Since the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), few studies have examined how mother-child relationships relate to physical and mental health in HIV+ and demographically-similar uninfected mothers. The present three studies investigated the relationships of mother-child relationship quality (MCRQ: measured qualitatively with autobiographical narratives) with HIV status, domestic violence, substance use, childcare burden, self-silencing, and mental and physical health outcomes. Health outcomes were measured at two time points, concurrent with the autobiographical narratives (T1) and 11 months later (T2). Participants were recruited from the Chicago Women’s Interagency HIV Study and included 87 HIV+ mothers and 38 demographically matched HIV‒ mothers (M age=43.8, SD=9.4) who were primarily African American (89.6%) and low income. Study 1 used analyses of covariance to examine relationships between MCRQ and concurrent HIV status, self-reported self-silencing, substance use, domestic violence, caregiving (i.e., number of children and time spent caregiving) and childcare burden (i.e., mother’s opinion of parenting, perceived difficulty of parenting, help received from children). Relative to HIV‒ mothers, HIV+ mothers spent fewer hours caregiving and cared for fewer children. Negative mother-child relationships related to higher substance use and self-silencing, and positive mother-child relationships related to more time caregiving and more children cared for. In Study 2, multiple and logistic regressions were used to examine MCRQ as predicting T1 and T2 self-reported depression symptoms and health-related quality of life among HIV+ and HIV‒ mothers, and self-reported ART adherence and viral load and CD4+ counts assessed through blood specimens in HIV+ mothers. Negative MCRQ predicted higher depression symptoms at T1, as well as lower health-related quality of life at T1 and T2. Positive MCRQ predicted lower viral load at T1. Study 3 examined the potential moderation of MCRQ on the relationship between time spent caregiving and health indicators in HIV+ and HIV‒ mothers. At higher levels of positive and negative MCRQ, more hours caring for children related to better odds of being 95% adherent to ART medications at T1. Together these studies suggest that mother-child relationships are integrally related to the health of HIV+ and HIV− mothers and may be important areas to consider in treating this population. / 2020-12-11T00:00:00Z

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Parents’ new dating relationships after divorce are stressful to both parents and children, particularly when this relationship transition is quickly followed by divorce before family members adjust to new changes. Although parents’ new relationships and dating information are considered to occur at some point, relatively little is known about how divorced parents decide when, how much, and what to share with children. Guided by communication privacy management theory (CPM; Petronio, 2010), we explored if divorced parents’ perceived benefits and risks are associated with the timing of dating disclosures and introduction of new dating partners. Findings suggest that the timing of disclosures and introduction of parents’ dating partners are likely to be affected by parents’ evaluation of possible outcomes. Implications will be discussed. Objectives - To examine the association of divorced parents’ perceived benefits and risks of dating with the timing of dating disclosures. - To examine the association of divorced parents/ perceived benefits and risks of dating and the timing of when new dating partners are introduced to children. - To explore divorced parents’ perceived benefits and risks of dating.

Harsh parenting behaviors have been shown to predict internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children. These symptoms of psychopathology can persist into adolescence, which can negatively impact social, academic, and emotional functioning. Most studies, however, focus on between-person differences in average harsh parenting, rather than within-person changes in harsh parenting over time. This variability in harsh parenting has a potentially unique impact on the development of adolescent psychopathology. The present study aims to understand if child/adolescent-perceived variability in harsh parenting over time (intraindividual variability; IIV) predicts higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in mid-adolescence, while controlling for average levels of harsh parenting. IIV in child/adolescent-perceived harsh parenting was quantified using the coefficient of variation. Path analysis results indicated that IIV in child-perceived harsh parenting from ages 8-14 was a reliable construct, rather than random error. Further, more IIV in child-perceived mother harsh parenting predicted higher externalizing, but not internalizing, symptoms in adolescence (at age 15). Results were replicated using Residual Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling (RDSEM), a new method that models variability around one’s predicted slope within the model. Implications of this work include a novel way to conceptualize and measure aspects of the parent-child/adolescent relationship that predict individual differences in symptoms of psychopathology in mid-adolescence.

This document proposes a study to ascertain if a relationship exists between levels of child and parent anxiety symptoms during an intervention designed to decrease anxiety in youth. This document systemically describes family variables related to anxiety in youth at the individual, parent-child, marital, whole family, and extra familial subsystem levels, in addition to previous research analyzing parental anxiety and the direction of change between child and parent anxiety during youth-focused interventions. The study involves gathering anxiety symptom data from parent and child participants at 14 time points and analyzing it using dependent samples t-test, regression, and ANOVA repeated measure analyses. These analyses serve to answer the research questions of whether child and parent anxiety symptoms improve in a youth-focused CBT intervention for anxiety from pre- to post-treatment, whether there exists a significant relationship between the severity of anxiety symptoms in youth and parents surrounding a youth-focused anxiety intervention, and whether this relationship is consistent. / text

In this study, the supportive nature of the parent-child relationship was examined for how it relates to young adults' romantic development, as measured by indicators of attachment relationship importance and romantic involvement. Attachment and social support theories suggest that parents continue to play an important role as their young adult children form romantic relationships. Prior research has indicated that perceived support from parents is positively related to young adults' expressing attachment relationship importance, as evidenced by attachment motivation and engaging in exploration about romantic relationship topics. Furthermore, support from parents has been negatively related to romantic and sexual involvement. Therefore, it was believed that support in the parent-child relationship would predict both the indicators of attachment relationship importance and the indicators of romantic involvement in the present study. Additionally, an interaction of parental support and participants' gender was expected for the indicators of attachment relationship importance but not romantic involvement. A sample of 157 women and 144 men, ages 18-22 completed questionnaires. These measures assessed the supportive quality of relationships with each parent and indicators of the young adults' romantic development. For the indicators of attachment relationship importance, results indicated that exploration was predicted by gender and a conflictual relationship with father while motivation was predicted by a supportive relationship with father. Regarding the indicators of romantic involvement, sexual involvement was predicted by gender. Given these unexpected results, the role of parental support in young adults' romantic development continues to appear important, though the nature of its influence needs further research. Theoretical and methodological issues were discussed in light of these findings.

It has been theorized that parents indirectly influence children's peer functioning through aspects of the parent-child relationship. One specific group of children that exhibit significant problems with peers and in interactions with parents is children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Given the limited research examining family-peer links in children with ADHD, the purpose of the current study was to examine the association between aspects of the parent-child relationship and peer functioning in boys and girls with and without ADHD. In the current study, participants included 91 boys and girls between the ages of 7 and 11 years old and their parents. Fifty-four of these children were previously diagnosed with ADHD, Combined or Hyperactive/Impulsive Type. Parents and children participated in a parent-child interaction and then completed several measures assessing the parent-child relationship and peer acceptance. Teacher reports of peer acceptance were also obtained. The results of a multiple regression indicate some support for a family-peer links in children with ADHD. Positive parental affect expressed during a parent-child interaction was the strongest predictor of child-reported peer acceptance in children diagnosed with ADHD. However, parents making positive comments about the child or giving physical affection to the child during parent-child interactions did not predict children's peer acceptance. Negative parenting behaviors showed trends toward significance in predicting lower level's of child-reported peer acceptance in both children with ADHD and undiagnosed children. Parents making negative comments about the child appeared to be the most important predictor of low peer acceptance. Parent and child reports of parental rejection failed to show a significant effect for peer acceptance in both children with ADHD and undiagnosed children. However, among children with ADHD, child-reported parental rejection approached significance as a predictor of peer acceptance. Overall, the results of the current study lend some support to the theory that parents of children with ADHD indirectly affect their children's peer acceptance through parent behaviors. Clinically, these results suggest that interventions with children with ADHD could also focus on parents expression of positive affect and decreasing negative comments. The limitations of the current study and directions for future research will be presented.

This paper examines the role of attachment beliefs and parenting behaviors on the association between maternal and child anxiety in a community sample of mothers and their children aged 6-17 (N = 89). Maternal anxiety was assessed through the SCL-90 & STAI-T. Child anxiety was assessed through the RCMAS-C, STAIC-T, RCMAS-P, & CBCL. Attachment beliefs were assessed through the Experiences in Close Relationships (maternal) and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (child). Parenting behaviors were assessed through the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire and the Children's Report of Parent Behavior Inventory. Significant associations were found between maternal and child anxiety, attachment beliefs, and parenting. Multiple regression analysis indicated that Anxious Attachment Beliefs and Parental Involvement appeared to mediate the association between maternal and child anxiety. Findings are discussed in terms of elucidating the role of attachment beliefs and parenting behaviors on the association between maternal and child anxiety.

Blended: A Memoir is the author's recollection of her endeavors to overcome the difficulties that often accompany becoming a stepmother and build a "seamless" family. / by Abbe Greenberg. / Thesis (M.F.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Cette étude se propose de créer un outil de mesure de l'attachement, sur la base d'une complétion d'histoires à partir d'un support photographique : le CHEAP (Complétions d'Histoires pour Évaluation de l'Attachement avec Photos). Ce test, adapté aux personnes porteuses de déficience intellectuelle, requiert peu de capacités d'abstraction et sa durée de passation est courte. Un modèle de réponse à l'item (PCM ; Wright & Masters, 1982) a de plus permis d'obtenir une procédure de cotation simple d'utilisation et rapide. Cet instrument possède également de bonnes propriétés sychométriques. Dans un deuxième temps, le CHEAP a permis de conclure que les adolescents porteurs de Trisomie 21(N=26) et les enfants contrôles (N=27) présenteraient des représentations d'attachement moins sécures que les adolescents témoins (N=64). Par ailleurs, l'étude a permis de mettre en évidence que les adolescents porteurs de T21 ontdavantage de difficultés aux épreuves d'efficience intellectuelle et de vocabulaire et que le nombre de comportements difficiles rapporté par leurs parents est plus élevé que pour les autres groupes (N=96 pour les mères, N=61 pour les pères, pour les trois groupes réunis). En revanche leurs parents ressentent autant d'émotions positives envers leurenfant que ceux des autres groupes, ne sont pas plus stressés que les parents d'adolescents contrôles et présentent les mêmes patterns d'attachement que dans les autres groupes. Ensuite, une analyse de la covariance a montré qu'un des facteurs impliqué dans l'insécurité d'attachement est l'efficience intellectuelle. D'autre part, plus la séparation d'avec les parents à la naissance a été longue, plus grande est la sécurité d'attachement, ce qui témoigne d'une certaine forme de résilience. Finalement, le Reaction to Diagnosis Interview (Marvin & Pianta, 1996) a été utilisé pour la première fois en français lors d'entretiens avec les parents des adolescents porteurs de Trisomie 21, suite à quoi des pistes concernant l'annonce du diagnostic ont été proposées. / This study aims at creating a new tool for assessment of attachment based on a story completion task and photographs: the CHEAP (story completion for assessment of attachment with photos). This test is designed for people with intellectual disabilities, as it requires few abstraction abilities and little time. A simple and fast scoring procedure was made available with the help of an item response theory model (PCM; Wright & Masters, 1982). This instrument also showed goodpsychometric properties. As a second step, using the CHEAP led to the conclusion that teenagers living with Down dyndrome (N=26) and children from the control group (N=27) were more at risk of having insecure representations of attachment than control adolescents (N=64). This study also demonstrated that teenagers with Down Syndrome had more difficulties when they were taking intellectual ability and vocabulary tests and that the number of challenging behaviours reported by their parents was higher than in other groups (N=96 for mothers, N=61 fathers, for three groups altogether). On the other hand, their parents have as mamy positive feelings towards their children as parents of other groups, show the same level of stress as parents of control adolescents, and have the same patterns of attachment as parents from othergroups. Next, a covariance analysis was conducted: having an intellectual disability is one of the factors implicated in insecurity of attachment. Furthermore, the longer children were separated from their parents after birth, the more secure theyare later, which could be a proof of a certain resiliency. Finally, the Reaction to Diagnosis Interview (Marvin & Pianta, 1996) was proposed for the first time in the French language to parents of teenagers with Down Syndrome. This offered suggestions for possible improvements regarding announcement of the diagnosis.