The goal of this thesis is to map a theme, which has not been systematically explored enough by Czech linguists so far. It deals with the material of the Prague Spoken Corpus (PSC), which contains a series of records of authentic spoken language. The thesis presents primarily a comprehensive description of particles, which can be found in the PSC, their semantic classes based on their real occurrence in the natural speech context. It further describes their collocability and syntagmatic relations, including their valency, thus more adequately explains their function in the commonly spoken language. Attention is also paid to their frequency and preferred use within the scope of particular combinations of sociolinguistic parameters, i.e. four variables (sex, age, education and type of discourse) which determined the selection of speakers on recordings to make their combinations as balanced as possible. Some particles are homonymous with other parts of speech - the extent of homonymy and its context dependency just as the processes of particulization are described in the contextual usage of particles and adverbs. The results in terms of the frequency of usage were compared with the frequency of occurrence in the written corpus SYN2005. The presentation of particles in dictionaries of Czech language was...

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely studied as a targeting moiety to CD44 overexpressing cancer cells. Various types of nanoparticles (NPs) were modified by HA. Virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from mouse polyomavirus are an interesting class of NPs that can be modified by various targeting agents to increase their potential as gene or drug delivery vehicles for e.g. theragnostic purposes. HA has not been tested as a targeting moiety on VLPs, hence this was the focus of the current study. HA (~14 kDa) was attached to the VLPs via a bispecific Bodipy-derived fluorescent probe. To test the targeting potential of HA on comparable non-viral NPs, nanodiamonds were prepared in a similar manner. NPs functionalized with HA, together with Bodipy-labeled control variants, were tested on interactions with MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing CD44. The NP-cell interaction via CD44 was assessed by a competitive cell-binding assay, where non-labeled HA competed for HA-binding sites at CD44 with the NPs. CD44 specific cell interactions were detected in studies with HA functionalized nanodiamonds, whereas VLP-HA* associated with cells in a less specific manner. Control VLPs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) did not interact with the cells. Results indicate that the HA targeting strategy for the VLPs requires optimization to...