Avhandling--Oslo. / At head of title: Det Norske videnskaps-akademi i Oslo. Thesis note on label mounted on t.p. "Die verantwortung für die übertragung ins deutsche trägt stud. med., dr. phil. Karl. Closs." "Conclusions" in English and French. "Literaturverzeichnis": v. 1, p. [188]-207; v. 2, p. [125]-131.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1993. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1993. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a complex clinical-pathological condition and most patients with this disease would die within 6 months. The disadvantage of systemic cancer therapy is that only a small portion of the administered drug can reach the tumor cells, and side effects could occur due to its wide distribution in the body. In recent years, cytoreductive surgery combined with intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been the effective way for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. But the anticancer agents in aqueous form can be easily absorbed through capillaries below the large serosal surface into the systemic circulation, and it is difficult to retain the drug at a high concentration for a long time in the peritoneal cavity. The ideal drug for intraperitoneal chemotherapy should have a high molecular weight, a prolonged retention in the peritoneal surface, and increase drug exposure to tumor cells, decrease drug absorption and hence reduce systemic toxicity. ABZ (albendazole) with its properties of poor water solubility and strong anticancer effects could be a potential effective agent for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. The aims of this study are: to compare oral versus i.p administration of ABZ, study pharmacokinetic characteristics of ABZ in i.p administration; to study the efficacy ofABZ on early, middle and later stages of cancer development, to find out the possible antitumor effect of ABZ in suppressing cancer cell proliferation, ascites control and longer survival of mice with peritoneal carcinomatosis; to solve the occurring problems during ABZ i.p administration, reduce side effects and increase the drug efficacy; to investigate possible mechanisms ofABZ suppressing tumor proliferation and ascites formation. A series of experiments were designed in order to achieve the study objectives. The pharmacokinetic study of ABZ gives some dynamic characteristics by oral versus i.p administration in rabbits. Three sets of experiments of ABZ treatment were performed on different stages peritoneal carcinomatosis arising from the OVCAR-3 cancer cells in nude mice, from which the efficacy of ABZ in suppressing tumor growth and ascites formation by i.p administration is clearly demonstrated. The increased solubility of ABZ with three surfactants and in human ascites was carried out in different tests, and the combination of ABZ with Tween 80 has achieved better control of peritoneal carcinomatosis when given by i.p administration. The results from this study have revealed for the first time the capacity of ABZ suppressing VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and ascites formation profoundly, confirmed that ABZ has potent anti-proliferation effects on ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR3); it suppressed tumor growth in early stage of cancer development; and prolonged survival of all ABZ treated mice by i.p administration. The major contributions from this study are: ABZ i.p treatment increases survival, inhibits ascites production, reduces tumor burden at relatively early stage of cancer, changes tumor morphology and reduces vascular density, reduces CA-125 (cancer antigen 125) and VEGF level, decreases in vitro VEGF secretion, and down regulates VEGF mRNA expression. The study results concluded that ABZ could be a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis by i.p administration. The significance of this study is that the fundamental results obtained from all experiments, including the major contributions and other associated works, have provided the scientific foundation for a clinical trial. Currently the maximum tolerated dose of ABZ i.p treatment in mice is on going before clinical trial and studies in related area of ABZ anticancer pathways are continuing in our laboratory.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Univ. , 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 169 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 154-169).

This study was designed to: 1. Examine the diagnostic value of ADA levels in ascitic fluid, 2. Establish the sensitivity and specificity of this test in the diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis, in a large number of patients, 3. Establish levels of adenosine deaminase activity which give the best discriminatory information in patients with ascites. 4. Determine what conditions may give rise to false positive or false negative results. 5. Finally, the study was designed to assess the relative diagnostic accuracy of previously used biochemical and haematological data, such as ascites total protein and white cell count. The diagnostic value of these tests alone, and combined with ADA activity in a descriminant analysis, was compared with the diagnostic accuracy of adenosine deaminase activity alone.

No description available.

Introduction Peritoneal metastasis is advanced disease and is usually widely disseminated at the time of discovery. It is crucial to detect peritoneal metastasis at an early stage and to allow precise patient selection for the right treatments. Both fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDGPET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used in peritoneal metastasis detection. Standardized uptake value (SUV), derived from FDGPET/ CT can evaluate glucose metabolism in cells, whilst apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is used for quantitative analysis of tumour cellularity. Amide proton transfer (APT) MRI is a novel imaging technique based on exchangeable amide protons as endogenous contrast agent and can measure the increased amide proton signal in malignant tissues indirectly through bulk water proton signals. This thesis aims to: 1) compare the diagnostic performance of FDG-PET/CT and MRI in peritoneal metastasis evaluation; 2) study the relationship between SUV and ADC in peritoneal metastasis; 3) investigate the feasibility of APT in peritoneal metastasis evaluation. Materials and Methods Patients with peritoneal metastasis detected on FDG-PET/CT were prospectively recruited for MRI. FDG-PET/CT and MRI images were reviewed independently by two radiologists in separate sessions. Diagnostic characteristics were calculated for both imaging techniques. SUVmax and SUVmean were obtained by placing ROIs on PET, while ADCmin and ADCmean were calculated by contouring lesions on DWI. APT MRI was performed using a single-slice turbo spin echo sequence, with a block of presaturation pulses at 33 frequency offsets. ROIs were placed on peritoneal metastasis and muscle on APT. Mean of integrated asymmetrical magnetic transfer ratio (MTRasym) over 3-4 ppm with respect to water resonance was calculated for peritoneal metastasis and muscle. Results Eight patients were recruited in this study with 128 anatomical sites evaluated. DWI/MRI had good diagnostic performance (sensitivity = 92%, specificity = 99%, accuracy = 98%) compared to that of FDG-PET/CT (sensitivity = 90%, specificity= 100%, accuracy = 98%). Thirty-four peritoneal metastases were selected for quantitative analysis. Significant inverse correlation was found between ADCmean and SUVmax (r = -0.528, p = 0.001) and between ADCmean and SUVmean (r = -0.548, p = 0.001). ADCmin was significantly and negatively correlated with SUVmax (r = -0.508, p = 0.002) and SUVmean (r = -0.513, p = 0.002). In the above study cohort, 6 patients underwent APT imaging with 8 peritoneal metastases evaluated. Seven lesions showed positive APT signal and one had negative APT signal. The mean APT signal for peritoneal metastasis was 2.28%±1.76%, significantly different from that of muscle (-2.79%±0.95%, p < 0.001). Conclusions In conclusion, both DWI/MRI and FDG-PET/CT had good diagnostic performance in peritoneal metastasis evaluation. The negative correlation between SUV and ADC suggested an inverse relationship between tissue metabolism and cellularity. APT MRI is feasible to generate sufficient contrast signal for peritoneal metastasis and has potential to discriminate peritoneal tumours from its surrounding soft tissue using integrated MTRasym as a quantitative marker. These functional indices allow understanding of the biological behaviours of peritoneal tumours and could act as adjuncts in peritoneal metastasis imaging. / published_or_final_version / Diagnostic Radiology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-235).