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Charged particle accelerators often have strict requirements on the beam energy, and timing to calibrate, or control background processes. Longitudinal Phase Space Tomography is a technique developed in 1987 to visualize the time, and energy coordinates of a beam. With non-invasive detectors, the beam can be visualized at any point during operation of a synchrotron. With the progress of computing power over the last 27 years, it is now possible to compute tomographic reconstructions in real time accelerator operations for many bunches around the accelerator ring. This thesis describes a real-time, multi-bunch tomography system developed and implemented in Fermilab's Main Injector and Recycler Rings, and a study of bunch growth when crossing transition. Implications of these studies for high intensity operation of the Fermilab accelerators are presented. / text

<p>The annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), accumulated in gravitational potentials (e.g., the core of the Earth, the Sun or the Galactic halo) would lead to neutrino production. This thesis investigates the possibility of searching for WIMPs in the form of the lightest supersymmetric particle (neutralino) trapped in the Sun using the AMANDA-II neutrino telescope. AMANDA-II is a large Cherenkov detector located deep in the ice at the geographical South Pole. The presented work is based on data taken during the year 2001. An analysis optimized to search for the neutralino-induced flux from the Sun has been developed. The observation of no excess with respect to the expected atmospheric neutrino background has been interpreted as an upper limit on the neutralino annihilation rate in the Sun and on the neutralino-induced muon flux in the vicinity of the detector.</p>

<p>The nature of the dark matter in the Universe is one of the greatest mysteries in modern astronomy. The neutralino is a nonbaryonic dark matter candidate in minimal supersymmetric extensions to the standard model of particle physics. If the dark matter halo of our galaxy is made up of neutralinos some would become gravitationally trapped inside massive bodies like the Earth. Their pair-wise annihilation produces neutrinos that can be detected by neutrino experiments looking in the direction of the centre of the Earth.</p><p>The AMANDA neutrino telescope, currently the largest in the world, consists of an array of light detectors buried deep in the Antarctic glacier at the geographical South Pole. The extremely transparent ice acts as a Cherenkov medium for muons passing the array and using the timing information of detected photons it is possible to reconstruct the muon direction.</p><p>A search has been performed for nearly vertically upgoing neutrino induced muons with AMANDA-B10 data taken over the three year period 1997-99. No excess above the atmospheric neutrino background expectation was found. Upper limits at the 90 % confidence level has been set on the annihilation rate of neutralinos at the centre of the Earth and on the muon flux induced by neutrinos created by the annihilation products.</p>

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We study light hadron phenomenology using Lattice QCD. We focus on the calculations of the light pseudoscalar quantities: masses, decay constants and B-parameters; in particular the calculation of the Kaon B-parameter, BK, which when combined with experimental results yields a constraint of the unitarity triangle apex. We describe a calculation with 2+1 dynamical flavours of Domain Wall Fermions on two lattice volumes, with a lattice spacing a = 0:1 fm. The Iwasaki gauge action was used with coupling beta = 2:13 and the extent of the fifth dimension was Ls = 16. Following a brief review of continuum QCD and Lattice QCD we describe the Domain Wall formalism and the lattice methods used to calculate physical quantities. We present results from the two simulations and make comparisons with next-to-leading order chiral perturbation theory. We study the region of validity of chiral perturbation theory and calculate the associated low energy constants. We find these to agree with phenomenological estimates and other lattice calculations. We calculate the physical decay constants and find them to be in relatively good agreement with experimental values. We present a renormalised value for BK which includes systematic error estimates.