Historical hydroelectric stations are part of an aging industrial heritage that is still extremely relevant today through its form of generating energy. Many stations built in the 20th c. are categorized as architectural heritage, therefore protected against demolition or radical change, thus also a radical expansion that would allow to modernize the station and allow for bigger energy output. Viskafors power station in Borås (Sweden) built in 1917 for the former local textile factory,  is a small-scale power station that is marked as architectural heritage, currently owned by Vattenfall.  The town of Viskafors is one of many factory towns along the river and as the industry went bankrupt in the 1970-ties it has become a suburb to the city of Borås. The only public buildings in Viskafors are schools. The town once defined by the industry is now left with an inaccessible waterfront and plenty of unused and unattainable space.The former factory grounds and the restricted area around the hydroelectric station, railway and regional road block the waterfront.The latest station renovation happened in 2013, leaving the second floor and the lift tower empty. Forming another void in the total space that Viskafors has to offer.Can this void be used as leverage to explore the potential of formerly unattainable space within the station and in connection to the waterfront? Keeping this in mind, this thesis aims to find meaningful ways to inhabit and repurpose formerly unattainable space as it is today; to find methods of organizing complex landscapes; initiate a discussion of new thinking of potential hybrid scenarios for the complexities of our future settlements.Can the future be a link to the past and vice versa?The project space stretches from the street level approaching the building to the rooftop, extends into the empty space of the station's second floor, and continues over the other side of the river. The existing second-floor space dimensions are  33 m x 11m x 5.5 m forming a box space. In theory, a box space this size holds infinite potential as long as it remains empty and has no walls, this project aims to explore the method of placing programmed pavilions/interventions as a space-organizing method of work and extending the approach to the rest of the project site area.The aim is to keep the hydroelectric station running while inhabiting the empty space surrounding it, and learning how to live with it.

Historical hydroelectric stations are part of an aging industrial heritage that is still extremely relevant today through its form of generating energy. Many stations built in the 20th c. are categorized as architectural heritage, therefore protected against demolition or radical change, thus also a radical expansion that would allow to modernize the station and allow for bigger energy output. Viskafors power station in Borås (Sweden) built in 1917 for the former local textile factory,  is a small-scale power station that is marked as architectural heritage, currently owned by Vattenfall.  The town of Viskafors is one of many factory towns along the river and as the industry went bankrupt in the 1970-ties it has become a suburb to the city of Borås. The only public buildings in Viskafors are schools. The town once defined by the industry is now left with an inaccessible waterfront and plenty of unused and unattainable space.The former factory grounds and the restricted area around the hydroelectric station, railway and regional road block the waterfront.The latest station renovation happened in 2013, leaving the second floor and the lift tower empty. Forming another void in the total space that Viskafors has to offer.Can this void be used as leverage to explore the potential of formerly unattainable space within the station and in connection to the waterfront? Keeping this in mind, this thesis aims to find meaningful ways to inhabit and repurpose formerly unattainable space as it is today; to find methods of organizing complex landscapes; initiate a discussion of new thinking of potential hybrid scenarios for the complexities of our future settlements.Can the future be a link to the past and vice versa?The project space stretches from the street level approaching the building to the rooftop, extends into the empty space of the station's second floor, and continues over the other side of the river. The existing second-floor space dimensions are  33 m x 11m x 5.5 m forming a box space. In theory, a box space this size holds infinite potential as long as it remains empty and has no walls, this project aims to explore the method of placing programmed pavilions/interventions as a space-organizing method of work and extending the approach to the rest of the project site area.The aim is to keep the hydroelectric station running while inhabiting the empty space surrounding it, and learning how to live with it.

O presente estudo propõe-se a analisar pavilhões expositivos nacionais na Exposição Mundial ocorrida em 2015, na cidade de Milão (Itália). Faz uma leitura geral dos pavilhões da Expo 2015 e se atém a quatro pavilhões nacionais representativos da diversidade arquitetônica presente no evento: Áustria, Holanda, Emirados Árabes e Brasil. Pretende responder a questão central da pesquisa: existe ainda espaço, atualmente, para a investigação arquitetônica nesses eventos? Sua metodologia baseia-se em pesquisa de campo, pesquisa em fontes primárias diversas e pesquisa bibliográfica referente a cada um dos casos analisados e ao contexto histórico do evento. / This current research aims to analise national pavilions, focused on the World Exhibition that took place in Milan (Italy), in 2015. It gives a general reading of the Expo 2015 pavilions and keeps to four national pavilions that represent the diversity found in the event: Austria, the Netherlands, United Arab Emirates and Brazil. The intention is to answer to the main question of the research: Is there still space for experimental architecture at this kind of event? It\'s methodology is based on field research, primary sources, and bibliographic research related to each of the four pavilions and to the historical context of the event.

This thesis is the result of an attempt to record, classify and develop an understanding of the motivations and dynamics in the design and realization of the buildings that explicitly or implicitly represent the Turkish identity abroad. In the meantime it is aimed to reflect on and identify the function of architecture and buildings in the formulation and representation of national identity. Besides the analysis of the meanings assigned to the architectural forms, one underlying intention was to clarify how different aspects of architecture and building processes could play roles in the construction and representation of national identity within the context of the embassies, monuments, exhibition pavilions and centers for cultural and religious purposes. During the analysis of these architectural works, basic mechanisms of the concept of identity and its repercussions in relation to physical milieus -i.e. its comparative nature, its reception by the others- are tried to be elaborated. Cases other than the Turkish case are referred to when necessary. Viewpoints of variety of actors in the realization of these works -i.e. architects, diplomats, statesmen and contractors- are analyzed to elucidate the similarities and differences of approaches. iv Besides the role of international relations, the dominant social, political and economic characteristics in different historical periods of Turkey and their implications on the buildings abroad are exposed by this study. Reactions of the architectural discourse in Turkey to those characteristics concerning the national identity, i.e. foreign architects, globalization, and promotion of architects by the state, are elaborated. While some themes are perennial at the discursive and formal level, variations of attitudes regarding the host context are observed in the study.

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The 19th century was a time when a large number of voluntary associations were being formed both in Sweden and in Europe as a whole. Their ambition was to engage in health care and poor relief issues as well as in the educational system. Furthermore, the general idea was to promote temperance and foster a sense of thrift among the poor and the working class population. While the starting-point of the thesis was the question as to why the voluntary associations founded various charitable activities as well as how the philanthropy was designed, organised and modified throughout the century, the aim has been to elucidate the motive force and incentives for their social reforms. In order to answer the two main questions of the dissertation, the association De Badande Wännerna (the DBW), which engaged in several philanthropic activities in the Swedish province of Gotland as early as the 1810s, has been selected for a case study. In the literature a number of different reasons have been stressed as to why voluntary associations chose to engage in charitable activities. In order to shed light on what factors that underlay their philanthropic work, the process of negotiation regarding the various institutions established by the DBW, as well as the practical layout of the establishments, have been analysed from the perspectives of a theoretical model based on affinity groups. The study has shown that the incentives of philanthropy were complex. Furthermore, the incentives changed concurrently with the expansion of the public poor relief and educational system, which from the middle of the 19th century took over many of the humanitarian efforts hitherto run by the voluntary associations. The result of this development was that the voluntary associations created new spheres of activity. They continued to fulfil important societal functions, but their establishments also fulfilled a more internal desire for pleasure and delights.

Este trabalho estuda as edificações denominadas Pavilhão e Centros de Exposição, com total da área coberta para exposições superior a 20.000m², na cidade de São Paulo. Inicialmente são apresentados os antecedentes das atividades que precederam as atuais Feiras de Negócios e Exposições Industriais e seu rebatimento no espaço desde a antiguidade clássica, passando pelas feiras medievais e pela revolução industrial na Europa até as Exposições Universais, num passado mais recente. A partir desse levantamento é detalhada a operacionalidade dessa tipologia, seus agentes e as relações entre as suas principais atividades, o local onde se encontram e outros equipamentos urbanos com funções complementares. Em seguida, são analisados os exemplos nesta Capital e em outras cidades, procurando extrair os componentes que confi guram um pavilhão ou centro de exposições. Com essa análise chega-se a um programa geral proposto e à representação gráfi ca do arranjo físico dessas edificações (fl uxograma). Por fim, a partir do estudo da dinâmica das feiras e exposições são identifi cadas características que podem influenciar e/ ou determinar a necessidade e confi guração dos espaços. São então apresentadas as principais conclusões sobre o tema central, como contribuições em futuros estudos de exemplares desse tipo de edifi cação, seja para reforma, requalificação ou novas implantações. / This paper studies the types of buildings called Pavilions and Exhibition Centers of a covered area in excess of 20,000 sq. m. (215.28 sq. ft) as exhibition space existing in the city of São Paulo. First, a survey is presented on the background of the developments that preceded the current Trade Fairs and Industrial Shows and their reverberations in space, from Classical Antiquity, through Medieval Fairs and the Industrial Revolution in Europe to the Universal Exhibitions. Based on that framework, the operationality of this typology, its agents and the relations underlying its main activities, their location and other urban facilities with complementary functions are detailed. Next, examples from our state capital and from other cities are reviewed, in an attempt to draw the components that characterize a pavilion or exhibition center. These approaches lead the way to a proposed general program and to the graphic representation of the physical layout of these buildings (fl ow chart). Finally, a study on the dynamics of fairs and exhibitions identifi es the characteristics capable of exerting an infl uence and/or determining the need and confi guration of spaces. The main conclusions on the core theme are then set out as a contribution to future studies on this type of construction, whether for the purpose of construction renovation or retrofi tting or for new implementation.

Este trabalho estuda as edificações denominadas Pavilhão e Centros de Exposição, com total da área coberta para exposições superior a 20.000m², na cidade de São Paulo. Inicialmente são apresentados os antecedentes das atividades que precederam as atuais Feiras de Negócios e Exposições Industriais e seu rebatimento no espaço desde a antiguidade clássica, passando pelas feiras medievais e pela revolução industrial na Europa até as Exposições Universais, num passado mais recente. A partir desse levantamento é detalhada a operacionalidade dessa tipologia, seus agentes e as relações entre as suas principais atividades, o local onde se encontram e outros equipamentos urbanos com funções complementares. Em seguida, são analisados os exemplos nesta Capital e em outras cidades, procurando extrair os componentes que confi guram um pavilhão ou centro de exposições. Com essa análise chega-se a um programa geral proposto e à representação gráfi ca do arranjo físico dessas edificações (fl uxograma). Por fim, a partir do estudo da dinâmica das feiras e exposições são identifi cadas características que podem influenciar e/ ou determinar a necessidade e confi guração dos espaços. São então apresentadas as principais conclusões sobre o tema central, como contribuições em futuros estudos de exemplares desse tipo de edifi cação, seja para reforma, requalificação ou novas implantações. / This paper studies the types of buildings called Pavilions and Exhibition Centers of a covered area in excess of 20,000 sq. m. (215.28 sq. ft) as exhibition space existing in the city of São Paulo. First, a survey is presented on the background of the developments that preceded the current Trade Fairs and Industrial Shows and their reverberations in space, from Classical Antiquity, through Medieval Fairs and the Industrial Revolution in Europe to the Universal Exhibitions. Based on that framework, the operationality of this typology, its agents and the relations underlying its main activities, their location and other urban facilities with complementary functions are detailed. Next, examples from our state capital and from other cities are reviewed, in an attempt to draw the components that characterize a pavilion or exhibition center. These approaches lead the way to a proposed general program and to the graphic representation of the physical layout of these buildings (fl ow chart). Finally, a study on the dynamics of fairs and exhibitions identifi es the characteristics capable of exerting an infl uence and/or determining the need and confi guration of spaces. The main conclusions on the core theme are then set out as a contribution to future studies on this type of construction, whether for the purpose of construction renovation or retrofi tting or for new implementation.

What would happen if the outskirts and endings of our towns receive the same affection as their cores? This diploma project will tend to one of these forgotten sites. The shoreline of Ekerö Centrum - A site longing for identity, to become more than it is today. The park by this shoreline, which unintentionally has become the back end of the town center, has the potential to be elevated into a key node for Ekerö. This project looks to the existing assets of the site - it’s water contact, the view over the fields and forests of Lovön and the connection to Stockholm City via commuter boat, and suggests three additions to the site to activate it and let people enjoy these elements. By looking closer at the site three different points spread out in the park was identified. These points each received an addition. The first - a waiting hall for the boat station. Second,a marketplace - which essentially is a piece of park furniture that can be used in multiple ways. And third - a sauna to experience the water.

Tanto o Pavilhão Brasileiro da Exposição de Saint Louis, ocorrido em 1904, de autoria do engenheiro Francisco Marcelino de Souza Aguiar, como o da Feira de Nova York, de 1939, dos arquitetos Lucio Costa e Oscar Niemeyer, carregavam a missão arquitetônica de representar a identidade do país. Manifestaram-se distintos em suas arquiteturas pela formação de seus autores e pelo lugar e época em que foram construídos. Esses edifícios revelam dimensões da vida nacional em ressonância com as relações políticas, comerciais e culturais tecidas para a sua realização. O conjunto de circunstâncias sobre as quais essas arquiteturas se fundamentam contraria suas aparentes oposições e lhes confere sentidos complementares. Uma construção diplomática que transpôs percalços políticos, conciliando-os para um projeto de modernização e superação do país frente aos passados recentes de cada um dos períodos. Esse trabalho diplomático estreitou relações da jovem República do Brasil com os EUA, paradigma de nação nova que reunia as condições materiais e tecnológicas para a construção dos dois pavilhões. Tomar esses dois casos como exemplares permite compreender os aspectos de diálogo entre tradições europeias e suas emulações americanas. Caminhos complementares da arquitetura e da diplomacia revelam as vontades correntes de modernização e da busca do estabelecimento de maioridade do país, assim como a intenção de sua inclusão como agente no \"Jogo de Nações\" que se abriu no século 20. / Both the Brazilian Pavilion at the 1904 Saint Louis Word\'s Fair, authored by engineer Francisco Marcelino de Souza Aguiar, and the one at the New York Fair in 1939, by the architects Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer, laded the architectural mission of representing the country\'s identity. They were distinct in their architectures due to the training of their authors and the place and time they were built. These buildings show the dimensions of national life to be in resonance with the political, commercial and cultural relations woven for their implementation. The set of circumstances these architectures are based on contradicts the apparent oppositions and gives them complementary directions. A diplomatic construction that has transposed political mishaps by conciliating them around a project to modernize the country as to the recent pasts of each of the periods. This diplomatic performance straitened the relations of the young Republic of Brazil with the United States, paradigm of a new nation that matched both the material conditions and the technology for the construction of the two pavilions. Taking these two cases as exemplary allows us to understand the aspects of the dialogue between the European traditions and their American emulations. The complementary paths of both architecture and diplomacy reveal the wish for modernisation and the search for the establishment of the country\'s majority, as well as the intention of its inclusion as a player in the \"Game of Nations\" which opened up in the 20 century