Virtual camera realisation and the proposition of trapezoidal camera architecture are the two broad contributions of this thesis. Firstly, multiple camera and their arrangement constitute a critical component which affect the integrity of visual content acquisition for multi-view video. Currently, linear, convergence, and divergence arrays are the prominent camera topologies adopted. However, the large number of cameras required and their synchronisation are two of prominent challenges usually encountered. The use of virtual cameras can significantly reduce the number of physical cameras used with respect to any of the known camera structures, hence adequately reducing some of the other implementation issues. This thesis explores to use image-based rendering with and without geometry in the implementations leading to the realisation of virtual cameras. The virtual camera implementation was carried out from the perspective of depth map (geometry) and use of multiple image samples (no geometry). Prior to the virtual camera realisation, the generation of depth map was investigated using region match measures widely known for solving image point correspondence problem. The constructed depth maps have been compare with the ones generated using the dynamic programming approach. In both the geometry and no geometry approaches, the virtual cameras lead to the rendering of views from a textured depth map, construction of 3D panoramic image of a scene by stitching multiple image samples and performing superposition on them, and computation of virtual scene from a stereo pair of panoramic images. The quality of these rendered images were assessed through the use of either objective or subjective analysis in Imatest software. Further more, metric reconstruction of a scene was performed by re-projection of the pixel points from multiple image samples with a single centre of projection. This was done using sparse bundle adjustment algorithm. The statistical summary obtained after the application of this algorithm provides a gauge for the efficiency of the optimisation step. The optimised data was then visualised in Meshlab software environment, hence providing the reconstructed scene. Secondly, with any of the well-established camera arrangements, all cameras are usually constrained to the same horizontal plane. Therefore, occlusion becomes an extremely challenging problem, and a robust camera set-up is required in order to resolve strongly the hidden part of any scene objects. To adequately meet the visibility condition for scene objects and given that occlusion of the same scene objects can occur, a multi-plane camera structure is highly desirable. Therefore, this thesis also explore trapezoidal camera structure for image acquisition. The approach here is to assess the feasibility and potential of several physical cameras of the same model being sparsely arranged on the edge of an efficient trapezoid graph. This is implemented both Matlab and Maya. The quality of the depth maps rendered in Matlab are better in Quality.

La télédermatologie présente plusieurs avantages par rapport aux consultations traditionnelles en cabinet avec un dermatologue. Elle est particulièrement utile pour faciliter l'accès aux soins dermatologiques pour les patients ayant des problèmes de mobilité ou habitant loin des secteurs géographiques médicalisés. Un schéma de mosaïquage automatique d’images dédié à la création des panoramas étendus des vidéo-séquences de peau est proposé pour surmonter les limitations posées par le champ de vue réduit des images stationnaires acquises par les dispositifs actuellement utilisés. Les vidéo-séquences utilisées à cet effet sont acquises en utilisant un dispositif spécialement conçu pour un rendu colorimétrique contrôlé de la surface de la peau. Après une étude des diverses méthodes de recalage d'images existantes, une approche optimale est proposée, avec un certain compromis entre la précision de recalage et le temps de calcul, pour la superposition des parties communes des images cutanées. En outre, une approche pour affiner la correspondance initiale des points caractéristiques extraits est présentée. L'étude présentée porte principalement sur la construction cohérente d’une mosaïque dans son ensemble. Pour atteindre cet objectif, un schéma de mosaïque capable de générer des panoramas cohérents à partir de vidéo-séquences longues est présenté. Ce schéma estime dynamiquement la topologie de la trajectoire des images dans le plan de mosaïquage. Cela permet de placer les images sur le plan panoramique avec un nombre réduit d'images sur le chemin suivi pour atteindre une image donnée à partir d'une image de référence, ce qui réduit non seulement l'accumulation des erreurs, mais permet également d'éviter les interruptions dans le mosaïquage en excluant les paires d'images dont le recalage ne serait pas réussi. L'approche proposée offre une robustesse vis-à-vis des recalages échoués en trouvant des trajets alternatifs. En outre, un mode d'ajustement global pour améliorer davantage la cohérence de la mosaïque est présenté / Teledermatology offers several advantages in comparison to the traditional in-place consultations with a dermatologist. It is particularly useful for easing the access to the dermatological care for patients with mobility or travel constraints. A dedicated mosaicing scheme for creating extended panoramas of skin video sequences is proposed to surmount the limitations posed by the small field of view of stationary images acquired by currently used devices. The video sequences used for this purpose are acquired using a specially designed device for a colorimetrically correct rendering of the skin surface. After a study of various image registration approaches, an approach optimally suited to skin image registration with some compromise between registration accuracy and computation time is selected. In addition, an approach for refining the initially detected key-point correspondence is presented. Central focus of this study is on the overall coherent construction of the mosaic. To achieve this objective, a mosaicing scheme capable of generating coherent panoramas from long video sequences is presented. This scheme dynamically estimates the topology of the image trajectory in the panoramic plane to mosaic the images by reducing the number of images over the path used for reaching a given image from a reference image in order to place it on the panoramic plane. A small number of images reduces the accumulated errors, thus improving the visual coherency of the overall mosaic. Besides, the proposed approach offers robustness against failed registrations, which would interrupt the mosaicing process in the absence of the alternative paths. Moreover, a global adjustment scheme for further improving the coherency of the mosaic is presented

The topic of this thesis is the design of dental X-ray. User problems were identified based on the design and technical analysis for which solutions are presented in the work. The innovative shape and design solution shows a new approach to dental X-rays. The main benefit of the design is the solution to real ergonomic problems that can occur during the interaction of the operator or patient and the device. The design corresponds to current trends in the evolving design field of medical design.