The thesis describes time dependent fluorescence shift method and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy method (FCS) with its extensions FLCS, Z-scan FCS and dual-focus FCS applied on specific problems in DNA and lipid research. Compaction mechanism of a DNA molecule smaller than a resolution of a confocal microscope was elucidated. The process was revealed to be "all or non" for a polycation spermine as a condenser in contrast with the gradual compaction caused by a cationic surfactant. Biophysical properties of a phospholipid bilayer influenced by presence of oxidized phospholipids with truncated sn-2 chain were explored. The dynamics of hydrated functional groups in the headgroup region was proved to get faster while the hydration of the headgroup region increased. These effects are in relation with the reorientation of the short sn-2 chains observed in molecular dynamics simulations. Presence of oxidized species may also influence the lateral diffusion of the lipids - a slight increase of the diffusion coefficient was observed. Decrease of hydration and mobility in the headgroup region was found as an influence of heavy water on the phospholipid membrane. These finding are in line with molecular dynamics simulations which show longer lifetimes of hydrogen bonds between water and lipid molecules in...

Reducing the impact of modern industrial production on the environment and reducing the waste generated is undoubtedly one of the most discussed topics of the present time. In the production of fossil-fueled electricity, a large amount of fine-grained waste fly ash is generated. The possible use of ash as secondary raw materials in the construction and building materials industry is one of the many environmental challenges that the energy industry is concerned with. The aim of this diploma thesis was to verify possibilities of utilization of different kinds of power station fly ash as filler in asphalt mixtures for the production of oxidized asphalt insulation strips. The main emphasis was put on the clarification of the influence of the properties of the different types of fly ashes on the resulting rheological behavior of the mixture of asphalt binder and power fly ash, which is professionally called mastic. Mastic forms a technology-critical insulating layer in the asphalt insulation strip. The prediction of the rheological properties and therefore the workability of mastic appears to be an essential element in the management of production, especially under the conditions of the variability of input raw materials. In order to solve the assigned task it was necessary to perform detailed analyzes of fly ash properties, to select the corresponding quantification variable for assessment of the mastic processability and to find the signal fly ash properties, which appears to be a control parameter of workability. As a suitable method for assessing the processability of mastic, a shear viscosity measurement method was chosen. On the basis of the findings, it is possible to state that the use of fly ash from the production of oxidized asphalt bands is not recommended as the mastic prepared from these fly ashes are unprocessed at the assumed concentrations. The negative effect of fly ash after denitrification on the mastic processability has not been demonstrated.