Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur sköterskor som arbetar på en operationsavdelning där WHO´s Surgical Safety Checklist används, upplever kommunikation, samarbete och patientsäkerhet. Kort metodbeskrivning: Kvantitativ metod. Design: Deskriptiv, retrospektiv, icke-experimentell tvärsnittsstudie. Datainsamlingen genomfördes på en operationsavdelning som använt WHO´s Surgical Safety Checklist drygt ett år. Deltagarna fick anonymt besvara ett frågeformulär med strukturerade frågor, en översatt version av the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) anpassad till operationspersonal (OR). I studien undersöktes 3 av frågeformulärets 6 teman: säkerhetskultur, samarbetsklimat och stressidentifiering. Vidare undersöktes hur sköterskorna tyckte att kommunikationen på operationssalen fungerade; samt i vilken grad checklistan hade förbättrat kommunikationen, samarbetet och patientsäkerheten på operationssalen. Varje fråga besvarades genom en femgradig Likertskala. Huvudresultat: Fynden visar att man kan anta att sköterskorna upplevde att kvaliteten på kommunikationen och samarbetet på operationssalen var hög. Vidare ser det ut som om deltagarna ansåg att patientsäkerheten fungerade adekvat och att checklistan var viktig för patientsäkerheten. Resultaten visar också att sköterskorna tyckte att checklistan i hög grad har förbättrat kommunikationen, samarbetet och patientsäkerheten på operationssalen. Slutsats: Sköterskornas upplevelse av kommunikation, samarbete och patientsäkerhet på operationssalen antas huvudsakligen vara positiv 1 år efter att WHO´s Surgical Safety Checklist infördes. / The aim of the study was to examine the nurses´ experiences of communication, teamwork and patient safety in an operation ward where WHO´s Surgical Safety Checklist is used.  Quantitative method. Design: descriptive, retrospective, non-experimental cross-sectional study. The data collection was implemented in an operation theatre where WHO´s Surgical Safety Checklist had been applied for the last year. The participants responded to a structured questionnaire, a translated version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) adjusted for operating rooms (OR). In the study 3 of 6 themes of the questionnaire was examined: safety culture, teamwork climate and stress identity. The study examined the nurses´ experiences of communication in the operating room; and to what extent the checklist has improved the communication, teamwork and patient safety in the operating room. Each item was answered using a 5-point Likert scale. The findings reveal nurses´ experience of high quality of communication and collaboration in the operating room. Further it seems that the participants thought the patient safety was sufficient, and the checklist briefing was important for the patient safety. The results also show that nurses thought the checklist briefing has improved the communication, collaboration and patient safety in the operating room. The nurses´ experiences of communication, teamwork and patient safety in the operating room were assumed as mostly positive 1 year after the introduction of the WHO´s Surgical Safety Checklist.

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The establishment of medical institutions in Kaohsiung municipal is mainly to cooperate with the Kaohsiung City government in promoting health policy, equally allocating medical resources, enhancing the health of the citizens, looking after mid- or low-income citizens, and taking charge of the medical care services of special patients. However, many institutions encounter various internal constraints and environmental challenges, such as bureaucratic personnel management, inflexible accounting system, faulty implementation of national healthy insurance and competition between hospitals, the Taiwanese medical system has become ¡§high competition, low profitability¡¨. More institutions follow the trend to modify their medical care operation. Outsourcing is one of the methods to strength their medical services. The medical industry currently is highly competitive. By increasing awareness of health concern, patients are more cautious in searching for appropriate and reliable medical care. Therefore, the hospital management regards patient satisfaction, confidence, and loyalty as the core values to improve its medical care services. In this research paper, we discuss the relationship between the quality of medical care services in Kaoshiung municipal hospitals and their operating performance. We also compare the operating differences between public hospitals and outsourcing hospitals to provide authoritative reference. In our research, we selected samples of patients from the Kaoshiung Municipal Minsheng Hospital, United Hospital (Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Art Branch), Hsiaokang Hospital, and Cijin Hospital. We sent out 310 surveys and collected 287 responses by Apr 15 2010. Data analysis and hypothesis testing was based on SPSS for Windows12.0. Based on this research, we concluded that: 1.There is a significant correlation between quality of medical care services and hospital operating performance. Also, process of medical care services was highly correlated with operating performance. In addition, hospital operating performance could be effectively evaluated by quality of medical care services. 2.With regards to the evaluation of medical care services and operating performance for the four municipal hospitals, United Hospital received the highest scores, followed by Minsheng Hospital, Hsiaokang Hospital, and Cijin Hospital. However, the performance of these hospitals is average, indicating that their medical care services need improvement. 3.Finally, outsourcing hospitals have a competitive advantage, which could help the improvement of medical care services. Due to the different operating systems for each hospital, the regulatory authority should be cautious in supervising the performance of the hospital.

Waste oil emulsions are generated in several manufacturing processes. Such emulsions not only affect the efficacy of wastewater treatment but also influence the water quality of the effluent. Therefore, these waste oil emulsions that have to be treated before being released into the environment. Many processes have been developed for demulsifying such materials and microwave irradiation has been shown to be most effective in this respect. It does not require the addition of chemicals and the oil recovered from the emulsion can be reused. With microwave irradiation, there are two main mechanisms occurring simultaneously. One is the rapid increase of temperature which reduces the viscosity of the emulsion. The other is molecular rotation, which neutralizes the Zeta potential because of the rearrangement of electrical charges surrounding the water droplets. Hence, water droplets coalesce and result in the separation of the emulsion. Addition of inorganic salts has also been shown to improve the efficiency of microwave irradiation in demulsification owing to an increase in solvent conductivity, which accelerates the heating rate. This process is termed salt-assisted microwave irradiation. In the present study, we propose that NaCl and artificial seawater can be an economical source of cations required in salt-assisted microwave demulsification. Our experiments included batch tests of emulsion characteristics and the effects of microwave operating conditions on demulsification rate and separation efficiency of three oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions (mineral oil, vegetable oil, and mineral-oil/vegetable-oil mix). First study was aimed to examine the demulsification of an O/W cutting oil emulsion with the addition of NaCl under microwave irradiation. This work investigates the effect of a set of operating variables, including irradiation time, irradiation power, dosage of NaCl, settling time, pH and the initial oil concentration, on the separation efficiency in the treatment of an oil in water (O/W) type cutting oil emulsion by microwave assisted demulsification. As a result of a series of batch demulsification tests a set of optimum operating conditions was found, consisting of 2 min of microwave irradiation at 280 W, the addition of 14 g/L of NaCl, 60 min settling time, and at a pH of 9.5. A separation efficiency of 93.8% was obtained with these conditions for 50 mL of cutting oil emulsion with an initial oil content of 10 g/L. The objective of the second study was to examine the demulsification of an O/W cutting oil emulsion, an olive oil emulsion, and a 1:1 cutting-oil/olive-oil emulsion mix, using a proposed process termed as seawater-assisted microwave irradiation demulsification. We conducted batch demulsification tests on 50-mL aliquots with an initial oil content of 10 g/L, and found that the separation efficiencies of a cutting oil emulsion, an olive oil emulsion, and a cutting-oil/olive-oil mix reached 93.1%, 92.6%, and 93.2%, respectively, using our optimum operating conditions, which were 40 sec of microwave irradiation at 700 W, a 60 min settling time, and addition of 12%, 32%, and 20% (all v/v) of artificial seawater, respectively. Using this set of operating conditions, a decrease in solution pH was found to significantly increase the demulsification efficiency after addition of inorganic acid, whereas an increase in the concentration of surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), resulted in a decrease in efficiency. In addition, our test data were explored using a stepwise regression method, yielding a multi-variable equation. This empirical equation was able to describe separation efficiency rather well, after exclusion of tests showing separation efficiency below 40% and temperature higher than the boiling point. This study could provide essential information related to O/W emulsions using salt-assisted microwave demulsification.

In recent years, domestic high education institutions encounter the difficulty of decrease in numbers of enrolling students and increase in number of schools, which is resulted from the trend of less newborn children and more loosing governmental policy by Ministry of Education. In such environments, the private schools encounter high pressure of seeking sufficient enrolling students and more competition among schools. Therefore, management of private schools should focus on increasing efficiency of operating organization so private schools can be developed with more competition in the future. How to operate and allocate available resources and to achieve educational goals become the most important topics for school management. Schools are Non-Profit Organization and this thesis is intended to evaluate the relative efficiency of faculties of colleges or universities with Data Envelopment Analysis¡]DEA¡^, which is popular methods for researches regarding Non-Profit Organization. It includes the CCR model and BCC model and selects 4 input items and 3 output items as evaluation indicators. The thesis employed the DEA model in the case study to evaluate the Overall Efficiency, Pure Technical Efficiency and Scale Efficiency of school faculties and performed slack variable analysis to inefficient faculties to obtain inefficiency reasons and provide further improvements. The case study in this thesis was performed with efficiency evaluation on 19 faculties of certain medical university based on the information of fiscal year of 2008. The results were as below: 1.Overall Efficiency: In the case study, 7 faculties are relatively inefficient, representing 37% of population. This means that over 1/3 of total population is inefficient. 2.Pure Technical Efficiency: In the case study, 3 faculties have no pure technical efficiency, representing 16% of population. The negative result is less than overall efficiency, which implies that the inefficiency may be caused by scale inefficiency. 3.Scale Efficiency: In the case study, 7 faculties have no scale efficiency, representing 37% of population. Such faculties need to adjust their scales to reach the overall efficiency. This thesis also provided the improvement suggestions for inefficient faculties and operation strategies for management.

The study aimed to explore the relationship among outsourcing decision factors, customer relationship management, and operating performance in the translation market. Surveys were undertaken from translation agencies in Taiwan. 50 questionaires were released to each region including the northern, central, southern, and Hualien and Taitung Counties. In this research, 200 questionnaires were issued and 175 were returned. We received 162 valid returns with 13 invalid ones. copies of effective samples were returned, yielding a return rate of 81%. After the reorganization, the Pearson product-moment correlation, descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the study included: 1. Translation agencies of different capital showed significant difference on outsourcing decisions factors, among them the intraindustry trust showed significant difference. 2. Translation agencies of different numbers of company showed significant difference on outsourcing decisions factors, among them the responsibility of translation showed significant difference. 3. Translation agencies of different responsible translation unit showed significant difference on outsourcing decisions factors, among them the responsibility of translation and professional ethics showed significant difference. 4. Translation agencies of different responsible translation unit showed significant difference on customer relationship management, among them the enhancement strategy and establishment strategy showed significant difference. 5. Translation agencies of different capital showed significant difference on operating performance, among them the organization expansion showed significant difference. 6. Translation agencies of different numbers of company showed significant difference on operating performance, among them the organization management showed significant difference. 7. Translation agencies of different responsible translation unit showed significant difference on operating performance, among them the organization expansion and organization communication showed significant difference. 8. There were both positive and negative correlations among outsourcing decision factors, customer relationship management, and operating performance of translation agencies. In addition, both outsourcing decision factors and customer relationship management can effectively predict the operating performance. The study provided the following suggestions based on the above findings: 1. To carefully estimate the outsourcing businesses to enhance operating performance. 2. To conduct the customer relationship management well to improve the customer interaction. 3. To pay attention to operating performance to enhance the entire profits.

In order to correspond with the negotiated requirements in Taiwan¡¦s bid to join the WTO and to satisfy the trend of economic liberalization, the government of Taiwan has deregulated tobacco and wine monopoly system by abolishing the ¡§Provisional Rules on Tobacco and Wine Monopoly in Taiwan Province¡¨ on Jan 1, 2002. With Taiwan¡¦s deregulating imports of alcohol and tobacco products, increasing number of foreign rivals have entered our local market and led the field of wine & tobacco to fierce competition. Encountering drastic external change and losing the protection of monopoly system, Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corp. suffered sharp decrease in revenue. Currently how to promote organizational operating performance is the most important issue. This study targets on how the staff of Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corp. react to the current plight and challenge by issuing questionnaires to them to evaluate the differentia of employees¡¦ attitude toward ¡§organizational change,¡¨ ¡§total quality management,¡¨ and ¡§organizational operating performance.¡¨ Besides, this study also focuses on the measures that should be adopted by Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corp. to promote organizational operating performance. This company should make fundamental organization changes or conduct total quality management to reach their goal. The conclusions of this study are presented as follows: 1. ¡§Organizational change¡¨ has no significant connection with ¡§organizational performance.¡¨ Both the benefit from reorganizing company into a private enterprise and the employees¡¦ anxious reactions toward organizational changes have no effect on inspiring or challenging staff to change the organization¡¦s culture, to create their own work value, and to promote organizational operating performance. 2.¡§Total quality management¡¨ has significant and positive relationship with ¡§organizational operating performance.¡¨ In order to promote organizational operating performance, it is compulsory and essential that Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corp. conduct ¡§total quality management.¡¨ 3.¡§Total quality management¡¨ has positive relationship with ¡§organizational operating performance.¡¨ However, the degrees of concern about the variable topics vary greatly among employees of different ranks and positions. Suggestions in practical management: 1.Postpone the speed of privatization. At first, the organization should thoroughly conduct ¡§total quality management,¡¨ establish ¡§the nuclear competition,¡¨ and improve the organizational operating performance. 2.In order to avoid employees¡¦ resistance during the process of ¡§organization change,¡¨ it is necessary to plan the circulation of man power in advance, to communicate with employees, and to protect the staffs¡¦ privilege. 3.Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corp. is a company with great potential. It is very important for the management level to improve the efficiency by changing employees¡¦ mindset. How to inspire employees to work hard from mind and to create their own value are directions that are worth the high-level management¡¦s pursuit.

Electronic commerce has become the new global economic model. In recent years, most airlines build up Website and develop electronic commerce to improve their business competitive advantage. This research is aimed to make a comprehensive survey of airlines website functions and the impacts of electronic commerce on operating performance. Then analyze by interview with 8 international airlines¡¦ managers and SWOT analysis to find out the proper strategy for future development of airlines websites. The main results of this study follows below : 1.The best 2 operating performances for airlines websites is ¡§enhance the Service Quality and Efficiency¡¨ and ¡§enhance the Image and Popularity¡¨ 2.We get the following 8 strategies for the future development of airlines websites by SWOT analysis on the inner and outside environment factors : 1) Invest more resources to EC department for better performance 2) Take the advantage of airlines¡¦ image and attraction of global passengers 3) Boosting customers satisfaction and loyalty by good quality of service 4) Create mutual benefit with travel agencies by B2B cooperation 5) Marketing focus on the independent travelers and high-end customers 6) Enhance business competitive advantage by differentiation and specialization on services and products 7) Increasing the traffic of airlines websites by strategic alliance 8) Improve IT techniques for information integrity and transaction security

This study examines the changes in the inside ownership structure of companies after undergoes initial public offering in Taiwan. After initial public offering, the company¡¦s shares are in public possession while inside shareholders only possess part of its shares. To maximize their own interests, inside shareholders¡¦ ownership policies may vary due to different factors. Literature review shows that after IPOs the inside shareholders¡¦ share tends to be dropping but previous research focuses mostly on the changes in operating performance and ownership structure after IPOs. DeMarzo and Urosevic (2006) believe that the changes in inside ownership structure are due mainly to the trade-off between monitoring incentives and diversification. My study aims at companies which undergoes IPOs in Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation or at GreTai Securities Market between Jan. 1st 1998 and Dec. 31st 2000. The article investigates how such factors as, corporate value, corporate risks, inside/outside shareholders¡¦ risk tolerance and the ownership structure of companies which undergoes IPOs, have effects on inside shareholders¡¦ share-holding adjustment speed, long-term share holding equivalence level as well as the long-term share holding differences between inside/outside stockholders and little investors. My findings substantiate my assumption that risk factors and monitoring incentives do have effects on the shareholders¡¦ ownership policies and that factors mentioned above do have different effects on the inside ownership structure of IPO companies. The more inside stockholders avert risks, the higher the share-holding adjustment speed becomes. In contrast, the more share inside shareholders possess during IPO, the lower the speed. Inside shareholders¡¦ optimal ownership policies are positively relevant to the corporate value and negatively relevant to corporate risks. They are also positively relevant to the risk aversion of investors. The degree of risk aversion on the part of both investors and inside shareholders also influences ownership structures of various shareholders.

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