One of the critical issues of systems utilizing Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the high peak to the average power ratio of OFDM signals. We have used Precoding as a way to mitigate the PAPR problem. Furthermore the performance of Precoded OFDM in fading multi-path channels has been studied. This thesis is based on an efficient technique for reducing the PAPR of OFDM signals. The proposed technique is data-independent and thus, does not require new processing and optimization for each transmitted OFDM block. The reduction in PAPR of the OFDM signal is obtained through a proper selection of a Precoding scheme that distributes the power of each modulated symbol over the OFDM block. The obtained results show that this Precoding scheme is an attractive solution to the PAPR problem of OFDM signals.

High peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the major drawbacks in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In recently years, various methods have been proposed to reduce the PAPR performance. The selected mapping (SLM) scheme is perhaps the most popular one because it provides outstanding PAPR reduction performance. In addition, the subcarrier magnitude remains the same in the SLM scheme. However, there are two major shortcomings in the SLM scheme. First of all, it requires a number of inverse fast Fourier transforms (IFFTs) to produce candidate signals, dramatically increasing the computational complexity. In addition, side information has to be transmitted to the receiver to indicate the candidate signal that results in the best PAPR, leading to the decrease in bandwidth utilization. To overcome these two drawbacks, this thesis proposes a novel SLM scheme that does not need side information. The proposed scheme is based on a low complexity SLM scheme [C.-P. Li, S.-H. Wang, and C.-L. Wang, ¡§Novel low-complexity SLM schemes for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems,¡¨ IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 2916¡V2921, May 2010] in pilot-aided OFDM system. Simulation experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed scheme. It is shown that the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed scheme is very similar to that of the traditional SLM scheme with perfect knowledge of the side information. Therefore, the proposed scheme not only has the advantages of low complexity and high bandwidth utilization, but also has a superior BER performance.

High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a serious drawback in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Various methods have been proposed to reduce PAPR, active constellation extension (ACE) scheme has excellent performance. There are two schemes were proposed in traditional ACE, the one of which is ACE-Smart Gradient-Project (SGP) which can significantly reduce PAPR through first iteration. In fact, optimal solution is not obtained in ACE-SGP, we find the scheme can be formulated as convex optimization problem, that is, we can find out optimal solution to minimize PAPR by convex optimization algorithm. Two proposed schemes are based on two low complexity schemes, respectively, and they were proved to satisfy convex optimization problem. Although the power of transmission and complexity of optimization algorithm in the proposed schemes are higher than that of the traditional ACE-SGP scheme, but proposed schemes has proper improvement in PAPR reduction.

In recent years, the development of OFDM system has received a lot of attention. Some examples of existing systems where OFDM system is used are digital audio broadcasting, high-definition television terrestrial broadcasting, asymmetric digital subcarrier lines and so on. There are several reasons for using OFDM systems. First, OFDM system is an efficient way to deal with multipath effect. Under a fixed amount of delay spread, the implementation complexity of OFDM system is much less than that of single-carrier system. The reason is that OFDM system can simply use guard time to process delay spread without a complex equalizer. Second, OFDM system can achieve high data rate to transmit by using large number of subcarriers. Third, OFDM system can also efficiently combat with narrow band interference. On the other hand, OFDM system also has two main drawbacks. One is more sensitive to frequency offset, the other is higher PAPR. This thesis focuses on the PAPR problem. Pulse shaping method is an effective way to solve this problem. It can be used for any number of subcarriers of OFDM systems, so it is very flexible. It doesn¡¦t have any additional IFFTs in comparison to the selected mapping or partial transmit sequence method. Its implementation is simpler. And because it also doesn¡¦t distort the OFDM symbols, its bit error performance should be better than the clipping method. According to the pulse shaping method, we get a better waveform that can make the PAPR of OFDM symbols do not exceed about 2.

Selected mapping (SLM) schemes are commonly employed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It has been shown that the computational complexity of the traditional SLM scheme can be substantially reduced by adopting conversion vectors obtained by using the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) of the phase rotation vector in place of the conventional IFFT operations [21]. Unfortunately, however, the elements of these phase rotation vectors of the conversion vectors in [21] do not generally have an equal magnitude, and thus a significant degradation in the bit error rate (BER) performance is incurred. This problem can be remedied by utilizing conversion vectors having the form of a perfect sequence. This paper presents three novel classes of perfect sequence, each of which comprises certain base vectors and their cyclic-shifted versions. Three novel low-complexity SLM schemes are then proposed based upon the unique structures of these perfect sequences. It is shown that while the PAPR performances of the proposed schemes are marginally poorer than that of the traditional SLM scheme, the three schemes achieve an identical BER performance and have a substantially lower computational complexity.

One of the major drawbacks of multi-carrier systems is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signals. In this paper, the proposed novel low-complexity selective mapping (SLM) schemes are applicable to interleaved-4 orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) uplink systems for PAPR reduction. The novel scheme just needs one inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block because that the phases of the transmitted signals in frequency domain are rotated by circular convolution with conversion vectors in time domain. Moreover, a special set of conversion vectors are proposed in novel scheme, which are not only computed with low complexity but also reduce the PAPR effectively. In proposed scheme, different conversion vectors and appropriate subcarriers mapping are picked up for different users. The scheme supplies a practicable low-complexity method for PAPR reduction in interleaved-4 OFDMA uplink systems. Besides, the bit error rate (BER) performance is as good as the SLM scheme.

Ingeniero Civil Eléctrico / Los constantes y cada vez más acelerados avances tecnológicos, han generado que los sistemas de comunicación se optimicen considerablemente con el transcurso de los años. Dentro de los cambios más importantes que se han visto en el último tiempo, destaca la disminución del uso de los clásicos sistemas de telecomunicaciones basados en portadoras únicas, dándose paso a sistemas más complejos en donde la información se transmite utilizando múltiples portadoras. Dentro de este último grupo de técnicas, uno de los que más sobresale es orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), el cual ha sido y es, ampliamente utilizado en múltiples aplicaciones o estándares de comunicación. El uso extensivo de OFDM se debe a varias ventajas que esta técnica posee, tales como: alcanzar altas tasas de transmisión de datos, generar señales robustas ante canales inalámbricos, tener una alta eficiencia espectral, entre otros. Pero, aun cuando éstos exhiben múltiples ventajas, también presentan ciertos inconvenientes que deben ser tratados como lo son: los altos niveles de peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) que caracterizan a las señales OFDM y la sensibilidad a errores originados por la desincronización entre el transmisor y receptor. Esto último, facilita la generación de interferencia entre portadoras (inter-carrier interference, ICI) y, por ende, un aumento en la probabilidad de error. En este trabajo se examina el funcionamiento de los sistemas basados en OFDM, partiendo desde la generación de la señal, hasta su comportamiento espectral. Pero por otro lado, también se analiza como la implementación de pulsos que cumplen con el primer criterio de Nyquist (Nyquist-I), favorece al rendimiento de esta clase de sistemas. El uso de pulsos Nyquist-I para combatir los inconvenientes típicos mostrados por los sistemas basados en OFDM ha sido propuesto por múltiples investigadores. En este trabajo se estudia en detalle una nueva familia de pulsos Nyquist-I llamada improved parametric linear combination pulses (IPLCP), la cual se propone para combatir un completo listado de aspectos perjudiciales mostrados por sistemas OFDM reales, a diferencia de otros pulsos que solamente buscan solucionar uno de ellos. Para analizar el rendimiento de la nueva familia de pulsos, se le compara con otras ya conocidas en términos del ICI, la razón señal a interferencia (signal-to-interference ratio, SIR), el PAPR y la tasa de probabilidad de error de bit (bit error rate, BER). Finalmente, el análisis demuestra que la nueva familia es la que mejor se desempeña en promedio en términos de los parámetros de estudio recién mencionados, dejando en claro que la implementación del IPLCP favorece al rendimiento de los sistemas de comunicación basados en la tecnología OFDM.

With the ongoing push for wireless systems to accommodate more users and support higher data rates more efficient modulation schemes have been created that are more advanced than simple FM and AM modulation used for radio broadcasting. These modulation schemes, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), suffer from high peak to average power ratios. Standard Class A and Class AB amplifiers cannot simultaneously achieve good linearity and efficiency, and therefore there has been an increase in the development of new topologies to combat this issue. Common features to these circuits is power combining of two or more separate transistors. In this work, we consider various ways of two-source power combining and identify four topologies of interest. We notice that linear power-efficient amplifiers reported to date are based upon two of the identified combining strategies. We believe that no amplifiers have been reported that leverage the other two alternatives. This work produces a fully-functional amplifier based on one of these alternatives. The prototypes are intended to serve as concept verification of the architecture and hence are implemented at lower (1 MHz) frequencies.

This thesis examines the high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) problem of OFDM and other spectrally-efficient multicarrier modulation schemes, specifically their stringent requirements for highly linear, power-inefficient amplification. The thesis then presents a most intriguing answer to the PAPR-problem in the form of a constant-envelope OFDM (CE-OFDM) waveform, a waveform which employs phase modulation to transform the high-PAPR OFDM signal into a constant envelope signal, like FSK or GMSK, which can be amplified with non-linear power amplifiers at near saturation levels of efficiency. A brief analytical description of CE-OFDM and its suboptimal receiver architecture is provided in order to define and analyze the key parameters of the waveform and their performance impacts. The primary contribution of this thesis is a highly tunable software-defined radio (SDR) implementation of the waveform which enables rapid-prototyping and testing of CE-OFDM systems. The digital baseband processing of the waveform is executed on a general purpose processor (GPP) in the Linux Ubuntu 14.04 operating system, and programmed using the GNU Radio SDR software framework with a mixture of Python and C++ routines. A detailed description of the software implementation is provided, and baseband simulations of the SDR CE-OFDM receiver in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) validate the performance of the implemented signal processing. A fully-functional CE-OFDM radio system is proposed in which GPPs executing the software defined transmitter and receiver routines are interfaced with Ettus Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) transceiver front ends. A software testbench is created to enable rapid configuration and testing of the CE-OFDM waveform over all permutations of its parameters, over both simulated and physical RF channels, to draw deeper insights into the characteristics of the waveform and the necessary design considerations and improvements for further development and deployment of CE-OFDM systems. / Master of Science

L’évolution des systèmes de télécommunications, liée à une demande sans cesse croissante en termes de débit et de volume de données, se concrétise par le développement de systèmes proposant des bandes passantes très larges, des modulations à très hautes efficacités spectrales, de la flexibilité en puissance et en fréquence d’émission. Par ailleurs, la mise en œuvre de ces dispositifs doit se faire avec un souci permanent d’économie d’énergie d’où la problématique récurrente de l’amplification de puissance RF qui consiste à allier au mieux rendement, linéarité et bande passante. L’architecture conventionnelle d’une chaine d’émission RF consiste dans une première étape à réaliser l’opération de modulation-conversion de fréquence (Modulateur IQ) puis dans une deuxième étape l’opération de conversion d’énergie DC-RF (Amplificateur de Puissance), ces deux étapes étant traditionnellement traitées de manière indépendante. L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est de proposer une approche alternative qui consiste à combiner ces deux opérations dans une seule et même fonction : le modulateur vectoriel de puissance à haute efficacité énergétique. Le cœur du dispositif, conçu en technologie GaN, repose sur un circuit à deux étages de transistors HEMT permettant d’obtenir un gain en puissance variable en régime de saturation. Il est associé à un modulateur de polarisation multi-niveaux spécifique également en technologie GaN. Le dispositif réalisé a permis de générer directement, à une fréquence de 2.5 GHz, une modulation vectorielle 16QAM (100Msymb/s) de puissance moyenne 13 W, de puissance crête 25W avec un rendement global de 40% et une linéarité mesurée par un EVM à 5%. / The evolution of telecommunications systems, linked to a constantly increasing demand in terms of data rate and volume, leads to the development of systems offering very wide bandwidths, modulations with very high spectral efficiencies, increased power and frequency flexibilities in transmitters. Moreover, the implementation of such systems must be done with a permanent concern for energy saving, hence the recurring goal of the RF power amplification which is to combine the best efficiency, linearity and bandwidth. Conventional architectures of RF emitter front-ends consist in a first step in performing the frequency modulation-conversion operation (IQ Modulator) and then in a second step the DC-RF energy conversion operation (Power Amplifier), these two steps being usually managed independently. The aim of this thesis is to propose an alternative approach that consists in combining these two operations in only one function: a high efficiency vector power modulator. The core of the proposed system is based on a two-stage GaN HEMT circuit to obtain a variable power gain operating at saturation. It is associated with a specific multi-level bias modulator also design using GaN technology. The fabricated device generates, at a frequency of 2.5 GHz, a 16QAM modulation (100Msymb/s) with 13W average power, 25W peak power, with an overall efficiency of 40% and 5% EVM.