht opgestel word. Daarom was dr Vorster dan ook die aangewese kerkregkundige om vir die Kerk, weliswaar gegrond op die Dordtse Kerkorde van 1618-1619, in 1962 ´n Gereformeerde Kerkorde voor te berei. In die finale voorbereiding van ´n Kerkorde vir die eerste Algemene Sinode is hy aangewys as voorsitter van die kommissie van Aktuarii wat die taak moes verrig. In hierdie belangrike voorbereidingswerk het hy, volgens die ander lede van die kommissie, die meeste van die werk vir eie rekening geneem. Hy is ook gevra om die voorgestelde Kerkorde by die onderskeie Sinodes voor te dra in afwagting vir vrae en kommentaar. Op die wyse het hy die voorreg gehad om binne ´n jaar of twee al die Sinodes by te woon. Die voorgestelde Kerkorde was so deeglik voorberei dat dit met min wysigings aanvaar is. Met hierdie Kerkorde het hy veral ´n groot bydrae gelewer om die Kerk te suiwer van die stille insypeling van Kollegialistiese denke, begrippe en taalgebruik, wat via die “Algemeen Reglement” van 1816 die Kaapse Kerk se Kerkwet ingedring het en later ook weerklank gevind het in die Kerkwette van die noordelike Ned Geref Kerke. Dit was ´n moeilike taak, aangesien veel Kollegialisties na jare vir selfs teoloë in die Ned Geref Kerk Gereformeerd voorgekom het, ten spyte van pogings om dit uit die Kerkwette te suiwer. Die Kerkorde van 1962, wat al die Kerkwette vervang het, was, as die breinwerk van dr Vorster, die finale sif. Met die totstandkoming van die Algemene Sinode van die Ned Geref Kerk in 1962 is die honderdjaar-oue droom van die kerkverband bewaarheid. Dr Koot Vorster het nie alleen die Sinode se nuwe naam gegee nie, maar ook die Algemene Sinode se eerste Aktuarius geword. Dit het hy vir baie jare gebly totdat hy binne die kerkverband tot Moderator van die Algemene Sinode verkies is. Dr Koot Vorster was índerdaad ´n merkwaardige kerkleier wie se groot bydrae tot die Ned Geref Kerk se kerkregtelike ontwikkeling verdere navorsing en optekening verdien. ENGLISH: The development of the Church Order of the Dutch Reformed Church was obstructed by a court order during its 1862 Synod which provocated the formation of seperate synods. Church members were prompted to restore church unity and therefore the Council of Churches was established. Dr Jacobus Daniel Vorster, as minister of the Dutch Reformed Church, Tafelberg in Cape Town, loved the subject on Church Law and obtained a MDiv degree with the title: Church and church rule of the Voortrekkers while the title of his Th D reads: The canonical development of the Cape Church under the VOC from 1653 to 1795. Allthough the young Koot Vorster was very ill, he was destined for greater things. He became one of the greatest and most distinguished leaders of the D R C denomination. For decades he ministered as secretary of the Circuit of Cape Town and as Actuary of the Cape Synod but he will always be remembered for his contribution to the establishing of the 1962 General Synod. He was a master in his field. He had the ability to distinguish between the principles of the different church law systems and to take them back to the Reformed canonical principles. Vorster led the church in church law to reach the longstanding ideal of church unity. He did his best to remove the Ordonance nr 7 of 1843 from the lawbook and to bring about a Church Order based on the Order of Dordt of 1618- 1619. Vorster was chosen as Chairman of the Commission of Actuaries during the final preparation of the Order for the first General Synod. He was also asked to submit the proposed Order at the various Synods and it was accepted with very little change. vii With this Order, he made a large contribution towards purification of the quiet infiltration of Collegialistic thinking, expressions and use of language which entered the church law of the Cape Church through the “General Reglement” of 1816 and also affected the church law of the Northern churches. The Church Order of 1962 was to supersede all previous orders and is in its final form the brainchild of dr Vorster. With the establishing of the 1962 General Synod, a hundred year old dream of the church denomination, became a reality. Dr Koot Vorster became the first actuary of the General Synod and filled this post for many years until he was elected as Moderator of the General Synod. Dr Vorster was a remarkable church leader whose contribution to the D R C’s canonical development deserve further research and recording. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Church History and Church Policy / unrestricted

Across the world, war has been declared against poverty because of its devastating effects on local communities. The world has made a concerted effort to fight the effects of poverty through developmental agencies and regional integration bodies such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organisation (WTO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). In an effort to complement the efforts of the above–mentioned agencies and bodies, the South African government has developed its own poverty alleviation strategies, policies, initiatives and Acts that focus primarily on alleviation of poverty on the level of local government. The Constitution of South Africa, 1996 provides the guidelines to several regulations and Acts (such as the Development and Facilitation Act, 67 of 1995, the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act, 32 of 2000, and the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, 117 of 1998.) that support the alleviation of poverty on the local sphere of government. The Integrated Development Planning programme was formulated and implemented to alleviate poverty at this level. The purpose of this study was to determine how the level of poverty within the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality could be alleviated through effective integrated development planning. A quantitative approach was followed because the target population response rate was expected to be large. In addition, the research design for this study included a literature review, analyses of official documents, observation and data sampling through questionnaires and scientific analysis of the responses. The study found that IDP objectives aligned to service delivery targets were unclear and did not depict the aspirations and needs of the community. The programmes aimed at the infrastructure coupled with skills development programmes and job creation initiatives could assist in the alleviation of poverty. / M Development and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Across the world, war has been declared against poverty because of its devastating effects on local communities. The world has made a concerted effort to fight the effects of poverty through developmental agencies and regional integration bodies such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organisation (WTO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). In an effort to complement the efforts of the above–mentioned agencies and bodies, the South African government has developed its own poverty alleviation strategies, policies, initiatives and Acts that focus primarily on alleviation of poverty on the level of local government. The Constitution of South Africa, 1996 provides the guidelines to several regulations and Acts (such as the Development and Facilitation Act, 67 of 1995, the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act, 32 of 2000, and the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, 117 of 1998.) that support the alleviation of poverty on the local sphere of government. The Integrated Development Planning programme was formulated and implemented to alleviate poverty at this level. The purpose of this study was to determine how the level of poverty within the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality could be alleviated through effective integrated development planning. A quantitative approach was followed because the target population response rate was expected to be large. In addition, the research design for this study included a literature review, analyses of official documents, observation and data sampling through questionnaires and scientific analysis of the responses. The study found that IDP objectives aligned to service delivery targets were unclear and did not depict the aspirations and needs of the community. The programmes aimed at the infrastructure coupled with skills development programmes and job creation initiatives could assist in the alleviation of poverty. / M Development and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The aim of this study is to explore the assets that are available in the context of the school of industries that will promote the youth at risk’s psycho-social development using the asset based approach. The researcher followed a qualitative research approach guided by an interpretivist epistemology and employed a case study design in the natural environment. Multiple data collection methods (interviews, focus groups and documentation) were used in order to gain rich descriptions of the participants’ perceptions of assets available for the enhancement of the adolescent’s psycho-social development. Results indicate that many assets for example, human as well as physical resources, structures and procedures are currently used and can be effectively mobilized in the future at schools of industries to promote the development of the adolescent on personal, social and moral levels. Placement at a school of industries is beneficial to the youth at risk because he can continue his schooling and therapeutic counseling is available which will empower him to successfully return to the community. Dysfunctions in the system involved with the placement of youth at risk at schools of industries are currently preventing the use of the school of industries, involved in this research, as a community asset for the child- and youth care system. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted