Dans cet ouvrage sera décrite la synthèse de nouveaux analogues du sialyl Lewis X (sLex). A cet effet, nous avons préparé une librairie d’analogues synthétisée à partir d’une approche mettant en jeu un «espaceur» acyclique permettant d’avoir un biais conformationnel que nous avons défini comme la stratégie ATC-B. Nous avions déjà démontré que certains analogues portant un groupe benzoate en C-2 et en C-4 du galactose présentent une activité 50 fois supérieure à celle du sLex. Nous avions par ailleurs démontré qu’en l’absence du benzoate en C-2, l’activité devient alors trois fois plus faible. A présent, il paraissait interessant de synthétiser des analogues ayant seulement un groupe benzoate en C-4 pour evaluer l’impact de ce groupement sur la puissance de nos analogues. Par le passé, nous avions également mis en évidence le rôle des esters sur l’activité des analogues portant un «espaceur» acyclique dans le cadre de la stratégie ATC-B. Nous effectuerons donc des variations à ce niveau pour en évaluer l’impact. Enfin, nous avons préparé une nouvelle famille d’analogues de type dimère. Ceux-ci seront constitués de 2 unités des composés monomériques synthétisés précédemment. La synthèse de ces dimères fera l’emploi de la «Click Chemistry». Cette étude nous mènera a vous présenter la synthèse de ces composés et la méthodologie employée. / This work describes the synthesis of novel sialyl Lewis X (sLex) analogues. To this end, we have prepared a library of analogues by implementing a strategy that makes use of an Acyclic Tether which allows for defined Conformational Bias (ATCB strategy). We have previously shown that analogues bearing a benzoate group at both positions C-2 and C-4 of the galactose exert an activity 50-fold greater than that of sLex. Indeed, removing the benzoate at position C-4 while keeping the one at C-2 led to a three fold decrease in potency. We are currently preparing the corresponding analogues that have the benzoate only at position C-4 in order to fully evaluate its impact on the potency of the analogue. We have also previously elucidated the role of esters on the activity of analogues that have acyclic tether as part of the ATC-B strategy. Variations have been made at the level of the ester and their impact has been evaluated. Lastly, we have prepared a novel family of analogues consisting of two identical monomeric subunits linked together. Synthesis of these dimers was performed via «Click Chemistry». This study describes the synthesis of the compounds and the methodology employed.

Cette thèse s’attache à éclairer un objet peu investigué par la recherche à et sur Djibouti : les liens entre savoir et pouvoir dans un contexte où interagissent tradition pastorale de type nomade et non-tradition sédentaire d’origine coloniale. A partir de constats d’expérience et de l’hypothèse par eux suggérée que savoir et pouvoir ont des liens, elle examine, selon un cadre théorique multiréférentiel (au sens de Jacques Ardoino), et (entre autres sources) par une approche ethnographique précédée d’une démarche exploratoire par entretiens semi-directifs : l’éducation traditionnelle, l’éducation scolaire d’origine coloniale ainsi que l’impact de la scolarisation sur les rapports sociaux traditionnels. Elle met en lumière les configurations éducatives traditionnelles et repère des liens organisés par l’âge entre savoir non-écrit (savoir ancestral) et pouvoir. Elle pointe l’école et ses configurations éducatives où s’acquiert un savoir qui, selon une logique largement déconnectée de l’âge de ses bénéficiaires, confère du pouvoir. Elle montre que, dans le contexte colonial et postcolonial, la scolarisation, par le savoir qu’elle transmet et le pouvoir lié à ce savoir en termes de possibilités, impacte les rapports sociaux traditionnels. En effet, dans l’espace dominant qu’est la ville coloniale puis post-coloniale, les pasteurs autochtones scolarisés se retrouvent en position haute à l’égard de leurs compatriotes non-scolarisés, y compris lorsque ces derniers sont plus âgés qu’eux. C’est, par exemple, le cas à l’endroit de leurs propres parents si ceux-ci n’ont pas fréquenté l’école. Cela crée un renversement de situation par rapport au postulat traditionnel qui veut que le sujet soit plus ‘’sachant’’ que les moins âgés que lui et donc les parents plus ‘’sachants’’ que leurs enfants. Les résultats de la thèse apparaissent plutôt transposables dans des contextes comparables, notamment en Afrique. Enfin, sont repérés dans cette recherche, non sans quelque relation avec l’objet investigué, des phénomènes sociaux à l’oeuvre à Djibouti, et peut-être pas seulement à Djibouti : effets du changement climatique, une montée de la religiosité, une catachrèse des objets et lieux urbains par les pasteurs, une pratique sociale autour de la consommation du khat que nous appelons le khater, ou encore un sentiment de régression qui, en ville comme à la campagne, traverse les lieux de sociabilité. Ce sont là autant de perspectives intéressantes de recherche. / This thesis is aimed at clarifying a topic poorly investigated by research in and on Djibouti: the links between Knowledge and Power in a context where have been interacting nomadic pastoral tradition and non-tradition of colonial origin. From findings of experience and the hypothesis based on them that Knowledge and Power have links, the thesis examines, in a multi-referential theoretical framework (within the meaning of Jacques Ardoino), and (among other sources) through an ethnographic approach preceded by a semi-structured interview-based exploration: Traditional Education, School Education of colonial origin as well as the Impact of the Schooling on the Traditional Social Relations. It brings to light the Traditional Educational Configurations and reveals age-structured Links between non-written Knowledge (Ancestral Knowledge) and Power. It also points at School and its Educational Configurations where is acquired a Knowledge which, in a way widely disconnected from its recipients’ age, gives Power. It shows that, in the colonial and postcolonial context, Schooling, through the Knowledge it gives and the Power linked to this Knowledge in terms of opportunities, impacts Traditional Social Relations. In fact, in the dominant colonial and postcolonial urban area, i.e the town, the schooled pastoralists are in higher position compared to their non-schooled fellow natives, even if the latter are older than them. It’s, for example, the case toward their own parents if these have not attended school. This creates a reversal situation compared to the Traditional Pastoral Assumption that the Individual knows more than those younger than him and so do the parents with regard to their children. The results of the thesis appear rather transferrable into similar contexts, especially in Africa. Finally, are pointed at in this research, in some relation with the topic investigated, social phenomena at work in Djibouti, and perhaps not only in Djibouti: Climate change effects, Rise of religiosity, Catachresis of Urban Items and Places, a Social Practice around the Consumption of Khat that we call the Khating, or a Sense of Regression which is shared in rural and urban Places of Sociability. These are interesting directions of research.

Submitted by Ivandro Oliveira (professorivandrooliveira@gmail.com) on 2018-10-07T19:38:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - Ivandro de Almeida Oliveira (Versão FINAL de 07 10 2018).pdf: 2925486 bytes, checksum: 4e866ab69e37651ee4bdf137e7c3e559 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2018-10-29T17:37:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - Ivandro de Almeida Oliveira (Versão FINAL de 07 10 2018).pdf: 2925486 bytes, checksum: 4e866ab69e37651ee4bdf137e7c3e559 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-29T17:38:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - Ivandro de Almeida Oliveira (Versão FINAL de 07 10 2018).pdf: 2925486 bytes, checksum: 4e866ab69e37651ee4bdf137e7c3e559 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-28 / Objetivo - O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a participação de empresas financeiras em não-financeiras, direta ou indiretamente, seja pela participação de bancos e as empresas que compõem o conglomerado, mesmo as empresas de participação societária, as chamadas holdings, que não são empresas financeiras, ou através dos fundos de investimentos cujos os administradores e ou gestores são ligados a bancos. Metodologia – O delineamento da pesquisa teve o aspecto documental, pois foram analisadas as participações acionárias de todos os fundos de investimentos de administradores ligados aos cinco maiores bancos brasileiros (excetuamos o BNDES por não comercializar fundos de investimentos) através do sistema Quantum, da Paramita Tecnologia Consultoria Financeira e as composições acionárias das dez maiores empresas não-financeiras na composição do IBOVESPA em 28/12/2016, através do sistema Broadcast, do Jornal Estadão, buscando participações acionárias significativas dos seis maiores bancos brasileiros nestas dez maiores empresas não-financeiras, e para essas participações, seja de forma direta ou indireta, inclusive por meio de holdings, analisamos os indícios dos efeitos que possam ter desvirtuados as práticas da empresa participada das exercidas pelo mercado em que estão inseridas, que venham a causar danos para o segmento e para a economia nacional como um todo. Resultados – Evidenciamos a participação e influência significativa de empresas financeiras em não-financeiras, indicamos as brechas na atual legislação brasileira em vigor, contrastamos com o que houve e há na legislação dos Estados Unidos, por ser um país conhecido pelo seu mercado financeiro complexo e desenvolvido e sugerimos melhorias na legislação nacional, com o objetivo de impedir as participações e influências significativas de empresas financeiras em não-financeiras, que possam causar danos à economia nacional. Limitações – A amostra combinada de participações acionárias dos seis maiores bancos nas dez maiores empresas não-financeiras restringe o resultado a uma realidade voltada a empresas de grande porte e aos maiores grupos financeiros do Brasil, sem que sejam levadas em conta as demais realidades que podem ser exploradas em outras pesquisas. A pesquisa se limitou ao estudo das empresas não-financeiras cotadas em bolsa de valores. Também não analisamos os vieses políticos encontrados e que podem ter afetado a administração dessas empresas. Aplicabilidade do trabalho – A partir desses resultados, é possível uma análise fundamentada das brechas na atual legislação brasileira que possibilitam participações acionárias e influência significativa de grandes empresas financeiras em não-financeiras, de forma direta ou indireta, os danos causados à economia setorial e nacional, de forma que seja possível, com base nesse diagnóstico, alterar as leis e cessar as brechas existentes de forma que seja estancada as intervenções apontadas. Contribuições para a sociedade – Ao identificar focos de intervenção e constatar as brechas na legislação brasileira e traçar um paralelo com o que houve de similar nos Estados Unidos, este estudo contribui para o futuro aprimoramento da legislação envolvida e do funcionamento da economia nacional. / Purpose - The objective of this research is to analyze the participation of financial companies in nonfinancial, directly or indirectly, either by the participation of banks and other companies in conglomerate, even the holding companies, nonfinancial companies, or through investment funds whose managers and/or administrators are linked to banks. Design/Methodology - The research design had the documentary aspect, as we analyzed the equity of all the investment funds of administrators linked to the five largest Brazilian banks (except the BNDES for not marketing investment funds) through the Quantum system of Paramita Tecnologia Financial Consulting and shareholdings of the ten largest non-financial companies in the composition of IBOVESPA on 12/28/2016, through the Broadcast system of the Jornal Estadão, looking for significant shareholdings of the six largest Brazilian banks in these ten largest non-financial companies, and for these shareholdings, directly or indirectly, including through holding companies, we analyze the indications of the effects that may have distorted the practices of the investee company in those of the segment in which they are inserted, that may cause damages to that segment and to the national economy as a whole. Findings - We show the participation and significant influence of financial companies in non-financial companies, we indicate the gaps in current Brazilian legislation, we contrast with what has happened and there is in the United States legislation, because it is a country known for its complex financial market and developed and we suggest improvements in the national legislation, with the objective of preventing the participation and significant influence of financial companies in non-financial, that can cause damages to the national economy. Research limitations - The combined sample of equity of the six largest banks in the top 10 non-financial corporations restricts the result to a reality facing large companies and the largest financial groups in Brazil, without taking into account the other companies and biases that may be explored in other research. The research was limited to the study of non-financial companies listed on the stock exchange. We didn’t analyze the political biases encountered that may have affected the management of these companies. Practical implications - Based on these results, it is possible to analyze the gaps in the current Brazilian legislation that allow shareholdings and significant influence of large financial companies on non-financial, directly or indirectly, the damages caused to the sectorial and national economy, so that it is possible, on the basis of this diagnosis, to change the laws and cease existing gaps in order to stop the interventions mentioned. Social implications - By identifying intervention centers and finding gaps in Brazilian legislation and drawing a parallel with what was similar in the United States, this study contributes to the future improvement of the legislation involved and the functioning of the national economy.

A Educação Ambiental - EA - é uma área emergente do saber. Muitas das atividades desenvolvidas em EA, ainda carecem de metodologias e práticas mais definidas, devido a própria natureza reflexiva e aberta desse campo educacional. Com o fim de avaliar a EA na educação formal nos dois diferentes níveis do ensino básico - ensino fundamental e médio, do município de São Carlos, estado de São Paulo, o presente trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico realizado através do levantamento de informações junto aos órgãos da educação pública, escolas e universidades sobre o desenvolvimento de projetos, programas, disciplinas e instrumentos em educação ambiental aplicado nas escolas públicas. A região de São Carlos destaca-se dentro do estado de São Paulo nas atividades voltadas às questões ambientais, tendo como um relevante indicativo o envolvimento em projetos ambientais de organizações civis de interesses públicos (ONG\'s, OSCIPS etc), universidades governamentais e não governamentais e do núcleo de educação ambiental da bacia do Alto Jacaré-Guaçu. Em função desta demanda, torna-se indispensável a existência de um diagnóstico capaz de orientar e fomentar iniciativas e ações a serem desenvolvidas em EA, pautadas em dados reais que subsidiem e contextualizem na realidade local os objetivos e diretrizes de um programa educacional. O diagnóstico realizado foi sistematizado através de questionários e entrevistas durante os meses de setembro de 2001 e abril de 2002, junto às 27escolas estaduais do ensino fundamental e médio e 08 escolas municipais do ensino fundamental do município de São Carlos - SP. A análise exploratória dos resultados da pesquisa foi baseada em estatística descritiva. A metodologia empregada procurou compor um censo diagnóstico de caráter investigativo e analítico, realizado em etapas rigorosamente implementadas, favorecendo a verificação dos processos educacionais desenvolvidos no âmbito escolar que envolveram a EA em suas práticas pedagógicas, bem como o grau de envolvimento com os demais segmentos de uma sociedade, como a são-carlense, que se destaca nacionalmente em educação, ciência e tecnologia. Os resultados mostraram que a inserção da temática ambiental no currículo escolar ainda é bastante tímida e insipiente, e carece de um suporte mais efetivo não só do ponto de vista da legislação, mas principalmente da busca de motivações dos profissionais da educação e das políticas públicas locais, que devem mostrar-se mais comprometidas com uma prática pedagógica particularmente preocupada com as questões sócio-ambientais. O diagnóstico ainda visou contribuir com a construção da agenda 21 do município de São Carlos, dentro do cenário de políticas públicas na área da Educação que inclua a temática ambiental com enfoque no desenvolvimento sustentável. / The Environmental Education - EE - is an emergent area of knowledge. A lot of activities developed in EE are still lacking in more definite methodologies and practices, due to the own reflex and open nature of this educational field. Aiming to value the EE at formal education in the two different levels of basic education - primary and secondary education, of Sao Carlos city, state of Sao Paulo, the present work shows a diagnosis carried out through the survey of information together with public education bureaus, schools and universities, about projects development, programs, subjects and instruments in environmental education applied at public schools. The region of Sao Carlos stands out, inside the state of Sao Paulo, at activities turned to environmental questions. An important indicator of this involvement are environmental projects of civil organization (ONG - Non-Government Organization, OSCIP - Civil Society of Public Interest Organization, etc), government and non-government universities, and of the núcleo de educação ambiental da bacia do Alto Jacaré-Guaçu (Nucleus of Environmental Education of Alto Jacaré-Guaçu Basin). Due to this demand, it becomes indispensable the existence of a diagnosis capable of advising and stimulating initiatives and actions to be developed in EE, based on real data that subsidize and give context at the local reality the objectives and directives of an educational program. The carried out diagnosis was organized through questionnaires and interviews on September, 2001 and April, 2002, together with 27 state schools from primary and secondary education and 08 municipal schools from primary education of Sao Carlos city - SP. The analysis exploration of research results was based on descriptive statistics. The applied methodology tried to make a diagnosis census of investigative and analytic character, elaborated in strictly implemented steps, favoring the checking of developed educational processes in school scope, that involved the EE in their pedagogical practices , as well as the involvement degree with other segments of a society, as from Sao Carlos, which stands out, nationally, in education, science and technology. The results showed that the inclusion of environmental subject matter in school curriculum is still enough shy, lacking a more effective support, not only from the legislation point of view, but mainly from the search of motivation of the education professionals and local public polices, that must show themselves more compromised with a pedagogical practice particularly worried about social-environmental issues. The diagnosis had still aimed to contribute to the construction of agenda 21 of Sao Carlos city, inside the setting of public polices in education field which includes the environmental subject matter, with focus on supporting development.

This document aims on presentation of energy audit of water networks. Its focus is to introduce the method of solving the energy audit of water networks. It characterizes the water networks performance using context and efficiency indicators. It consists of theoretical description of mathematical approach to the problem. It describes different kinds of energies participating in water distribution process and also presents energy indicators which describe energetic efficiency of water networks. Last but not least it shows the possibilities of accomplishment the energy audit of water network on numerical example. Then we can find the assessment of each of indicators and kinds of energies. Context indicators describe topography of water network and efficiency indicators show how efficient in terms of using input energy is the behavior of the water networks. The case application of the approach of solving energy audit of water networks as well as indicators assessment can be found in the last part of the thesis. This thesis brings basic overview of the approach to the solution of energy audit of water networks. May it help the future application of the energy audit of water networks in the Czech Republic.

Le transport de la lumière permet de simuler physiquement le movement de photons dans un environnement virtuel. En rendu d’images, la lumière se propage une dernière fois vers un capteur virtuel la transformant en une image, affichée pour un observateur. Durant ce voyage la lumière peut être analysée fréquentiellement pour comprendre ses variations spatiales et angulaires afin d’accélerer le rendu. La génération d’images réalistes a subit de grandes avancées au cours des dernières années, réduisant l’écart entre simulation et réalité. Cependant les contraintes en terme de performance et de mémoire empêchent toujours aux applications interactives et en temps-réel de bénéficier des effets de rendu les plus complexes. Pour cela, les moteurs de rendu professionels modernes dépendent toujours de méthodes de pré-calculation de données et de procédures asynchrones de traitement. Cette thèse par article présente deux projets traitant du transport de la lumière à travers une perspective fréquentielle dans le contexte d’applications interactives et en temps-réel. Nous proposons premièrement une méthode pour réutiliser efficacement le calcul préalable de chemins de lumière par méthode Monte Carlo pour des séquences animées. Nous prenons avantage de l’analyse fréquentielle du transport de la lumière réalisée dans des travaux antérieurs, étendue ici à l’échantillonement et reconstruction spatial, angulaire et temporel. Notre seconde méthode pré-calcule le transport de la lumière à travers les volumes participatifs jusqu’aux surfaces, que nous encodons comme réponse impulsive. Cet opérateur compacte et efficace nous permet d’accélerer le transport à travers des volumes jusqu’aux surfaces dans le contexte de diffusion multiple dans des conditions arbitraires de média participatifs. / Light transport is the method of physically simulating the movement of photons in an environment. Applied to rendering, light travels one last time to a virtual sensor that captures it as an image displayed to an observer. As it travels, light is analysable frequentially to understand how it varies spatially and angularly to accelerate rendering. Recent advances in physically-based realistic rendering have been closing the gap between reality and simulation but the memory and performance costs still preclude the inclusion of the more computationally expensive effects in interactive and real-time applications. Because of this, modern production renderers rely on the ahead-of-time precomputation of data for efficient reuse in the form of offline computational processes and asynchronously distributed procedures. This thesis by publication investigates with two papers the simulation of light transport from a frequency-based perspective for interactive and precomputed real-time applications. We first propose a method for efficiently reusing light path computations over time in interactive Monte Carlo path-traced animation sequences. We leverage to this end the frequency analysis of light transport introduced in previous works, extended to spatial, angular and temporal sampling and reconstruction. Our second method investigates the precomputation of participating volume-to-surface light transport as impulse responses, a compact and efficient frequency-based transport operator. In turn, these operators accelerate by orders of magnitude the computation of multi-scattered volume-to-surface transport in arbitrary, potentially heterogeneous media conditions.

The purpose of the research is to explore social workers' listening skills pertaining to listening as communication skill during an experimental social work interview. The research methodology comprised unique application of a social work interview. A sample of five participating social workers was invited to listen to a video recording of a social work interview requesting them to identify information presented by the client through observation and listening by applying a set of predetermined theoretical conversation elements. The participation and involvement of participating social workers during the listening experiment was video recorded for subsequent evaluation. The conclusion reached from research findings indicates that the unique approach adopted by participating social workers' achieved mixed results towards hypothetic assistance offered to the experimental client. The researcher recommends that social workers be developed and trained in the art of maintaining effective listening skills during social work interviews to improve assistance to clients. / Social Work / M. A. (Social Work)

Der Strahlungstransport stellt eine von drei Arten des Wärmetransports zwischen Gebieten unterschiedlicher Temperatur dar. Eine der einfachsten Formen bildet der Strahlungstransport im Vakuum, ein Vorgang, der im kosmischen Umfeld, beispielsweise bei der Energieübertragung von einem Stern auf seine Planeten, beobachtbar ist. Hierbei ist es hinreichend, sich auf die Betrachtung von Oberflächen zu beschränken. Strahlungstransport kann jedoch auch in semitransparenten Medien, wie biologischem Gewebe oder Glas, beobachtet werden. Das Medium, in dem der Strahlungstransport erfolgt, wirkt sich durch Vorgänge wie Absorption, Emission, Reflexion oder Streuung auf den Strahlungstransport aus. Für die Modellierung des Strahlungstransports in einem solchen Umfeld können verschiedene Modelle, darunter das Strahlenmodell, genutzt werden. Dieses Modell beschreibt den Wärmetransport anhand einer skalaren Größe, die Strahlungsintensität genannt wird. Betrachtet wird die Strahlungsintensität in diesem Modell entlang eines Strahls in eine vorgegebene Richtung. Die mathematische Darstellung des Strahlenmodells des Strahlungstransports in partizipierenden Medien führt auf eine richtungsabhängige Integro-Differentialgleichung. Ist die Richtungsabhängigkeit nicht von Interesse, so kann der Übergang zu einer winkelintegrierten Form erfolgen. Dieser Übergang führt schließlich auf ein System schwach singulärer fredholmscher Integralgleichungen zweiter Art. Dieses charakterisiert nun nicht mehr die erwähnte Strahlungsintensität, sondern beschreibt die sogenannte Einstrahlung sowie den Strahlungsfluss. Das System singulärer Integralgleichungen kann mittels eines Galerkin-Ansatzes numerisch gelöst werden. Geht man von einer hinreichenden Glattheit des Randes aus, kann die Kompaktheit des Operators der Integralgleichungen gezeigt werden. Dies wiederum erlaubt Rückschlüsse auf die Existenz und Eindeutigkeit einer Lösung. Ein Augenmerk bei der Ermittlung der Galerkin-Näherung ist auf die Bestimmung der singulären Integrale der Galerkin-Diskretisierung zu richten. Für die Bestimmung multidimensionaler, singulärer Integrale stellt die Arbeit das Verfahren der hierarchischen Integration vor. Basierend auf einer Zerlegung des Integrationsgebietes, erfolgt die Beschreibung singulärer Integrale durch ein Gleichungssystem, dessen rechte Seite nur von regulären Integralen abhängig ist. Können diese regulären Integrale sowie die Lösung des Gleichungssystems exakt bestimmt werden, so sind auch die singulären Integrale exakt bestimmt. Bei einer numerischen Bestimmung der regulären Integrale ist die Fehlerordnung ausschlaggebend für den Fehler der singulären Integrale. Als Integrationsgebiete werden Hyperwürfel beliebiger Dimension sowie Simplizes bis einschließlich Dimension 3 als Integrationsgebiete betrachtet. Als Voraussetzungen an den Kern des Doppelintegrals sind nur die Eigenschaften der Translationsinvarianz sowie der Homogenität zu richten. Kann ein nicht translationsinvarianter oder nicht homogener Kern eines Integrals in Summanden zerlegt werden, die selbst translationsinvariant und homogen sind, ist auch die Bestimmung solcher Integrale möglich. Darüber hinaus stellt die Arbeit Verbindungen zu dem Begriff des Hadamard partie finie her. Auf diese Weise lässt sich das Verfahren der hierarchischen Integration für beliebige Dimensionen und beliebige Singularitätsordnungen anwenden. Die Strahlungstransportgleichung ist im Allgemeinen mittels eines Galerkin-Ansatzes lösbar, führt jedoch auf eine voll besetzte Systemmatrix. Numerische Beispiele beleuchten daher Methoden der Matrixkompression mittels hierarchischer Matrizen sowie der direkten Erzeugung schwach besetzter Matrizen über regulären Gittern und Gittern mit hängenden Knoten und skizziert Ansätze zur Parallelisierung auf entsprechenden Computersystemen.

Submitted by Rafaela Moraes (rafaela.moraes@fgv.br) on 2016-09-02T19:15:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo_Braga_De_Vincenzi_Dissertacao_Final_Mestrado_Adm_Publica_FGV_Ebape.pdf: 799777 bytes, checksum: d003e163ee8789cf0175e8a4b5b12065 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafaela Moraes (rafaela.moraes@fgv.br) on 2016-09-02T19:16:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo_Braga_De_Vincenzi_Dissertacao_Final_Mestrado_Adm_Publica_FGV_Ebape.pdf: 799777 bytes, checksum: d003e163ee8789cf0175e8a4b5b12065 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafaela Moraes (rafaela.moraes@fgv.br) on 2016-09-02T19:17:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo_Braga_De_Vincenzi_Dissertacao_Final_Mestrado_Adm_Publica_FGV_Ebape.pdf: 799777 bytes, checksum: d003e163ee8789cf0175e8a4b5b12065 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T19:18:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo_Braga_De_Vincenzi_Dissertacao_Final_Mestrado_Adm_Publica_FGV_Ebape.pdf: 799777 bytes, checksum: d003e163ee8789cf0175e8a4b5b12065 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Paralelamente ao surgimento da gestão estratégica, emerge no cenário nacional um novo enfoque administrativo: a gestão social. E o planejamento urbano é uma das áreas da administração pública que mais pode beneficiar-se desse modelo de tomada de decisão. A Lei do Estatuto da Cidade estabelece um conjunto de regras para a ordenação do uso do solo urbano, e obriga os municípios com mais de 20 mil habitantes a apresentar um Plano Diretor. Ela traz, entre outras novidades legislativas, a gestão social e a função social da propriedade, repercutindo sob aspectos como, dentre outros, o econômico, o político, o social e o ambiental. O Brasil – até há poucas décadas basicamente um país agrário – passou por um acelerado processo de urbanização, com a migração de trabalhadores oriundos do campo. Até então, o planejamento urbano era feito por uma estrutura burocrática centralizada, autoritária, e com interesses sobretudo especulativos e econômicos. Em decorrência, ocorreram um crescimento desordenado da população de baixa renda na área urbana, bem como uma acentuada proliferação de atividades urbanas informais. O presente trabalho analisa, brevemente e de forma geral, como a implementação da gestão social pelo Estatuto da Cidade e o Plano Diretor alteram essa realidade, e como ela pode influenciar o desenvolvimento e o planejamento urbano carioca. / In parallel to strategic management, a new administrative approach emerges in the national scene: the social management. Urban planning is one of the areas of the public administration that can best be benefited from this model of decision-making. The City Statute Law establishes a set of rules aiming at urban land utilization. It makes compulsory the presentation of a Director Plan by all municipalities with more than twenty thousand inhabitants. This brings, among other legislative innovations, social management and the social function of property, with repercussions in several aspects such as, among others, economic, political, social and environmental conditions. Brazil – basically an agrarian country up to a few decades ago – went through a fast urbanization process due to workers migration from rural areas. The urban planning used to be carried out by a bureaucratic, centralized, authoritative structure, mainly with speculative and economic interests. As a result, a disorderedly low income population growth came up to urban areas with striking proliferation of informal urban activities. This paper analyses briefly and in a general view how implementation of social management through the City Statute Law and the Director Plan is changing this situation and how it may influence urban development and planning in Rio de Janeiro City.

The purpose of the research is to explore social workers' listening skills pertaining to listening as communication skill during an experimental social work interview. The research methodology comprised unique application of a social work interview. A sample of five participating social workers was invited to listen to a video recording of a social work interview requesting them to identify information presented by the client through observation and listening by applying a set of predetermined theoretical conversation elements. The participation and involvement of participating social workers during the listening experiment was video recorded for subsequent evaluation. The conclusion reached from research findings indicates that the unique approach adopted by participating social workers' achieved mixed results towards hypothetic assistance offered to the experimental client. The researcher recommends that social workers be developed and trained in the art of maintaining effective listening skills during social work interviews to improve assistance to clients. / Social Work / M. A. (Social Work)