Credit risk is one of the major risks banks and financial institutions are faced with. With the New Basel Capital Accord, banks and financial institutions have the opportunity to improve their risk management process by using Internal Rating Based (IRB) approach. In this thesis, we focused on the internal credit rating process. First, a short overview of credit scoring techniques and validation techniques was given. By using real data set obtained from a Turkish bank about manufacturing firms, default prediction logistic regression, probit regression, discriminant analysis and classification and regression trees models were built. To improve the performances of the models the optimum sample for logistic regression was selected from the data set and taken as the model construction sample. In addition, also an information on how to convert continuous variables to ordered scaled variables to avoid difference in scale problem was given. After the models were built the performances of models for whole data set including both in sample and out of sample were evaluated with validation techniques suggested by Basel Committee. In most cases classification and regression trees model dominates the other techniques. After credit scoring models were constructed and evaluated, cut-off values used to map probability of default obtained from logistic regression to rating classes were determined with dual objective optimization. The cut-off values that gave the maximum area under ROC curve and minimum mean square error of regression tree was taken as the optimum threshold after 1000 simulation. Keywords: Credit Rating, Classification and Regression Trees, ROC curve, Pietra Index

Il lavoro si occupa dell'evoluzione diacronica del sito incastellato di Monte Copiolo (Italia, regione Marche, provincia di Pesaro e Urbino) tra X e XVI secolo. / The work deals with the diachronic evolution of the Monte Copiolo’s castle, in Montefeltro (Italy, Marche region, province of Pesaro and Urbino) between X and XVI century.