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The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the issue of endoparasitosis in horses in breeding in Brno and its surroundings. From November 2015 to January 2017, four stables with different numbers of horses with their different dispositions (age, sex, horse performance) were monitored. In total, 30 horses were observed and 450 samples of equine faeces were collected and analyzed. Samples were analyzed using flotation methods using the Breza solution. It was found that 82 % of the samples were infected with 0-5 eggs of Strongylidae parasites. The work has shown that the number of parasites egg negatively affect the horse health. The resistance of parasites to deworming products was not proven.

Iron-sulfur (FeS) cluster assembly is extensively studied in model organisms, e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens, and more recently in Trypanosoma brucei. However, little is known about FeS assembly in divergent anaerobic organisms such as Trichomonas vaginalis, which parasites in the human urogenital tract. This parasitic protist possesses anaerobic form of mitochondria, the hydrogenosome, in which some component of FeS cluster assembly machinery (ISC) has been identified, whereas the cytosolic CIA pathway has not been studied so far. Our work deals mainly with TvIscU, a component of ISC pathway, and T. vaginalis CIA pathway. We suggest that both hydrogenosomal and cytosolic FeS cluster assembly pathways of this parasite differ from typical models. We examined possible ISC-CIA relationship. Next, we found homologues for several key components involved CIA machinery, namely Nbp35, Cfd1, Nar1, Cia1 and Cia2. However, we did not identify any homologous proteins to Tah18, Dre2 and Mms19. We expressed identified proteins with HA-tag and localized them by cell fractionation and immunofluorescence microscopy in T. vaginalis. Finally, we immunoprecipitated two Cfd1 paralogues, TvCfd1A and TvCfd1B to search for their interacting partners. The results suggest that these two paralogues interact with...

The main aim of the diploma thesis is to compare the effectivity of homeopathy and classic chemical way of deworming of horses. In total 18 horses were included in the observation, who were all stabled on one farm. The observation took place during one pasture season. The first faecal examination was carried out for the purpose of qualitative analysis of occurrence of parasites in horses' digestive tract. Subsequently, each faecal examination was realized as a quantitative analysis using the modified McMaster technique. Faecal analysis was carried out always before and after the use of both dewormers (homeopathic and allopathic). The horses treated with homeopathic dewormer were tested more frequently. Faecal sample diagnostics showed contamination by only two types of parasites, small and large strongyles. Coprology analysis proved excellent effectivity of allopathic dewormers and zero resistance to the active substance. The homeopathic dewormer managed to keep some horses at low level infection, where EPG was below 200 (eggs per gram). The effectivity of both dewormers was realized in three cases. Faecal analysis after anthelmintic treatment was chosen in the first case. In the second case the difference between the two dewormers was analyzed after a given period of time following the application. In the third case the overall differences between both dewormers were assessed. It can be stated that the homeopathic dewormer PVB etat vermieux can be successfully used as supplementary and prophylactic treatment of horses during the year. At the same time it is important to give attention to regular faecal analysis and eventual use of allopathic dewormers after the testing. The use of homeopathy, however, is advantageous from both the ecological and health point of view.

The master thesis is aimed to evaluate intestinal parasites occurrence in a goat breeding. A herd of goats chosen for this survey was kept by a private enterprise focused on milk production. The practical research was conducted during two years, 2009 and 2010. Samples of feaces were collected during that period and analyzed for parasites occurrence. The analyses proved presence of the following parasites: Trichuris ovis, parasites from the order Strongylida, Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocellium lanceatum and coccidia. Total prevalence was significant; 85% of the samples were found to be positive. Species from the order Strongylida were identified as the most often 41,46 %, which meant 199 cases from the total of 509. During the examined period, the highest prevalence of parasites was detected in summer 2009, the second highest then in spring 2010.

Blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma are parasitic trematodes that cause schistosomiasis, a serious disease afflicting more than 240 million people. The proteolytic system of schistosomes is essential for their viability: it participates in important processes during host-parasite interactions such as food digestion, invasion and tissue migration. Thus, schistosomal proteases are promising molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in schistosomiasis treatment. The thesis focuses on the protease cathepsin B2 from S. mansoni (SmCB2) which has not been studied in detail so far in terms of biochemical properties and biological function. Recombinant SmCB2 was prepared using yeast and bacterial expression systems and was chromatographically purified. Using an in vitro activity assay, the first effective inhibitors of SmCB2 were identified which inhibited its proteolytic activity in submicromolar concentrations. Specific polyclonal antibodies against SmCB2 were prepared and used for immunomicroscopic localization of this protease on the surface of the parasite. ELISA analysis demonstrated that SmCB2 is a parasite antigen recognized by the host immune system in the mouse model of schistosomiasis. The thesis provides valuable information about SmCB2 as a potential target molecule for synthetic...

1. Overview Schistosomes have achieved first position among parasitic helminths, because some of them are the etiological agents of a serious human parasitic disease, schistosomiasis, which affects over 200 million people in tropical and subtropical countries (WHO, 2001). Other schistosomatids, such as the bird flukes of the genus Trichobilharzia, have also implications for human health. Although they can mature only in specific hosts (birds), their invasive larvae - cercariae - are able to penetrate also human skin due to chemical signals similar to those present on bird skin (Haas and van de Roemer 1998). Repeated infections result in an inflammatory reaction of the skin called cercarial dermatitis. Due to the increasing number of outbreaks all around the world, cercarial dermatitis is cons disease (Kolářová 2007idered as re-emerging ; Larsen et al. 2004). Among schistosomes, Trichobilharzia regenti is the only species described so far having a unique migration route within vertebrate hosts: after penetration of the skin, the invasive larvae enter peripheral nerves and continue via the spinal cord and central nervous system to the nasal cavity of birds, causing neuromotor disorders or paralyses of birds and even experimental mammals (Hrádková...

The aim of the diploma thesis is the analysis of the occurrence of endoparasites in horses and proposing prevention options using unconvential products and pasture management. In total 20 horses were included in the observation, who were all stabled on one farm. The observation took place during on pasture season. The first faecal examination was carried out for purpose of quantitative determination of parasites using the modified McMaster technique. The faecal analysis was carried out always before and after use of the homeopatihc and allopathic preparation. Horses were found to be infected by strongylides. Coprological analysis proved resistence to pyrantel embonate in 25 % of horses. After subsequent homeopathic treatment, the efficacy of this preparation was found in several horses, with EPG (eggs per gram) not exceeding 200. The effect of season on the rate of infection was monitored, when the effect of season wasn´t statiscially confirmed (p = 0,28). In assessing the effect of age on the intensity of infection, it was confirmed that older horses had lower parasitic infection rates than the young horses. After administration of active substance ivermectin to both groups of horses, a significant difference was observed when using this active substance against pyrantel embonate, which showed an excellent effect in 95 % horses. The homeopatic preparation of PVB etat vermieux can be used as an aditional preventive treatment during the year in horses that are sensitive to it. At the same time, it is important to regularly perform coprological faecal analysis and suitably choose an allopathic remedy, it is important to focus on preventive measures in horse breeding and pasture.

Oxyurid nematodes Aspiculuris tetraptera and Syphacia obvelata are both common mouse intestinal parasites; in the same location several species of trichomonads occur. Tritrichomonas muris is the most often found, but there are also some others: Tritrichomonas minuta, Pentatrichomonas hominis or Hexamastix muris. It is known that, under some circumstances, trichomonads can be found in the intestine of mouse pinworms, as reported by Theiler and Farber (1936) for T. muris in A. tetraptera and S. obvelata. What is interesting, trichomonads were found also in pinworms from trichomonad-negative mice. In 1933, Becker observed motile trophozoites of T. muris in the egg of S. obvelata. These observations offer a chance that the protist may be transmitted to a new host in similar manner (via pinworm eggs) as it was described for Histomonas meleagridis. In our study we document trichomonads in pinworm bodies, determine species of trichomonads, search for their localization, morphology and, based on the data, assess possibility of trichomonad transmission to a new mammalian host via pinworm eggs. By use of classical histology, in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy, we observed trichomonads exclusively in the intestinal lumen of both pinworm species. They were found in the entire pinworm...

Schistosomiasis is a serious parasitic disease caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. It is a global health problem with more than 200 million people infected and 750 million people at risk. Current therapy relies on a single drug, praziquantel, for which there are concerns of emerging drug resistance. Proteases of schistosoma are promising target molecules for the development of new therapeutic strategies against schistosomiasis. This work focuses on the comprehensive characterization of proteolytic systems of Schistosoma mansoni and determination of their role in the interaction with the human host. First, the major proteolytic activities secreted by individual developmental stages of schistosoma that parasitize the human body were classified using functional proteomics. This analysis demonstrated their complex and specific distribution with predominant serine and cysteine proteases and metalloproteases. Second, tegumental and digestive proteases, namely prolyl oligopeptidase and cathepsins B, C and D, were identified by chemical genomics as suitable target molecules for therapeutic intervention. Prolyl oligopeptidase was biochemically characterized using a recombinant protein, its effective inhibitors were developed as templates for antischistosomal drugs, and a biological role of the...