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No / We report on a multiscale polymer-within-polymer structure of the cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte poly{[9,9-bis(6′-N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl]fluorene–phenylene} (HTMA-PFP) in aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) sol. Molecular dynamics simulations and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data show that HTMA-PFP forms aggregates in water but becomes entangled by PVA (with a 1:1 molar ratio of HTMA-PFP to PVA) and eventually immersed in PVA clusters (with the ratio 1:4). This is attributed to the hydrophobic–hydrophilic balance. Contrast variation data with regular and deuterated PVA support a rigid body model, where HTMA-PFP is confined as locally isolated, but closely located, chains within PVA clusters, which alter correlation distances within the system. These results are supported by enhanced photoluminescence (PL) and ionic conductivity which, together with a red-shift in UV/vis absorption spectra, indicate the breakup of HTMA-PFP aggregates upon PVA addition.

The transport of nutrients in forest soils predominantly occurs along preferential flow pathways (PFP). This study investigated the composition of phosphorus (P) forms in PFPs and soil matrix in several temperate beech forests with contrasting soil P contents in Germany. The PFPs were visualized using dye tracer experiments. Stained and unstained soil was sampled from three profile cuts per plot and analyzed for P fractions. The results show that labile P concentrations were highest in the O-layer and had the same range of values at all sites (240–320 mg·kg−1), although total P (TP) differed considerably (530–2330 mg·kg−1). The ratio of labile P to TP was significantly lower in the P-rich soil compared to the medium and P-poor soils. By contrast, the ratio of moderately labile P to TP was highest at the P-rich site. The shifts in P fractions with soil depth were generally gradual in the P-rich soil, but more abrupt at the others. The contents of labile and moderately labile P clearly differed in PFPs compared to soil matrix, but not statistically significant. The studied soils are characterized by high stone contents with low potential for P sorption. However, indications were found that labile organically bound P accumulates in PFPs such as biopores.

The transport of nutrients in forest soils predominantly occurs along preferential flow pathways (PFP). This study investigated the composition of phosphorus (P) forms in PFPs and soil matrix in several temperate beech forests with contrasting soil P contents in Germany. The PFPs were visualized using dye tracer experiments. Stained and unstained soil was sampled from three profile cuts per plot and analyzed for P fractions. The results show that labile P concentrations were highest in the O-layer and had the same range of values at all sites (240–320 mg·kg−1), although total P (TP) differed considerably (530–2330 mg·kg−1). The ratio of labile P to TP was significantly lower in the P-rich soil compared to the medium and P-poor soils. By contrast, the ratio of moderately labile P to TP was highest at the P-rich site. The shifts in P fractions with soil depth were generally gradual in the P-rich soil, but more abrupt at the others. The contents of labile and moderately labile P clearly differed in PFPs compared to soil matrix, but not statistically significant. The studied soils are characterized by high stone contents with low potential for P sorption. However, indications were found that labile organically bound P accumulates in PFPs such as biopores.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper describes the Real-Time/Post-Flight Processing System (RT/PFP) developed under the Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC) Advanced Data Acquisition and Processing Systems (ADAPS) development program. The RT/PFP is currently being deployed at all Range Division Mission Control Facilities as the principal Range Division telemetry processing system. This paper provides an overview of the RT/PFP system, its current capabilities, and future enhancements being developed. The RT/PFP is currently used to support the F-22 flight test program, and to provide telemetry processing support for the AFFTC Range Safety Office. The RT/PFP is also used in a mobile configuration to support the Advanced Fighter Technology Integration program.

This thesis aims to discuss NATO&rsquo / s Partnership for Peace (PfP) program in Central Asia in terms of its role in promoting regional security. It focuses on the evolution of the cooperation between NATO and its Central Asian partners within the framework of the NATO&rsquo / s PfP program, as well as the Alliance&rsquo / s vision of security in Central Asia. The thesis argues that although NATO is active in Central Asia with its PfP programs, its engagement with the Central Asian states is mainly motivated by its own global security priorities rather than promoting regional security cooperation in Central Asia. This thesis comprises four main chapters. After the introduction chapter, the second chapter examines regional security challenges in post-Soviet Central Asia. The third chapter discusses the fundamental characteristics of NATO&rsquo / s PfP program and regional security in Central Asia. The fourth chapter examines NATO&rsquo / s PfP programs in individual Central Asian states by examining the priorities of each state in cooperating with the Alliance. The fifth chapter analyses the relevance of NATO&rsquo / s PfP programs for increasing its involvement in Central Asia since 2001 by taking its global and regional security priorities. The concluding chapter discusses the main findings of this thesis.

Pain assessment continues to be poorly managed in the clinical arena. A review of the communication process in pain assessment is carried out and the hierarchical approach often recommended in the literature -with self-report as its "gold-standard," is criticized as limited and simplistic. A comprehensive approach to pain assessment is recommended and a model that conceptualizes pain assessment as a complex transaction with various patient and clinician dependant factors is proposed. Attention is then focused on the pediatric patient whose pain assessment is often dependent on nonverbal communicative action. The clinical approaches to pain assessment in this population -mainly the use of behavioral/observational pain scales and facial pain scales, are explored. The primal face of pain (PFP) is identified and proposed theoretically as an important link in the function of facial pain scales. Finally, the existence of the PFP is investigated in a sample of 57 neonates across differences in sex and ethnic origin while controlling for potentially confounding factors. Facial expression to a painful stimulus is measured based on the Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS) and applying an innovative computer-based methodology. No statistically significant differences in facial expression were found in infant display thereby supporting the existence of the PFP.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A velocidade do som é uma propriedade que vem sendo cada vez mais utilizada em diferentes áreas tecnológicas. Além disso, a velocidade do som é uma propriedade termodinâmica que está associada a outras propriedades do meio como a compressibilidade isentrópica e isotérmica, entre outras. Neste contexto, muitos estudos foram realizados a fim de obter modelos precisos que possam representar fielmente a velocidade do som, sendo observados desvios absolutos médios entre 0,13 e 24,8%. Neste trabalho, um banco de dados de velocidade do som e massa específica à pressão atmosférica de n-alcanos, alcanos ramificados, n-alcenos, aromáticos, alcoóis, éteres e ésteres, foram compilados da literatura aberta. Utilizando estes dados e baseando-se no modelo de Wada por contribuição de grupo recentemente proposto, foi desenvolvido um novo modelo por contribuição atômica para predizer a velocidade do som de todas as famílias dos compostos investigados neste trabalho. É mostrado que o modelo proposto é capaz de prever a velocidade do som para os compostos destas famílias com desvios próximos da incerteza experimental calculada a partir de diferentes dados da literatura. Este trabalho também discute o efeito da ramificação das cadeias na constante Wada, ressaltando a importância de novas medições para este tipo de compostos. Além disso, observou-se que a literatura necessita de mais dados experimentais de velocidade do som, à pressão atmosférica e diferentes temperaturas para substâncias puras presentes em biodiesel e bio-óleo de pirólise rápida. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho fornece novos dados experimentais de velocidade do som e massa específica de cinco ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos, também conhecidos como FAMEs, (caprilato de metila, caprato de metila, palmitato de metila, estearato de metila e linoleato de metila), e sete componentes puros presentes em bio-óleo de pirólise à pressão atmosférica, de vários fenóis (fenol, o-, m- e p-cresol), dois éteres fenólicos (2-metoxifenol e eugenol) e um éster fenólico (salicilato de metila), a temperaturas de (288,15-343,15) K. O modelo preditivo de Wada atômico foi utilizado para calcular a velocidade do som dos FAMEs estudados neste trabalho, e os desvios foram comparados com o modelo de Wada por contribuição de grupo. O modelo atômico de Wada foi utilizado para prever a velocidade do som dos componentes puros presentes no bio-óleo de pirólise rápida experimentalmente estudados nesta dissertação. Além disso, os dados de massa específica e velocidade de som foram correlacionados com o modelo de Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP). As propriedades foram bem representadas pelo modelo PFP, no entanto, para a velocidade do som o modelo apresenta desvios sistemáticos na dependência com a temperatura. O desempenho do modelo preditivo de Wada atômico foi considerado satisfatório, devido os desvios observados serem compatíveis ou até menores do que os desvios típicos obtidos na literatura com outros modelos correlativos para o cálculo da velocidade do som de outras substâncias / Speed of sound is a property that is being increasingly used in different technological areas. Furthermore, the speed of sound is a thermodynamic property which is associated with other properties of the medium, such as isentropic and isothermal compressibility, among others. In this context, many studies were carried out to obtain accurate models that can faithfully represent the speed of sound, with average absolute deviations between 0.13 and 24.8%. In this work a database of speed of sound and density at atmospheric pressure for n-alkanes, branched alkanes, n-alkenes, aromatics, alcohols, ethers and esters were collected from the open literature. Using these data a Wada group contribution model recently proposed was used as basis for the development of a new atomic contribution model to predict speed of sound for all families of compounds investigated in this work. It is shown that the proposed model is able to predict the speed of sound for compounds of these families with deviations close to the experimental reproducibility. This work also discusses the effect of branching on the Wadas constant, pointing out the importance of new measurements for this type of compounds. It was also observed that the literature needs more experimental data of speed of sound at atmospheric pressure and different temperature for pure compounds present in biodiesel and fast pyrolysis bio-oil. In this context, this work provides new experimental data of speed of sound and density for five Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, also know FAMEs, (Methyl Caprylate, Methyl Caprate, Methyl Palmitate, Methyl Stearate and Methyl Linoleate), and seven pure components of pyrolysis bio-oil at atmospheric pressure for several phenols (phenol, o-, m- and p-cresol), two phenolic ethers (2-methoxyphenol and eugenol) and one phenolic ester (methyl salicylate) at temperatures ranging from (288.15 to 343.15) K. The predictive atomic Wada model was used to calculate speed of sound of FAMEs studied in this work, and the deviations were compared with group contribution Wada model. An extension of atomic Wada model was used to predict the speed of sound of pure compounds of fast pyrolysis bio-oil experimentally studied in this thesis. Furthermore, data of densities and speed of sound are correlated with the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP) model. The properties are well described by the PFP model, however the model presents a systematical deviation on the temperature dependency of the speed of sound. The performance of the predictive atomic Wada model was very satisfactory because its deviations are comparable to, or better than, those obtained in the literature with other models

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A velocidade do som é uma propriedade que vem sendo cada vez mais utilizada em diferentes áreas tecnológicas. Além disso, a velocidade do som é uma propriedade termodinâmica que está associada a outras propriedades do meio como a compressibilidade isentrópica e isotérmica, entre outras. Neste contexto, muitos estudos foram realizados a fim de obter modelos precisos que possam representar fielmente a velocidade do som, sendo observados desvios absolutos médios entre 0,13 e 24,8%. Neste trabalho, um banco de dados de velocidade do som e massa específica à pressão atmosférica de n-alcanos, alcanos ramificados, n-alcenos, aromáticos, alcoóis, éteres e ésteres, foram compilados da literatura aberta. Utilizando estes dados e baseando-se no modelo de Wada por contribuição de grupo recentemente proposto, foi desenvolvido um novo modelo por contribuição atômica para predizer a velocidade do som de todas as famílias dos compostos investigados neste trabalho. É mostrado que o modelo proposto é capaz de prever a velocidade do som para os compostos destas famílias com desvios próximos da incerteza experimental calculada a partir de diferentes dados da literatura. Este trabalho também discute o efeito da ramificação das cadeias na constante Wada, ressaltando a importância de novas medições para este tipo de compostos. Além disso, observou-se que a literatura necessita de mais dados experimentais de velocidade do som, à pressão atmosférica e diferentes temperaturas para substâncias puras presentes em biodiesel e bio-óleo de pirólise rápida. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho fornece novos dados experimentais de velocidade do som e massa específica de cinco ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos, também conhecidos como FAMEs, (caprilato de metila, caprato de metila, palmitato de metila, estearato de metila e linoleato de metila), e sete componentes puros presentes em bio-óleo de pirólise à pressão atmosférica, de vários fenóis (fenol, o-, m- e p-cresol), dois éteres fenólicos (2-metoxifenol e eugenol) e um éster fenólico (salicilato de metila), a temperaturas de (288,15-343,15) K. O modelo preditivo de Wada atômico foi utilizado para calcular a velocidade do som dos FAMEs estudados neste trabalho, e os desvios foram comparados com o modelo de Wada por contribuição de grupo. O modelo atômico de Wada foi utilizado para prever a velocidade do som dos componentes puros presentes no bio-óleo de pirólise rápida experimentalmente estudados nesta dissertação. Além disso, os dados de massa específica e velocidade de som foram correlacionados com o modelo de Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP). As propriedades foram bem representadas pelo modelo PFP, no entanto, para a velocidade do som o modelo apresenta desvios sistemáticos na dependência com a temperatura. O desempenho do modelo preditivo de Wada atômico foi considerado satisfatório, devido os desvios observados serem compatíveis ou até menores do que os desvios típicos obtidos na literatura com outros modelos correlativos para o cálculo da velocidade do som de outras substâncias / Speed of sound is a property that is being increasingly used in different technological areas. Furthermore, the speed of sound is a thermodynamic property which is associated with other properties of the medium, such as isentropic and isothermal compressibility, among others. In this context, many studies were carried out to obtain accurate models that can faithfully represent the speed of sound, with average absolute deviations between 0.13 and 24.8%. In this work a database of speed of sound and density at atmospheric pressure for n-alkanes, branched alkanes, n-alkenes, aromatics, alcohols, ethers and esters were collected from the open literature. Using these data a Wada group contribution model recently proposed was used as basis for the development of a new atomic contribution model to predict speed of sound for all families of compounds investigated in this work. It is shown that the proposed model is able to predict the speed of sound for compounds of these families with deviations close to the experimental reproducibility. This work also discusses the effect of branching on the Wadas constant, pointing out the importance of new measurements for this type of compounds. It was also observed that the literature needs more experimental data of speed of sound at atmospheric pressure and different temperature for pure compounds present in biodiesel and fast pyrolysis bio-oil. In this context, this work provides new experimental data of speed of sound and density for five Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, also know FAMEs, (Methyl Caprylate, Methyl Caprate, Methyl Palmitate, Methyl Stearate and Methyl Linoleate), and seven pure components of pyrolysis bio-oil at atmospheric pressure for several phenols (phenol, o-, m- and p-cresol), two phenolic ethers (2-methoxyphenol and eugenol) and one phenolic ester (methyl salicylate) at temperatures ranging from (288.15 to 343.15) K. The predictive atomic Wada model was used to calculate speed of sound of FAMEs studied in this work, and the deviations were compared with group contribution Wada model. An extension of atomic Wada model was used to predict the speed of sound of pure compounds of fast pyrolysis bio-oil experimentally studied in this thesis. Furthermore, data of densities and speed of sound are correlated with the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP) model. The properties are well described by the PFP model, however the model presents a systematical deviation on the temperature dependency of the speed of sound. The performance of the predictive atomic Wada model was very satisfactory because its deviations are comparable to, or better than, those obtained in the literature with other models

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Salete Polonia Borilli.pdf: 961192 bytes, checksum: 1481efd9b520753fbb339f4168f11673 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-05 / The objective of this work consists of an analysis of the economic crime of Paraná State through a case study developed in the Central (PCP), Feminine (PFP) and State (PEP) Penitentiaries in the city of Piraquara, based on a primary data collected from questionnaires/interviews which were applied to previously judged and condemned defendants for economic crimes. In this research, the hypothesis that the criminals migration to illegal activities was in the hope of earning more than the risks of the activity was not rejected. The option for the practice of crime of economic nature is a rational and individual one, with or without the influence of others, in face of the perception of costs and benefits such as those made by individuals in relation to others decisions of economic nature. The offenders make individual decisions when the results of criminal action fulfill their interest well or better than the collective action. The relation crime-unemployment did not prove to be so strong in this research, since the majority of the respondents were working when the practice of crime happened. The association of criminality with low level of education was confirmed; the majority of respondents have got only Educação Fundamental (first to four grades), what suggests that high levels of education and better jobs (well payment) can restrict or to retrain the criminality. We observed that more audacious criminal practices besides high levels of organization and planning are essential requisites to these tasks. The principal crime realized were: robbery deal in drugs, fraud, armed-robbery, abduction and extortion that the majority were realized by white young men from the State of Paraná, member of a religious community and having a family. The choice of the type of crime to be realized and the victims, was determined in function of material interest and possible earnings. The main personal motivation to act illegally vis-à-vis to legal was: the induction of friends, the greediness, to maintain the vice, the inconsequence and the wish of adventure, the difficult of money and the idea of easy earnings. The main factors of failure were: the informer, the police's action and their own failure; though, the failure do not refer to the punishment, but to the economic gains not reached. The research revealed that for most of respondents the illegal activity results in some degree of success and for a significant number the economic return was the expected, what justify the great number of relapsing. Finally, for the majority of them the Justice System was considered as insufficient to impede the criminal activity. / O objetivo deste trabalho consiste na análise do crime econômico no Paraná por meio de um estudo de caso nas Penitenciárias Central de Piraquara (PCP), Estadual de Piraquara (PEP) e Feminina de Piraquara (PFP), a partir de dados primários obtidos via aplicação de questionários/entrevistas a réus já julgados e condenados por crimes econômicos. Como corolário deste estudo, não se rejeitou a hipótese de que os criminosos migraram para as atividades ilegais na esperança de os ganhos esperados superassem os riscos da atividade. A opção pela prática do crime de natureza econômica é uma decisão individual tomada racionalmente, com ou sem influências de terceiros, em face da percepção de custos e benefícios, assim como os indivíduos fazem em relação a outras decisões de natureza econômica. Os criminosos agem individualmente quando os resultados da ação criminosa servem aos seus interesses tão bem, ou melhor, que a ação coletiva. A relação crime-desemprego não se constatou tão fortemente neste estudo, pois a maioria dos entrevistados estava trabalhando na época da prática do crime. A associação da criminalidade com o baixo nível de escolaridade foi confirmada, porquanto a maioria dos entrevistados possuía até o 1o grau, o que sugere que maiores níveis educacionais e melhores empregos (com maiores remunerações) podem vir a coibir e/ou tolher a criminalidade. Observou-se que práticas criminosas mais audaciosas e com maior nível de organização e planejamento fazem da educação um requisito essencial para execução de suas tarefas. Os principais crimes econômicos cometidos foram: roubo, latrocínio, tráfico de drogas, furto, estelionato, seqüestro e extorsão, concentrados na sua maioria nos homens brancos, paranaenses, jovens, tendo religião e família. A escolha do tipo de crime a ser praticado, bem como suas vítimas, foi determinado em função do interesse material e da possível renda auferida. Os fatores motivacionais que levaram o indivíduo a atuar no setor ilegal vis-à-vis o setor legal foram: a indução de "amigos", a cobiça/ambição/ganância, manter o sustento do vício, a inconseqüência e desejo de aventura, a dificuldade financeira e a idéia do ganho fácil. Os principais fatores que levaram ao insucesso foram: o dedo-duro (alcagüete), a ação da polícia e a falha própria - descuido, contudo o insucesso citado não se refere à punibilidade, e sim ao retorno econômico não alcançado. A pesquisa revelou que para a maioria dos entrevistados a atividade ilegal resultou em algum grau de sucesso e para um número significativo o retorno econômico foi o esperado, o que justifica o alto índice de reincidentes. Finalmente, o Sistema de Justiça foi considerado, pela maioria, como ineficiente para coibir a atividade criminosa.