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O município de Bonito e arredores em Mato Grosso do Sul apresentam atrações turísticas relacionadas a diversos tipos de depósitos carbonáticos quaternários, que formam cachoeiras, barragens naturais e tornam as águas de turbidez quase nula. A área está inserida no Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena e na Reserva da Biosfera do Pantanal (UNESCO). As tufas calcárias são rochas porosas formadas pela precipitação do carbonato de cálcio em água doce e podem conter diversos tipos de fósseis. Apresentam-se sob a forma de cachoeiras, barragens e sedimentos lacustres que formam depósitos micríticos inconsolidados, descritos dentro da Formação Xaraiés. Os micritos são extensos e relativamente espessos em toda a região. Contudo, a maior parte das ocorrências está intemperizada, parcialmente erodida e distribuída em áreas limitadas. O presente estudo foca a caracterização paleontológica, granulométrica e geoquímica (elementos maiores, menores, traços e isótopos de carbono e oxigênio), através de levantamento de detalhe dos micritos da área da Mineração Calcário Xaraés, em Bonito (MS). As amostras foram obtidas por furo de trado, coleta de amostras superficiais e de bloco decimétrico orientado para estudo tafonômico, complementado com investigação de campo e amostragem de algumas áreas na Serra da Bodoquena, Pantanal e Corumbá. Os micritos da Mineração Calcário Xaraés, são depósitos lacustres e podem ser descritos em três eventos: 1: base afossilífera, oncólitos, argilominerais e dados isotópicos marcam um período de maior umidade; 2: ostracodes, algas caráceas e gastrópodes fósseis que colonizaram este estágio e a baixa variação dos dados isotópicos sugerem um período estável; 3: gastrópodes de água doce resistentes a ressecamento colonizaram esta etapa, em associação com os dados isotópicos sugerem processos alternados de evaporação e umidade. O topo da seção estudada é marcada por evaporação total da água do lago, morte em massa do gastrópode Biomphalaria e instalação do gastrópode Idiopyrgus. A ausência de estruturas sedimentares, orientação, seleção e fragmentação dos bioclastos e o empacotamento fraco a disperso e feições de alteração dos bioclastos por tempo de exposição na interface água-sedimento denotam condições estáticas do ambiente durante o processo final de deposição. Estas características também sugerem abastecimento do lago por águas subterrâneas, pois produzem menor taxa de alteração dos bioclastos e manutenção das condições químicas da água, como demonstrado pela homogeneidade dos dados geoquímicos. Outros depósitos estudados de micritos também apresentam resultados semelhantes. Há forte presença de indivíduos do gênero Biomphalaria e da Família Hydrobiidae nos depósitos. Dados de campo mostram os depósitos de tufas calcárias na região com extensão maior que as registradas, ocorrendo principalmente próximos aos leitos dos rios atuais, que os dissolvem nos períodos chuvosos. Os depósitos de tufas calcárias da Serra da Bodoquena, principalmente os micríticos, provavelmente foram formados nos últimos 10.000 anos, indicando período mais quente e seco que o atual. Os últimos 2.700 na região podem ser caracterizados por aumento da umidade, extinção dos depósitos micríticos e instalação dos depósitos de tufas de cachoeira e barragens. / Bonito town and surrounding areas in Mato Grosso do Sul state are tourist attractions related with many quaternary carbonate deposits which form waterfalls, dams and render almost zero turbidity waters. That area is part of the National Park of Bodoquena Range and Pantanal Biosphere Reserve (UNESCO). Calcareous tufa are porous rocks formed by calcium carbonate laid down in freshwaters containg a great variety of fossils. They were presented in form of waterfalls, dams and lacustrine sediments, forming unconsolidated micritic deposits, being part of the Xaraés Formation. Micritic deposits are extensive and thick in whole area. Most of the deposits are weathered, partly eroded and distributed in restricted areas. The present study focuses on paleontological, granulometric, and geochemical (major, minor and trace elements, carbon and oxygen isotopes) data. The micritic deposits of Calcário Xaraés Mine in Bonito (MS) are detailed studied. Samples were obtained by auger drilling, also in outcrops area and one orientated centimetric indeformed block for taphomic study. The research was complemented with field study and sampling in the Bodoquena Range, Pantanal and Corumbá. Calcário Xaraés Mine micrites are lacustrine deposits. We described through three events: 1: their base does not contain fossils, but bears oncoids, clayminerals. Isotope data point to a wetter period, 2: ostracods, charophytes and gastropods fossils colonized this episode and homogeneity of isotope data suggest a stable event, 3: freshwater gastropods endured scarce water conditions so colonized the area. The isotope data then was varied suggesting alternated periods of evaporation and humidity. Total water lake evaporation resulted in the mass death of the Biomphalaria gastropod and consequent with diffusion of Idiopyrgus gastropod. Absence of sedimentary structures, bioclastic orientation, selection and fragmentation, weak to dispersal packing bioclast and bioclastic alteration features, are indications of long durantion in the water-sediment interface. These features suggest environmental static conditions during the final deposition. These features also suggest groundwater supplies to the lake, leading to less bioclastic alteration, and maintaing chemical water conditions, such as homogeneity of geochemical data. Other studied micritic deposits show almost the same results. There is strong presence of gastropod Biomphalaria and Hydrobiidae Family on these deposits. Field data show calcareous tufa deposits with an extension larger than the studied area, occurring mainly next to the rivers, which dissolve micritic in the rainy period. Bodoquena Range calcareous tufa deposits, mainly micritic sediments, probably were formed in the last 10.000 years, indicating a hotter and drier period than nowadays. The last 2.700 years in this region can be characterized by humidity increase, micritic deposits extinctions and installation of waterfalls and dams tufa depositions.

Les ostracodes, microcrustacés (Arthropoda), sont relativement abondants dans les archives paléontologiques. Sensibles aux variations paléoenvironnementales, la composition des assemblages et leur diversité sont d’excellents marqueurs des changements qui affectent le benthos marin néritique. Leur diversité est connue pour être fortement affectée par la crise biologique marquant la limite Permien-Trias, mais leur histoire à la fin du Permien moyen reste peu documentée.Près de 10 Ma avant la limite Permien-Trias, à la fin du Permien moyen, un important épisode d’extinction intervient, préfigurant le déclin de la biodiversité à la fin du Paléozoïque.L’étude systématique des échantillons prélevés le long des coupes de Chaotian (province du Sichuan, Chine) et de Penglaitan (province du Guangxi, Chine) a permis l’identification de 115 espèces d’ostracodes, dont 7 nouvelles. Le travail réalisé sur ces coupes constitue la toute première étude des événements de la fin du Permien moyen et du début du Permien supérieur s’appuyant sur l’observation des assemblages d’ostracodes. L’état de conservation des carapaces d’ostracode, étudié lors de ce travail, enregistre les effets de la fin d’un épisode de régression et le début d’un épisode de transgression au sommet du Permien moyen à Penglaitan. Les résultats s’avèrent en accord avec les données lithologiques et paléontologiques présentées dans la littérature, un modèle de reconstitution paléoenvironnementale basé sur les données de préservation des ostracodes est proposé.Une analyse critique de la qualité du jeu de données a permis d’évaluer l’influence des biais d’échantillonnage sur la représentativité du matériel fossile dans les études sur la paléobiodiversité et la paléoécologie. Les biais peuvent être corrigés par un traitement méthodologique approprié qui rend valide la comparaison des données de biodiversité. La richesse générique et spécifique décroît sensiblement au cours du Capitanien. Le passage du Permien moyen au Permien supérieur enregistre une augmentation de la richesse spécifique, malgré une faible diversité générique. L’ordre des Palaeocopida apparait ici affecté par une baisse de diversité générique et spécifique au Wuchiapingien inférieur. Si ces résultats ne permettent pas pour l’iPermiannstant de caractériser un événement global de renouvellement des communautés d’ostracodes, l’étude de matériel fossile provenant d’autres régions du monde permettra de définir l’ampleur des phénomènes observés. / Ostracods, microcrustaceans (Arthropoda), are quite abundant in the fossil record. Highly dependent to palaeoenvironmental conditions, their diversity and the assemblages’ composition are good indicators of changes affecting neritic marine benthos. Ostracods are known to be deeply affected by the Permian-Triassic crisis, but their history is poorly documented for the end of Middle Permian.About10 My before the Permian-Triassic boundary, the end of Middle Permian is characterized by a major extinction episode, which could be the first step of end-Palaeozoic biodiversity drop.Systematic study carried out on Chaotian section (Sichuan Province, P.R. China) and the Penglaitan section (Guangxi Province, P.R. China) samples allowed the identification of 115 species, including seven new species. The work carried out on these two sections provides the first study of end-Middle Permian extinction event, based on the observation of ostracod assemblages.Study of carapace preservation at Penglaitan section, highlighted the end of a regression phase and the beginning of a transgression phase at the top of Middle Permian. These results are relevant with lithologic and palaeontological data from literature. Thus, a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction model has been proposed, based on ostracod preservation data.An estimation of sampling bias consequences on fossil dataset representativeness in palaeobiodiversity and palaeoecology studies was realised. These biases could be corrected by an appropriate methodology allowing comparisons of biodiversity datum. Biodiversity data reveals a decrease of generic and specific richness during Capitanian. Specific richness increased passing the Middle-Upper Permian boundary. Palaeocopida order seems here affected by a generic and specific richness decline at basal Wuchiapingian. If these results do not allow for the time being to characterize a global ostracod turnover, further studies on material from other regions in the world will allow defining the extent of the observed phenomena.

O município de Bonito e arredores em Mato Grosso do Sul apresentam atrações turísticas relacionadas a diversos tipos de depósitos carbonáticos quaternários, que formam cachoeiras, barragens naturais e tornam as águas de turbidez quase nula. A área está inserida no Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena e na Reserva da Biosfera do Pantanal (UNESCO). As tufas calcárias são rochas porosas formadas pela precipitação do carbonato de cálcio em água doce e podem conter diversos tipos de fósseis. Apresentam-se sob a forma de cachoeiras, barragens e sedimentos lacustres que formam depósitos micríticos inconsolidados, descritos dentro da Formação Xaraiés. Os micritos são extensos e relativamente espessos em toda a região. Contudo, a maior parte das ocorrências está intemperizada, parcialmente erodida e distribuída em áreas limitadas. O presente estudo foca a caracterização paleontológica, granulométrica e geoquímica (elementos maiores, menores, traços e isótopos de carbono e oxigênio), através de levantamento de detalhe dos micritos da área da Mineração Calcário Xaraés, em Bonito (MS). As amostras foram obtidas por furo de trado, coleta de amostras superficiais e de bloco decimétrico orientado para estudo tafonômico, complementado com investigação de campo e amostragem de algumas áreas na Serra da Bodoquena, Pantanal e Corumbá. Os micritos da Mineração Calcário Xaraés, são depósitos lacustres e podem ser descritos em três eventos: 1: base afossilífera, oncólitos, argilominerais e dados isotópicos marcam um período de maior umidade; 2: ostracodes, algas caráceas e gastrópodes fósseis que colonizaram este estágio e a baixa variação dos dados isotópicos sugerem um período estável; 3: gastrópodes de água doce resistentes a ressecamento colonizaram esta etapa, em associação com os dados isotópicos sugerem processos alternados de evaporação e umidade. O topo da seção estudada é marcada por evaporação total da água do lago, morte em massa do gastrópode Biomphalaria e instalação do gastrópode Idiopyrgus. A ausência de estruturas sedimentares, orientação, seleção e fragmentação dos bioclastos e o empacotamento fraco a disperso e feições de alteração dos bioclastos por tempo de exposição na interface água-sedimento denotam condições estáticas do ambiente durante o processo final de deposição. Estas características também sugerem abastecimento do lago por águas subterrâneas, pois produzem menor taxa de alteração dos bioclastos e manutenção das condições químicas da água, como demonstrado pela homogeneidade dos dados geoquímicos. Outros depósitos estudados de micritos também apresentam resultados semelhantes. Há forte presença de indivíduos do gênero Biomphalaria e da Família Hydrobiidae nos depósitos. Dados de campo mostram os depósitos de tufas calcárias na região com extensão maior que as registradas, ocorrendo principalmente próximos aos leitos dos rios atuais, que os dissolvem nos períodos chuvosos. Os depósitos de tufas calcárias da Serra da Bodoquena, principalmente os micríticos, provavelmente foram formados nos últimos 10.000 anos, indicando período mais quente e seco que o atual. Os últimos 2.700 na região podem ser caracterizados por aumento da umidade, extinção dos depósitos micríticos e instalação dos depósitos de tufas de cachoeira e barragens. / Bonito town and surrounding areas in Mato Grosso do Sul state are tourist attractions related with many quaternary carbonate deposits which form waterfalls, dams and render almost zero turbidity waters. That area is part of the National Park of Bodoquena Range and Pantanal Biosphere Reserve (UNESCO). Calcareous tufa are porous rocks formed by calcium carbonate laid down in freshwaters containg a great variety of fossils. They were presented in form of waterfalls, dams and lacustrine sediments, forming unconsolidated micritic deposits, being part of the Xaraés Formation. Micritic deposits are extensive and thick in whole area. Most of the deposits are weathered, partly eroded and distributed in restricted areas. The present study focuses on paleontological, granulometric, and geochemical (major, minor and trace elements, carbon and oxygen isotopes) data. The micritic deposits of Calcário Xaraés Mine in Bonito (MS) are detailed studied. Samples were obtained by auger drilling, also in outcrops area and one orientated centimetric indeformed block for taphomic study. The research was complemented with field study and sampling in the Bodoquena Range, Pantanal and Corumbá. Calcário Xaraés Mine micrites are lacustrine deposits. We described through three events: 1: their base does not contain fossils, but bears oncoids, clayminerals. Isotope data point to a wetter period, 2: ostracods, charophytes and gastropods fossils colonized this episode and homogeneity of isotope data suggest a stable event, 3: freshwater gastropods endured scarce water conditions so colonized the area. The isotope data then was varied suggesting alternated periods of evaporation and humidity. Total water lake evaporation resulted in the mass death of the Biomphalaria gastropod and consequent with diffusion of Idiopyrgus gastropod. Absence of sedimentary structures, bioclastic orientation, selection and fragmentation, weak to dispersal packing bioclast and bioclastic alteration features, are indications of long durantion in the water-sediment interface. These features suggest environmental static conditions during the final deposition. These features also suggest groundwater supplies to the lake, leading to less bioclastic alteration, and maintaing chemical water conditions, such as homogeneity of geochemical data. Other studied micritic deposits show almost the same results. There is strong presence of gastropod Biomphalaria and Hydrobiidae Family on these deposits. Field data show calcareous tufa deposits with an extension larger than the studied area, occurring mainly next to the rivers, which dissolve micritic in the rainy period. Bodoquena Range calcareous tufa deposits, mainly micritic sediments, probably were formed in the last 10.000 years, indicating a hotter and drier period than nowadays. The last 2.700 years in this region can be characterized by humidity increase, micritic deposits extinctions and installation of waterfalls and dams tufa depositions.

Les changements paléoenvironnementaux se produisant pendant le Sarmatien dans la Paratéthys Centrale ont été reconstitués par l’étude des foraminifères (36 espèces) et des ostracodes (28 espèces) de deux forages, combinée à une analyse géochimique de leurs squelettes calcitiques, des coquilles aragonitiques de gastéropodes et des dents phosphatiques de rongeurs.La composition de la microfaune indique que la connexion entre la Paratéthys et la Méditerranée est interrompue ou réduite à la base du Sarmatien mais qu’un bras de mer persiste entre Paratéthys Centrale et Paratéthys Orientale jusqu’à la fin du Sarmatien. Le Sarmatien inférieur est caractérisé par des eaux saumâtres peu profondes (maximum 80 m), bien ventilées, des températures stables (~ 15°C), un riche couvert végétal (algues et/ou phanérogames) et des efflorescences phytoplanctoniques périodiques. Un événement transgressif y est observé (TST de 3ème ordre; TB 2.6 du cycle global). Les changements faunistiques qui se produisent à la limite entre Sarmatien inférieur et moyen sont expliqués par un évènement de type HST accompagné de conditions dysoxiques. A la fin du Sarmatien moyen, une baisse du niveau marin relatif d’environ 50 m se produit et des eaux tempérées chaudes, plus saumâtres (17-23‰) et bien ventilées se mettent en place. Après un court épisode régressif, une connexion est rétablie entre la Paratéthys et la Méditerranée au début du Sarmatien supérieur. Des eaux chaudes (15-21° C), bien ventilées, correspondant à des lagunes marines et des marécages avec de fortes variations de la salinité (15-43 ‰) s’installent alors avant un isolement ultime de la Paratéthys qui se produit à la fin du Sarmatien. / Palaeoenvironmental changes in the Sarmatian Central Paratethys were reconstructed by studying foraminifers (36 species) and ostracods (28 species) from two boreholes coupled with geochemical analyses of their calcite skeletons and of aragonite gastropod shells and phosphate rodent teeth.The composition of the microfauna suggests that the connection between the Central Paratethys and the Mediterranean was interrupted or limited at the base of the Sarmatian, but that a seaway between the Eastern and Central Paratethys existed until the end of the Sarmatian. The early Sarmatian is characterized by brackish littoral seawater (maximum 80 m), well ventilated, stable temperatures (~ 15°C), with rich algae and/or seagrass vegetation and periodic phytoplankton blooms. A transgressive event can be observed as part of a 3rd order transgressive systems tract (TST) corresponding roughly to the TB 2.6 global cycle. The faunal changes occurring at the boundary between the lower and the middle Sarmatian can be explained by a sea-level highstand with dysoxic conditions. A relative sea-level fall with a maximum depth of about 50 m, and well ventilated, warm temperate and more brackish (17-23‰) conditions is documented at the end of the middle Sarmatian. After a short regressive event, a marine connection between the Paratethys and the Mediterranean was established at the beginning of the upper Sarmatian. Warm (15-21°C), well-ventilated, corresponding to marine shallow lagoon and marsh environments with high fluctuations in salinity (15-43 ‰) then prevailed before a final isolation of the Central Paratethys that occurred at the end of the Sarmatian.

Submitted by Vanessa Nunes (vnunes@unisinos.br) on 2015-03-21T13:53:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DaianeCeolin.pdf: 3969335 bytes, checksum: 5d7bd449fc1307161fd904deef944280 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-21T13:53:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DaianeCeolin.pdf: 3969335 bytes, checksum: 5d7bd449fc1307161fd904deef944280 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O presente trabalho consiste no estudo taxonômico dos ostracodes marinhos da bacia de Pelotas e os respectivos aspectos paleoecológicos da assembléia no intervalo Cretáceo e Cretáceo – Paleógeno Inferior. Foram analisadas 479 amostras de calha, provenientes dos cinco poços 1-RSS-2, 1-RSS-3, 2-RSS-1, 1-SCS-3B e 1-SCS-2. A fauna registrada totalizou 98 espécimes, distribuídos em nove famílias, 21 gêneros, 34 espécies. Dois gêneros e duas espécies foram mantidos como táxons indeterminados. As espécies identificadas foram: Cytherella cf. C. araucana Bertels, 1974; Cytherelloidea spirocostata Bertels, 1973; Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards, 1944; Actinocythereis indígena Bertels, 1969; Brachycythere gr. sapucariensis Krömmelbein, 1964; Wichmannella araucana Bertels, 1969 e Wichmannella meridionalis Bertels, 1969. Os gêneros mais diversificados foram Cytherella e Paracypris com sete e quatro espécies, respectivamente. O intervalo Turoniano foi o mais abundante, com a significativa presença dos gêneros Brachycythere e Cytherella . A família mais abundante foi a Trachyleberididae, com oito gêneros e 12 espécies, seguida da família Cytherellidae com dois gêneros e oito espécies. A passagem do limite Cretáceo – Paleógeno Inferior (K– Pg) na bacia de Pelotas foi marcada por uma mudança faunística com o desaparecimento dos gêneros, therelloidea, Argilloecia, Cythereis, Brachycythere, Pondoina e Rostrocytheridea, e o aparecimento de Neonesidea, Bairdoppilata, Ambocythere, Buntonia, Langiella?, Trachyleberis e Krithe . A associação dos ostracodes cretácicos na bacia de Pelotas sugere um ambiente marinho nerítico com águas quentes. / The taxonomic study of marine ostracods from Pelotas Basin and the respectives paleoecological assemblages aspects in the Cretaceous and Cretaceous – Lower Paleogene interval were studied. 479 cutting samples from wells 1-RSS-2, 1-RSS-3, 2-RSS-1, 1-SCS-3B e 1-SCS-2 were analized. 98 specimes belonging to 9 families, 21 genera and 34 species. 2 genera and 2 species were supported as undetermined taxon. The species identified were: Cytherella cf. C. araucana Bertels, 1974; Cytherelloidea spirocostata Bertels, 1973; Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards, 1944; Actinocythereis indígena Bertels, 1969; Brachycythere gr. sapucariensis Krömmelbein, 1964; ichmannella araucana Bertels, 1969 and Wichmannella meridionalis Bertels, 1969. The most diversified genera were Cytherella and Paracypris with 7 and 4 species, respectively. The Turonian was the most ostracodes-rich interval with significant presence of the genera Brachycythere and Cytherella. The most abundant families were Trachyleberididae and Cyther ellidae with 2 genera and 8 species. The K – Pg boundary in the Pelotas basin is marked by a faunal change which disappearance the genera Cytherelloidea, Argilloecia, Cythereis, Brachycythere, Pondoina and Rostrocytheridea, and the first occurrence of Neonesidea, Bairdoppilata, Ambocythere Buntonia, Langiella?, Trachyleberis and Krithe. The Cretaceous ostracods association in Pelotas Basin sugest a neritic marin e environment with warm water temperatures.

<p>The aim of this thesis is to describe present and past coastal dune environments in southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. </p><p>The present vegetation of a dune system and its zonation are described on the basis of air photographs, physiognomy of the dune system and floristic composition. The vegetation was characterized by a large number of Poaceae and Asteraceae species. Five vegetation zones, based on floristic composition, were defined by cluster analysis. </p><p>Pollen-vegetation comparison revealed that pollen assemblages differed considerably from the associated vegetation. Some of the major discrepancies were caused by large differences between pollen and vegetation proportion of <i>Hyalis argentea</i> and <i>Discaria americana</i>. However, the local vegetation was well represented in recent soil samples. Pollen traps recorded predominantly extralocal and regional pollen. </p><p>A new species of ostracods was recovered from an interdunal lake. The species, a giant cypridid, was described and illustrated, and its geographical distribution and ecology were discussed. </p><p>Two sediment sequences from the coastal intertidal zone and from a shallow freshwater lake were analysed for loss on ignition, calcareous microfossils (ostracods and foraminifers), macro remains and pollen. The coastal sequence was deposited between 7890 and 7630 cal. BP. Its pollen assemblages were typical for halophytic associations, with some psammophytic taxa also present in recent vegetation. The microfossils were representative of a littoral lagoon. The lake sequence comprised the last 3000 cal. BP. Pollen spectra indicated a relatively stable vegetation composition after the lake had been formed. Pollen assemblages reflected the present regional grassland vegetation with taxa characteristic for the surrounding dune communities. Human settlement was indicated in the pollen spectra by the presence of introduced taxa in the uppermost samples. </p><p>The data presented provide a useful reference for the interpretation of fossil sequences from similar environments.</p>

The aim of this thesis is to describe present and past coastal dune environments in southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The present vegetation of a dune system and its zonation are described on the basis of air photographs, physiognomy of the dune system and floristic composition. The vegetation was characterized by a large number of Poaceae and Asteraceae species. Five vegetation zones, based on floristic composition, were defined by cluster analysis. Pollen-vegetation comparison revealed that pollen assemblages differed considerably from the associated vegetation. Some of the major discrepancies were caused by large differences between pollen and vegetation proportion of Hyalis argentea and Discaria americana. However, the local vegetation was well represented in recent soil samples. Pollen traps recorded predominantly extralocal and regional pollen. A new species of ostracods was recovered from an interdunal lake. The species, a giant cypridid, was described and illustrated, and its geographical distribution and ecology were discussed. Two sediment sequences from the coastal intertidal zone and from a shallow freshwater lake were analysed for loss on ignition, calcareous microfossils (ostracods and foraminifers), macro remains and pollen. The coastal sequence was deposited between 7890 and 7630 cal. BP. Its pollen assemblages were typical for halophytic associations, with some psammophytic taxa also present in recent vegetation. The microfossils were representative of a littoral lagoon. The lake sequence comprised the last 3000 cal. BP. Pollen spectra indicated a relatively stable vegetation composition after the lake had been formed. Pollen assemblages reflected the present regional grassland vegetation with taxa characteristic for the surrounding dune communities. Human settlement was indicated in the pollen spectra by the presence of introduced taxa in the uppermost samples. The data presented provide a useful reference for the interpretation of fossil sequences from similar environments.

Freshwater ostracods (crustacea, ostracoda) are sensitive to environmental conditions, and are widely used as biological indicators for past and present environmental changes. The abundance and diversity of ostracods from permafrost areas is currently documented in scattered records with incomplete ecological characterizations. The objectives of the thesis were to determine the taxonomic and ecological range of ostracod assemblages and their habitat conditions in polygon ponds in different landscape units of the Indigirka Lowland (north-east Siberia, Russia). A monitoring approach focused seasonal meteorological and limnological variability of a selected pond site, its ostracod population dynamics, and the geochemical properties of ostracod valve calcite. Shallow, well-oxygenated, and dilute ponds with slightly acidic to circumneutral pH hosted an abundant and diverse ostracod fauna. A total of 4849 identified ostracods from eight species and three taxa represent the first record of the ostracod fauna in the Indigirka Lowland. Fabaeformiscandona krochini and Fabaeformiscandona groenlandica were documented for the first time in continental Siberia. Fabaeformiscandona sp. I and Fabaeformiscandona sp. II were newly found taxa holding a strong indicative potential for hydrochemical parameters. Repeated sampling of a typical low-center polygon pond revealed detailed insights in the population dynamics of Fabaeformiscandona pedata and its reproduction strategy. Substrate properties, physical and hydrochemical conditions in the studied ponds offered largely homogeneous habitats across different landscape units and pond types to ostracods. River flooding and differences in morphology between pond types resulted in variations in sediment, vegetation, hydrochemical and stable water isotope composition of the ponds. Ponds in the river floodplain and intrapolygon ponds hosted the most diverse ostracod fauna while species diversity was lowest in thaw lakes. Air temperature and precipitation were identified as the main external drivers of water temperatures, water levels, ion concentrations, and stable water isotope composition in small periglacial waters on diurnal and seasonal scales. Ostracod valve calcite recorded seasonal variations in stable oxygen isotopes of the ambient waters, but needs to be interpreted carefully with regard to species-specific background knowledge. / POLYGON - Polygons in tundra wetlands: state and dynamics under climate variability in polar regions

Here, we provide results of mid/late Holocene fresh water Ostracoda analyses from coastal modern lake basins in the Thrace region of Istanbul and Sarikum Lake, on the Black Sea coast near Sinop. While neither diatoms nor Cladocera are abundant in the sediments, Podocopian (fresh water) ostracods preserved well, but with discontinuous occurences during the mid/late Holocene. Un-noded forms of Cyprideis torosa, along with other Podocopian ostracods, dominated the sediments of all three lakes. Studying these three lagoonal basins along the Black Sea and Thracian coasts of Turkey allows reconstruction of long term, regional environmental histories, using the following methods. Loss-on-ignition (LOI) analyses at 1 cm intervals of short and long cores provide stratigraphic cross-correlation and calculations of organic matter, carbonate and mineral weight. At 5 cm intervals, spectrally-inferred chlorophyll-a contents by visible reflectance spectroscopy (Michelutti et al., 2010), provide estimates of algal production. Trace element analysis (Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca) using ICP-AES (coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy) is applied to fully calcified adult specimens of un-noded forms of Cyprideis torosa shells (which dominate the uppermost 145 cm of Terkos Lake). 210Pb and 137Cs dating of short cores, and AMS 14C dating of long cores, are used to infer sediment accumulation rates and to place specific ages on inferred environmental changes. Benthic foraminifers, gastropods, bivalves, single valves of fossil Glochidia, and Charophyte seeds are the other biological indicators observed within the sediment archive. Based on these data: 1. Terkos Lake sediments contain records of multiple, sub-millennial scale marine incursion events, over the last 2.8 ka, inferred to be the result of severe storms or tsunami on the Black Sea, including the tsunami in AD 1598 and AD 557-543 / 2. short core sediments from Sarikum Lake reveal sharp decreases in organic matter, carbonate, and increases in algal production and sand amount that suggest a storm or more recent earthquake / such as the Great Erzincan Earthquake (26 December, 1939) or the Bartin earthquake (3 September, 1968) while four more such events appear in the undated sediments of the Sarikum Lake long core / and 3. a large earthquake in AD 447 that affected the entire Sea of Marmara (Leroy et al., 2002) does not appear in the B&uuml / y&uuml / k&ccedil / ekmece Lake sediment record, but there is evidence for a significant hiatus in these deposits before the development of the dam (AD 1989) and after the youngest AMS date (2400 cal yrs BP). This suggests that B&uuml / y&uuml / k&ccedil / ekmece Lagoon was an environment of net erosion prior to its artificial impoundment, either from gradual processes or from scouring by one or more tsunami.