The early compositions of Paul Hindemith, like those of other composers in their early years, were more or less influenced by contemporary musicians and musical environment. The early years of Paul Hindemith was right at the end of the romantic period as well as the enthusiastic period of post-romantic music. Moreover, with the coming of the 20th century, many musicians pursued the innovative sonority and compositional techniques. Consequently, they composed many compositions which were different from those of the romantic or post-romantic styles. The opus 8, ¡§Three Pieces for Cello and Piano¡¨, of Paul Hindemith was composed at this transitional period. The various new musical idioms and compositional techniques of romantic, post-romantic and the 20th century, which may possibly be contained in this composition, will be the main concern of this essay. In the first chapter of this dissertation, Paul Hindemith¡¦s biography and brief abstract of his compositional style will first be introduced, and then followed by an overall introduction of the musical environment during the transitional period in the 19th and 20th century. In the second chapter, we will further analyze the three pieces in opus 8 individually, seeking and researching the musical style and compositional techniques in the transitional period between 19th and 20th century, in order to draft the background and transition of the times. Hopefully, this will help to understand the styles and characteristics of this piece.