The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between Chlamydia trachomatis reinfection rates of Puerto Rican adolescents and failure to follow the retesting protocol, failure of sexual partners to receive treatment, and failure to participate in the sexual orientation program about risk factors. Secondary data analysis, from a historical prospective study from the Health Department of Puerto Rico, was used in this study. Data analysis was restricted to adolescents 15 to 19-years-old who had a positive chlamydia result and reinfection pattern since January 2008 through December 2012. Multiple logistic regression analyses were run to predict Chlamydia trachomatis reinfection. Results showed a statistically significant association association between Chlamydia trachomatis reinfection and not having followed the retesting protocol (OR=1.243, 95% CI 1.089-2.930, p-value 0.038). A statistically significant association association was found between Chlamydia trachomatis reinfection and sexual partners having not received treatment (OR=1.713, 95% CI 0.761-2.024, p-value 0.029). A statistically significant association was found between Chlamydia trachomatis reinfection and having not participated in the Puerto Rico Department of Health's sexual orientation program (OR=1.243, 95% CI 0.762-2.026, p-value 0.034). The contribution to social change is identifying factors significantly associated with Chlamydia trachomatis reinfection. Study findings provide useful guidance for clinicians and public health professionals on how to reduce Chlamydia trachomatis reinfection rates among at risk Puerto Rican adolescents.

Thesis (MPH.) --University of Limpopo, 2013 / Setting: The study was undertaken in St Rita’s Hospital, a district hospital for healthin Makhuduthamaga Municipality, Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province. The purpose of the study was to describe client experiences of HIV-positive post-disclosure tosexual partners at St Rita’s Hospital, Limpopo Province. A qualitative, descriptive and phenomenological design was used. Purposive sampling was used to select 15 HIV- positive clients to participate in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection until saturation was reached. Data analysis was done using Techs open-coding method. Research findings: The study found that most of the clients were shocked and worried after testing HIV-positive. Participants whose sexual partners were aware that they were sick, indicated their wish to test and to immediately disclose their HIV-positive status. The study identified that some women found it difficult to disclose their HIV-positive status to sexual partners and continued to have unprotected sex in spite of ongoing counselling and support provided at the clinic. Some women participants who disclosed to sexual partners were accepted and some were rejected by sexual partners. Some women who disclosed their HIV-positive status to sexual partners were unable to motivate sexual partners to be counselled together and have mutual disclosure. These participants therefore continued to have unprotected sex with sexual partners and some became pregnant as sexual partners indicated that they tested HIV-negative elsewhere and were not keen to use condoms. Female participants did not indicate the use of female condoms as part of their responsibility to prevent transmission of HIV. Implications, recommendations and conclusions: The barriers which female participants face to disclose their HIV-positive status to sexual partners and not being able to insist on the use condoms may contribute to a high rate of HIV transmission and disease incidence. There should be establishment of consortiums at community level to provide quality support and follow up to clients who face challenges or fear to disclose their HIV-positive status to sexual partners. KEYWORDS • Clients’ experiences • Disclosure • Experiences, • Sexual partner • HIV-positive

This thesis examines why law firms are organised as they are. It develops a theoretical framework of reflexive archetype theory which is constructed from structuring theory (Ranson, Hinings and Greenwood 1980), archetype theory (Hinings and Greenwood 1988), and circuits of power theory (Clegg 1989). It emphasises the reflexivity and integration of the process of organising within law firms. Empirical data are collected from fifteen Sydney law firms and interpreted within reflexive archetype theory. These data confirm the reflexivity and integration of elements within law firms that are theoretically postulated. A research agenda is developed and the contributions of the thesis to the field of organisational analysis are enumerated. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om revisionsplikten för små och mikro AB bör finnas kvar eller inte. Inom den Europeiska Unionen (EU) är det endast Sverige och Malta som i nuläget har plikten kvar fullt ut. För att få en uppfattning om vad debatten handlar om har vi i första hand studerat aktuella artiklar. Vi har även använt oss av två olika forskarrapporter inom området och litteratur. Åsikter i debatten har vi även tagit del av genom sju stycken olika intervjuer med anställda hos banker, Skatteverket, revisionsbyråer och ägare i små och mikro AB. Genom vår studie har vi kommit fram till att fördelar med en revisionsplikt är att den fungerar som ett kontrollinstrument för intressenter och bidrar till en kvalitetsstämpel för bolagen. Vi har dock sett att det viktigaste inte är själva plikten, utan revisionen i sig. De främsta intressenterna av revision är kreditgivarna och dessa kommer troligtvis att kunna kräva reviderat material, även om plikten avskaffas. Med andra ord är inte kreditgivarna beroende av en revisionsplikt. Vi anser därför att det är bättre att revision är självvald. Detta tror vi bidrar till en ökad status för revisorn och en högre kvalitetsstämpel för revisionen i sig.</p> / <p>The purpose with this paper is to examine whether the audit duty for small and micro joint stock companies should be in existence or not. Within the European Union (EU) it´s only Sweden and Malta who now a days still has the duty fully in existence. To get an apprehension on what the debate is about have we first of all studied current articles. We have also used two different sciencesreports within the subject and literature. We have also taking part of opionions in the debate through seven different interviews with employees at banks, tax authorities, firms of accountants and owners in small and micro joint stock companies. Through our study we have seen that the advantages with an auditduty is that it works as a controlinstrument for partners and contribute to an qualitystamp for the companies. We have although seen that the most important isn´t the duty, but instead the audit it self. The leading partners of audit is the creditgivers and they will probably be able to demand audited material anyway, even if the duty abolish. With other words, the creditgivers, is not depended on a auditduty. Our opinion is therefore that it´s better if audit is self-chosen. We think that it contributes to an increased status for the auditor and a higher qualitystamp for the audit it self.</p>

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om revisionsplikten för små och mikro AB bör finnas kvar eller inte. Inom den Europeiska Unionen (EU) är det endast Sverige och Malta som i nuläget har plikten kvar fullt ut. För att få en uppfattning om vad debatten handlar om har vi i första hand studerat aktuella artiklar. Vi har även använt oss av två olika forskarrapporter inom området och litteratur. Åsikter i debatten har vi även tagit del av genom sju stycken olika intervjuer med anställda hos banker, Skatteverket, revisionsbyråer och ägare i små och mikro AB. Genom vår studie har vi kommit fram till att fördelar med en revisionsplikt är att den fungerar som ett kontrollinstrument för intressenter och bidrar till en kvalitetsstämpel för bolagen. Vi har dock sett att det viktigaste inte är själva plikten, utan revisionen i sig. De främsta intressenterna av revision är kreditgivarna och dessa kommer troligtvis att kunna kräva reviderat material, även om plikten avskaffas. Med andra ord är inte kreditgivarna beroende av en revisionsplikt. Vi anser därför att det är bättre att revision är självvald. Detta tror vi bidrar till en ökad status för revisorn och en högre kvalitetsstämpel för revisionen i sig. / The purpose with this paper is to examine whether the audit duty for small and micro joint stock companies should be in existence or not. Within the European Union (EU) it´s only Sweden and Malta who now a days still has the duty fully in existence. To get an apprehension on what the debate is about have we first of all studied current articles. We have also used two different sciencesreports within the subject and literature. We have also taking part of opionions in the debate through seven different interviews with employees at banks, tax authorities, firms of accountants and owners in small and micro joint stock companies. Through our study we have seen that the advantages with an auditduty is that it works as a controlinstrument for partners and contribute to an qualitystamp for the companies. We have although seen that the most important isn´t the duty, but instead the audit it self. The leading partners of audit is the creditgivers and they will probably be able to demand audited material anyway, even if the duty abolish. With other words, the creditgivers, is not depended on a auditduty. Our opinion is therefore that it´s better if audit is self-chosen. We think that it contributes to an increased status for the auditor and a higher qualitystamp for the audit it self.

Den Svenska modellen har gått från en omfattande lagregleringsreform på 70-talet, till ett stadigt tillstånd där bland annat rättigheter så som förenings- och förhandlingsrätt, rätten till information samt fredsplikt skyddas genom kollektivavtal. Sveriges medlemskap i Europeiska unionen innebär att staten har överfört beslutsmakt till unionen och dess institutioner, vilket gör att unionen har en överstatlig karaktär där unionsrätten går före nationell rätt vid en konfliktsituation. Genom Sveriges medlemskap i Europeiska unionen har den Svenska modellen och framför allt kollektivavtalens ställning fått en annan betydelse. En av orsaken till detta att de svenska kollektivavtalen inte uppfyller unionens krav vid implementering av direktiv, då direktiven skall omfatta alla arbetstagare och arbetsgivare. Kollektivavtalen i Sverige binder endast de parter som avtalet är slutet mellan. Då kollektivavtalen inte kan användas som ett implementeringsinstrument måste Sverige implementera direktiv från unionen genom lagstiftning, som då inbegriper alla parter på arbetsmarknaden. Det medför en ökad lagstiftningsprocess, som innebär att beslutsbefogenheterna tas från arbetsmarknadsparterna och ges till staten. Inom många länder i Europa används så kallade allmängiltiga kollektivavtal. Dessa kollektivavtal förklaras allmängiltiga av en myndighet i berört land, och inbegriper alla på arbetsmarknaden inom exempelvis en region. Denna typ av kollektivavtal återfinns inte Sverige. Det är dock en av mina slutsatser i denna uppsats, att använda sig av allmängiltiga kollektivavtal i Sverige skulle kunna innebära en upprätthållning av den Svenska modellen och kollektivavtalens status.

Pharmaceutical companies experience new challenges in the face of steadily increasing costs for drug production coupled with a decrease in the number of approved drugs. While the pharmaceutical industry remains tentative in Sweden, it is extensively growing in China. Chinese businesses are now on the lookout for foreign experience and know-how in production and R&amp;D. This provides an opportunity for both parties to engage in strategic alliances. Nevertheless, strategic alliances present risks that partner firms need to be aware of. This study investigates how Swedish pharmaceuticals can manage perceived risks when cooperating with Chinese pharmaceutical firms. Through academic journals, two main mechanisms were identified as being of particular influence in the management of perceived risk: trust and control. A qualitative study of nine interviews was conducted in order to determine how Swedish pharmaceutical companies manage risk when engaging in strategic alliances with Chinese partners. Six men and women employed in three different pharmaceutical companies were interviewed along with three experts from the industry. The empirical investigation results in a description of a sequence of trust-enhancing activities and control mechanisms. Network and communication are found to be essential trust-enhancing activities, enabled by a Chinese employee. The study conclusively determines that a Chinese connector is the key in the management of perceived risk.

Standard employment definitions have begun to change with the impact of globalization and new concepts such as part-time work, freelance, on-call work, temporary work, fixed-term labour contracts have started to be demanded in the labour market. These new definitions which were determined in order to keep pace with new competitive market environment paved the way of new trends in various countries. Flexicurity is one of these trends which is mostly favoured in European Union agenda. The purpose of this thesis is to study whether flexicurity is suitable for Turkish labour market or not while analyzing structure of it as well as Turkish labour market legislations with perceptions of social partners on flexicurity, which has been started to be argued with the accession process of Turkey to the European Union. The thesis observes that there is no homogenous system of flexicurity for European welfare states and if Turkey is analyzed in this framework it takes place in the Mediterranean Welfare Systems of flexicurity paradigm. Some policy recommendations necessary to make flexicurity suitable for Turkish labour market are also given in order to contribute to the conclusion part.

The adolescence, the stage between childhood and adulthood, is the transitional period for the youth to march toward maturity. The teenagers at this stage are facing some obvious changes of both physical and mental aspects. For example, their bodies begin to have apparent differences, and they start to be curious about their future. It¡¦s very important to teach the teenagers at this stage the correct concepts and offer them opportunities to learn to be adults. The quality of adolescent education is also an index of future development of a country. As we see today, our society suffers from problems like family structure incompletion, family violence, dropout, juvenile delinquency, sexual abuse and sex transaction, etc. These problems may harm our teenagers or lead them to commit crimes. Therefore, the society has the responsibility to offer a safe and warm place for teenagers who lost their parents or have been misled. It¡¦s a place for them to correct errors and make a fresh start. This research is a study on an organization named ¡§House of Grace¡X Angel House.¡¨ It¡¦s a place established by the local government and the nonprofit organization for dropout girls. Social Affairs Bureau of Kaohsiung City Government work with Department of Education of Kaohsiung County Government to set up a cooperative halfway home for the dropouts and provides the place and budget for living. The thesis applied qualitative research method including document analysis and in-depth interviews to study the strategic alliance between the local government and the nonprofit organization. The thesis analyzed the goal, period, content, model, and contract of the alliance. It also reveals the effort they made and showed strong concern for adolescent delinquency problems. Besides, the thesis brought up the pros and cons of the alliance as a reference for both parties to set up new contracts for future cooperation. The result showed that becoming strategic alliance and building partner relationship with local government are the key factors for nonprofit organizations¡¦ survival and development. Angel House heavily depends on government. Government provides subsidies for its facilities and also offers professional consultancies. On the other hand, the government also needs the support from the NGO to work together for social welfare. The thesis suggested that nonprofit organizations should try to reverse the stereotype as a disadvantaged group which the society perceived. They must adopt marketing activities and connect with the citizens. In addition to the governments, they should cooperate with enterprises and seek more resources. By their passion for work and life, the nonprofit organizations will bring more love and care to society.

The Association of American Colleges and Universities considers internships as one of several “High Impact Educational Practices.” While these experiential learning exercises are not new, there are resurgent calls for universities to help students find and engage in more internship experiences before completion of their undergraduate degrees. At the same time, however, the US Department of Labor has strict guidelines as to what constitutes “internships” and what constitutes “unfair labor practices.” While there is a history of the private and public sectors creating internships for students in professional-degree programs and business schools, a need exists for more internships for humanities students—particularly English and writing students. This dissertation examines considerations for faculty members working with English majors to develop internship initiatives with structures that have pedagogical foci and follow the US Department of Labor internship guidelines. Using a case study approach, this project examines the growth of Georgia State University’s English Department internship program over the past twenty years. Through exploration into the opportunities, locations, and structures relevant to an urban university, the study reveals how faculty members designed a student-focused program that serves students, the university, and the community. Relying largely upon the review of departmental archives; a study of the history of GSU in the Atlanta community; interviews with faculty members and internship providers; and an exploration into the terms “intern” and “internship,” the dissertation ultimately sets forth considerations for those working with student internship programs and a model for college and university internship program evaluation.