Waterborne diseases, particularly those caused by microbial contamination such as Esche?richia coli (E. coli), present a global health challenge. This study centers on developing TiO2- decorated biochar nanocomposites, serving as a high-performance photocatalyst to combat E. coli contamination in water sources. TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) and deposited onto biochar. Structural and chemical properties were assessed using Scan?ning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT?IR) spectroscopy. The nanocomposites were tested for photocatalytic disinfection efficiency under UV–Vis irradiation and petrifilm imaging data indicate significant E. coli inactivation, highlight?ing the potential of these nanocomposites for microbial contamination control. Furthermore, using sustainable materials such as biochar supports the development of eco-friendly water treatment. This research contributes offers an innovative solution for microbial contamination, potentially impacting public health significantly. Ongoing studies seek to enhance synthesis methods and as?sess nanocomposite performance in various environments, advancing real-world applicability.