Error-control codes, which are being extensively used in communication systems, have found themselves very useful in data storage as well during the past decade. This thesis deals with two types of codes for data storage, one pertaining to the issue of privacy and the other to reliability. In many scenarios, user accessing some critical data from a server would not want the server to learn the identity of data retrieved. This problem, called Private Information Retrieval (PIR) was rst formally introduced by Chor et al and they gave protocols for PIR in the case where multiple copies of the same data is stored in non-communicating servers. The PIR protocols that came up later also followed this replication model. The problem with data replication is the high storage overhead involved, which will lead to large storage costs. Later, Fazeli, Vardy and Yaakobi, came up with the notion of PIR code that enables information-theoretic PIR with low storage overhead. In the rst part of this thesis, construction of PIR codes for certain parameter values is presented. These constructions are based on a variant of conventional Reed-Muller (RM) codes called binary Projective Reed-Muller (PRM) codes. A lower bound on block length of systematic PIR codes is derived and the PRM based PIR codes are shown to be optimal with respect to this bound in some special cases. The codes constructed here have smaller block lengths than the short block length PIR codes known in the literature. The generalized Hamming weights of binary PRM codes are also studied. Another work described here is the implementation and evaluation of an erasure code called Coupled Layer (CL) code in Ceph distributed storage system. Erasure codes are used in distributed storage to ensure reliability. An additional desirable feature required for codes used in this setting is the ability to handle node repair efficiently. The Minimum Storage Regenerating (MSR) version of CL code downloads optimal amount of data from other nodes during repair of a failed node and even disk reads during this process is optimum, for that storage overhead. The CL-Near-MSR code, which is a variant of CL-MSR, can efficiently handle a restricted set of multiple node failures also. Four example CL codes were evaluated using a 26 node Amazon cluster and performance metrics like network bandwidth, disk read and repair time were measured. Repair time reduction of the order of 3 was observed for one of those codes, in comparison with Reed Solomon code having same parameters. To the best of our knowledge, such large gains in repair performance have never been demonstrated before.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoCCC_Tese.pdf: 6036178 bytes, checksum: 727254139329ebb7c43b5e0b8663b5e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-13 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / The obtaining of ceramic materials from polymeric precursors is subject of numerous studies due to lower energy costs compared to conventional processing. The aim of this study is to investigate and improve the mechanism for obtaining ceramic matrix composite (CMC) based on SiOC/Al2O3/TiC by pyrolysis of polysiloxane in the presence of an active filler and inert filler in the pyrolysis temperature lower than the usually adopted for this technique, with greater strength. It also investigates the influence of pyrolysis temperature, the content of Alas active filler, the presence of infiltrating agents (Al, glass and polymer) after pyrolysis, temperature and infiltration time on some physical and mechanical properties. Alumina is used as inert filler and Al and Ti as active filler in the pyrolysis. Aluminum, glass and polysiloxane are used as agents infiltrating the post-pyrolysis. The results are analyzed with respect to porosity and bulk density by the Archimedes method, the presence of crystalline phases by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ceramic pyrolyzed between 850 ?C 1400 ?C contain porosity 15% to 33%, density 2.34 g/cm3 and flexural strength at 4 points from 30 to 42 MPa. The microstructure features are porous, with an array of Al2O3 reinforced by TiC particles and AlTi3. The infiltration post-pyrolysis reveals decrease in porosity and increase density and strength. The composites have potential applications where thermal stability is the main requirement / A obten??o de materiais cer?micos a partir de precursores polim?ricos ? objeto de in?meros estudos devido ao menor custo energ?tico em rela??o ao processamento convencional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar e aprimorar o mecanismo de obten??o de comp?sito de matriz cer?mica (CMC) baseado em SiOC/Al2O3/TiC pela pir?lise de um polissiloxano em presen?a de cargas ativa e inerte, em temperatura de pir?lise inferior ? usualmente adotada para essa t?cnica, com maior resist?nci mec?nica. Tamb?m se investiga a influ?ncia da temperatura de pir?lise, do teor de Al como carga ativa, da presen?a de agentes infiltrantes (Al, vidro de La e pol?mero polissiloxano) p?s-pir?lise, da temperatura e do tempo de infiltra??o sobre algumas propriedades f?sicas e mec?nicas. A alumina ? utilizada como carga inerte e Ti e Al como carga ativa na pir?lise. Alum?nio, vidro de La e um polissiloxano s?o utilizados como agentes infiltrantes p?s-pir?lise. Os materiais obtidos foram analisados com rela??o ? porosidade e densidade aparente pelo m?todo de Arquimedes, a presen?a de fases cristalinas por difratometria de raios-X (DRX) e a microestrutura por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). Os corpos cer?micos pirolisados entre 850 ?C 1400 ?C apresentam porosidade de 15 -33%, densidade de 2,34 2,62 g/cm3 e resist?ncia mec?nica ? flex?o em 4 pontos de 30 -42 MPa. A microestrutura apresentou-se porosa, com uma matriz de Al2O3 refor?ada por part?culas de TiC e AlTi3. A infiltra??o p?s-pir?lise revelou redu??o da porosidade e incremento da densidade, dos corpos infiltrados, em torno de 20% e da resist?ncia mec?nica em torno de 40%, com o Al e o pol?mero agindo mais eficazmente como agentes infiltrantes, sob v?cuo. As propriedades mec?nicas de comp?sitos processados sem press?o de compacta??o se apresentaram equivalentes ?quelas de algumas literaturas em que se utilizou press?o de compacta??o e retra??o linear de apenas 2%, bem. Os comp?sitos obtidos apresentam potencial de aplica??o onde estabilidade t?rmica ? o principal requisito.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KarenPBA_DISSERT.pdf: 3887883 bytes, checksum: 3ebc4a634530a0a4a6493a962284d14f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The bio-oil obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass has appeared as inter-esting alternative to replace fossil fuels. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of temperature on the yield of products originating from the pyrolysis process of the powder obtained from the dried twigs of avel?s (Euphorbia tirucalli), using a rotating cylinder reactor in laboratory scale. The biomass was treated and characterized by: CHNS, moisture, volatiles, fixed carbon and ashes, as well as evaluation of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, besides other instrumental techniques such as: FTIR, TG/DTG, DRX, FRX and MEV. The activation energy was evaluated in non-isothemichal mode with heating rates of 5 and 10 oC/min. The obtained results showed biomass as feedstock with potential for biofuel production, because presents a high organic matter content (78,3%) and fixed-carbon (7,11%). The activation energy required for the degradation of biomass ranged between 232,92 392,84 kJ/mol, in the temperature range studied and heating rate of 5 and 10?C/min. In the pyrolysis process, the influence of the reaction temperature was studied (350-520 ? C), keeping constant the other variables, such as, the flow rate of carrier gas, the centrifugal speed for the bio-oil condensationa, the biomass flow and the rotation of the reactor. The maximum yield of bio-oil was obtained in the temperature of 450?C. In this temperature, the results achieved where: content of bio-oil 8,12%; char 32,7%; non-condensed gas 35,4%; losts 23,8%; gross calorific value 3,43MJ/kg; pH 4,93 and viscosity 1,5cP. The chromatographic analysis of the bio-oil produced under these conditions shows mainly the presence of phenol (17,71%), methylciclopentenone (10,56%) and dimethylciclopentenone (7,76%) / O bio-?leo obtido da pir?lise da biomassa tem aparecido como alternativa interessante para substitui??o dos combust?veis f?sseis. O objetivo deste trabalho ? avaliar a influ?ncia da temperatura no rendimento dos produtos originados do processo de pir?lise do p? obtido dos galhos secos do avel?s (Euphorbia tirucalli), utilizando um reator de cilindro rotativo em escala de laborat?rio. A biomassa foi tratada e caracterizada por: CHNS, umidade, materiais vol?teis, cinzas e carbono fixo, bem como, avalia??o dos teores de lignina, celulose e hemicelulose, al?m de outras t?cnicas instrumentais, tais como: FTIR, TG/DTG, DRX, FRX e MEV. A energia de ativa??o foi avaliada no regime n?o isot?rmico com taxas de aquecimento de 5 e 10 oC/min. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a biomassa como mat?ria prima com potencial para produ??o de biocombust?veis, pois apresenta alto teor de mat?ria org?nica (78,3%) e carbono fixo (7,11%). A energia de ativa??o exigida para degrada??o da biomassa variou entre 232,92 392,84 kJ/mol, no intervalo de temperatura da rea??o estudado e taxa de aquecimento de 5 e 10oC/min. No processo de pir?lise, estudou-se a influ?ncia da temperatura da rea??o (350-520 ?C), mantendo-se constantes as demais vari?veis, ou seja, a vaz?o do g?s de arraste , a velocidade de centrifuga??o para condensa??o do bio-?leo, a vaz?o de biomassa e a rota??o do reator. O rendimento m?ximo em bio-?leo foi obtido na temperatura de 450?C. Nessa temperatura, os resultados alcan?ados foram: teor de bio?leo de 8,12%; carv?o 32,7%; fase gasosa n?o condensada 35,4%; perdas 23,8%; poder calor?fico superior 3,43MJ/kg; pH 4,93; viscosidade 1,5cP. A an?lise cromatogr?fica do bio-?leo produzido nessas condi??es mostra a presen?a, principalmente, de fenol (17,71%), metilciclopentenona (10,56%) e dimetilciclopentenona (7,76%)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KarenPBA_DISSERT.pdf: 3887883 bytes, checksum: 3ebc4a634530a0a4a6493a962284d14f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The bio-oil obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass has appeared as inter-esting alternative to replace fossil fuels. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of temperature on the yield of products originating from the pyrolysis process of the powder obtained from the dried twigs of avel?s (Euphorbia tirucalli), using a rotating cylinder reactor in laboratory scale. The biomass was treated and characterized by: CHNS, moisture, volatiles, fixed carbon and ashes, as well as evaluation of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, besides other instrumental techniques such as: FTIR, TG/DTG, DRX, FRX and MEV. The activation energy was evaluated in non-isothemichal mode with heating rates of 5 and 10 oC/min. The obtained results showed biomass as feedstock with potential for biofuel production, because presents a high organic matter content (78,3%) and fixed-carbon (7,11%). The activation energy required for the degradation of biomass ranged between 232,92 392,84 kJ/mol, in the temperature range studied and heating rate of 5 and 10?C/min. In the pyrolysis process, the influence of the reaction temperature was studied (350-520 ? C), keeping constant the other variables, such as, the flow rate of carrier gas, the centrifugal speed for the bio-oil condensationa, the biomass flow and the rotation of the reactor. The maximum yield of bio-oil was obtained in the temperature of 450?C. In this temperature, the results achieved where: content of bio-oil 8,12%; char 32,7%; non-condensed gas 35,4%; losts 23,8%; gross calorific value 3,43MJ/kg; pH 4,93 and viscosity 1,5cP. The chromatographic analysis of the bio-oil produced under these conditions shows mainly the presence of phenol (17,71%), methylciclopentenone (10,56%) and dimethylciclopentenone (7,76%) / O bio-?leo obtido da pir?lise da biomassa tem aparecido como alternativa interessante para substitui??o dos combust?veis f?sseis. O objetivo deste trabalho ? avaliar a influ?ncia da temperatura no rendimento dos produtos originados do processo de pir?lise do p? obtido dos galhos secos do avel?s (Euphorbia tirucalli), utilizando um reator de cilindro rotativo em escala de laborat?rio. A biomassa foi tratada e caracterizada por: CHNS, umidade, materiais vol?teis, cinzas e carbono fixo, bem como, avalia??o dos teores de lignina, celulose e hemicelulose, al?m de outras t?cnicas instrumentais, tais como: FTIR, TG/DTG, DRX, FRX e MEV. A energia de ativa??o foi avaliada no regime n?o isot?rmico com taxas de aquecimento de 5 e 10 oC/min. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a biomassa como mat?ria prima com potencial para produ??o de biocombust?veis, pois apresenta alto teor de mat?ria org?nica (78,3%) e carbono fixo (7,11%). A energia de ativa??o exigida para degrada??o da biomassa variou entre 232,92 392,84 kJ/mol, no intervalo de temperatura da rea??o estudado e taxa de aquecimento de 5 e 10oC/min. No processo de pir?lise, estudou-se a influ?ncia da temperatura da rea??o (350-520 ?C), mantendo-se constantes as demais vari?veis, ou seja, a vaz?o do g?s de arraste , a velocidade de centrifuga??o para condensa??o do bio-?leo, a vaz?o de biomassa e a rota??o do reator. O rendimento m?ximo em bio-?leo foi obtido na temperatura de 450?C. Nessa temperatura, os resultados alcan?ados foram: teor de bio?leo de 8,12%; carv?o 32,7%; fase gasosa n?o condensada 35,4%; perdas 23,8%; poder calor?fico superior 3,43MJ/kg; pH 4,93; viscosidade 1,5cP. A an?lise cromatogr?fica do bio-?leo produzido nessas condi??es mostra a presen?a, principalmente, de fenol (17,71%), metilciclopentenona (10,56%) e dimetilciclopentenona (7,76%)

The theme of this thesis is the design of peripheral devices of a smart home SmartFlat and the design of communication interface for this system. Designed units are the humidity and temperature measuring unit, the unit of security and the smart socket unit for remote control, power measurement and power control. All units are designed for wired communicaton and also for wireless communication with control unit.

Durch zunehmende Restriktionen in der Anwendung von halogenhaltigen Flammschutzmitteln (wie z.B. Tris(2-chlorisopropyl)phosphat) besteht Bedarf an halogenfreien Alternativen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden neuartige flüssige Flammschutzmittel für Polyurethan- und Polyisocyanurat-Hartschaumstoffe synthetisiert und charakterisiert. Als Ausgangsmaterialien dafür dienten sowohl s-Triazinchlorid als auch s-Heptazinchlorid. Die Derivate wurden mittels Michaelis-Arbuzov-Reaktion hergestellt und die erhaltenen Produkte anschließend charakterisiert. Ausgewählte hergestellte Verbindungen wurden in Hartschaummaterialien eingearbeitet und auf ihre Flammschutzeigenschaften getestet. Des Weiteren wurde der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Reaktionsbedingungen auf die Produktzusammensetzung untersucht. Es konnten positive Flammschutzeigenschaften für s-Triazinphosphonate nachgewiesen werden. Auch für die neu etablierte Substanzklasse der s−Heptazinphosphonate konnte eine flammhemmende Wirkung nachgewiesen werden.:Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 2 Stickstoffreiche Verbindungen 2.1 Einführung in die Stoffklasse der s-Triazine 2.2 Einführung in die Stoffklasse der s-Heptazine 3 Kunststoffchemie 3.1 Einteilung von Kunststoffen 3.2 Einführung in die Stoffklasse der PUR-Verbindungen 3.3 Anwendung von PUR-Schaumstoffen 4 Flammschutz 4.1 Grundlagen Flammschutz 4.2 Weitere Flammschutzmittel 4.2.1 Phosphorhaltige Flammschutzmittel 4.2.2 Stickstoffhaltige Flammschutzmittel 4.2.3 Halogenhaltige Flammschutzmittel 4.3 Toxikologie ausgewählter Flammschutzmittel 4.4 Aktuelle Forschung im Bereich halogenfreier Flammschutzmittel 5 Ergebnisse und Diskussion 5.1 s-Triazinphosphonate 5.1.1 Identifikation der chem. Zusammensetzung mittels NMR-Spektroskopie 5.1.2 Untersuchung des Einflusses von Stöchiometrie, Zugabemethode, Temperatur und Feuchtigkeit auf s-Triazinphosphonate mittels NMR-Spektroskopie 5.1.3 Chlor- und Phosphorgehalt 5.1.4 Einfluss auf den Aggregatzustand 5.1.5 Thermisches Verhalten 5.1.6 Infrarotspektroskopie 5.1.7 UV/Vis-Spektroskopie 5.2 s-Triazinphosphonate als Flammschutzmittel 5.2.1 Restriktionen halogenhaltiger Flammschutzmittel 5.2.2 Flammschutzmittel für PUR- und PIR-Hartschäume 5.2.3 Verschäumungsverhalten der s-Triazinphosphonate 5.2.4 Untersuchung der Flammschutzeigenschaften 5.2.5 Sonstige Schaumeigenschaften 5.2.6 Fazit und Ausblick zu den s-Triazinphosphonaten als Flammschutzmittel 5.3 Sonstige s-Triazin-Verbindungen 5.4 s-Heptazinphosphonate 5.4.1 Identifikation der Produkte mittels NMR-Spektroskopie 5.4.2 Einkristallstrukturanalyse 5.4.3 Phosphorgehalt 5.4.4 Thermisches Verhalten 5.4.5 Infrarotspektroskopie 5.4.6 UV/Vis-Spektroskopie 5.5 s-Heptazinphosphonate als Flammschutzmittel 5.6 Sonstige s-Heptazin-Verbindungen 5.6.1 Umsetzung Heptazinchlorid mit stickstoffreichen Verbindungen 5.6.2 Herstellung von Salzen der Thiocyamelursäure 6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 7 Experimentelle Durchführung 7.1 Geräte und Methoden 7.1.1 NMR-Spektroskopie 7.1.2 FTIR-Spektroskopie 7.1.3 Schmelzpunktbestimmung 7.1.4 Mikro-Siedepunktbestimmung 7.1.5 Thermogravimetrische Analysen 7.1.6 Py-GC-MS Messungen 7.1.7 Viskositätsmessung 7.1.8 UV/Vis-Spektroskopie 7.1.9 ICP-OES 7.1.10 Elementaranalyse 7.1.11 Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse 7.1.12 Limiting Oxygen Index 7.1.13 Kleinbrennertest nach DIN13501 Klasse E 7.1.14 Cone Kalorimetrie 7.1.15 Schaumdichtebestimmung 7.1.16 Bestimmung der Geschlossenzelligkeit 7.1.17 Wärmeleitfähigkeit 7.1.18 Druckfestigkeit 7.2 Verwendete Chemikalien 7.3 Versuchsdurchführung 7.3.1 Umsetzung von Cyanurchlorid mit Trialkyl- bzw. Triarylphosphiten 7.3.2 Weitere Umsetzungen zu s-Triazin-Derivaten 7.3.3 Synthese Kaliumcyamelurat 7.3.4 Synthese Heptazinchlorid 7.3.5 Umsetzung von Heptazinchlorid mit Trialkyl- bzw. Triarylphosphiten 7.3.6 Nukleophile Substitutionen mit Heptazinchlorid 7.3.7 Schwefelhaltige Heptazinderviate 7.3.8 Präparation PUR Hartschaum für LOI Tests 7.3.9 Präparation PIR Hartschaum für LOI Tests 7.3.10 Präparation PUR- und PIR-Hartschaum für EN 13501 Klasse E & Cone Kalorimetrie 7.3.11 Chemische Zusammensetzung der A- und B- Komponente 8 Anhang 8.1 Kristallographische Tabellen 8.2 Eidesstattliche Erklärung 8.3 Publikationsliste 8.4 Lebenslauf 8.5 Danksagung 9 Literaturverzeichnis

This diploma thesis deals with design, realization and analysis of security and surveillance systems for buildings and spaces containing advanced components. One of the main design's parts is dedicated to intruder alarm system, access system, attendance and CCTV systems with the possibility of automatic motion tracking. Controlling and monitoring of particular subsystems is possible both locally and remotely from a computer via a web interface or by means of a software. The access to camera system from a mobile phone is also possible. IAS/ACS systems also enable controlling and transferring information about their state via SMS. The designed system was realized completely and its operating was demonstrated. The realization is described in detail including illustration of configuration of particular components. A security analysis and a possible future development of the project is summarized in the conclusion.

No description available.

Les entreprises pharmaceutiques ont progressivement adopté le concept de Process Analytical Technology (PAT) afin de contrôler et d'assurer en temps réel la qualité des produits pharmaceutiques au cours de leur production. Le PAT et un composant central du concept plus général de Quality-by-Design (QbD) promu par les agence régulatrices et visant à construire la qualité des produits via une approche scientifique et la gestion des risques.Une méthode basée sur la spectroscopie proche infrarouge (PIR) a été développée comme un outil du PAT pour contrôler en ligne la cristallisation d'un principe actif pharmaceutique. Au cours du procédé les teneurs en principe actif et en solvant résiduel doivent être déterminées avec précision afin d'atteindre un point d'ensemencement prédéfini. Une méthodologie basée sur les principes du QbD a guidé le développement et la validation de la méthode tout en assurant l'adéquation avec son utilisation prévue. Des modèles basés sur les moindres carrés partiels ont été construits à l'aide d'outils chimiométriques afin de quantifier les 2 analytes d'intérêt. La méthode a été totalement validée conformément aux requis officiels en utilisant les profils d'exactitude. Un suivi du procédé en temps réel a permis de prouver que la méthode correspond à son usage prévu.L'implémentation de cette méthode comme à l'échelle industrielle au lancement de ce nouveau procédé permettra le contrôle automatique de l'étape de cristallisation dans le but d'assurer un niveau de qualité prédéfini de l'API. D'autres avantages sont attendus incluant la réduction du temps du procédé, la suppression d'un échantillonnage difficile et d'analyses hors ligne fastidieuses. / Pharmaceutical companies are progressively adopting and introducing the Process Analytical Technology (PAT) concept to control and ensure in real-time product quality in development and manufacturing. PAT is a key component of the Quality-by-Design (QbD) framework promoted by the regulatory authorities, aiming the building of product quality based on both a strong scientific background and a quality risk management approach.An analytical method based on near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was developed as a PAT tool to control on-line an API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) crystallization. During this process the API and residual solvent contents need to be precisely determined to reach a predefined seeding point. An original methodology based on the QbD principles was applied to conduct the development and validation of the NIR method and to ensure that it is fitted for its intended use. Partial least squares (PLS) models were developed and optimized through chemometrics tools in order to quantify the 2 analytes of interest. The method was fully validated according to the official requirements using the accuracy profile approach. Besides, a real-time process monitoring was added to the validation phase to prove and document that the method is fitted for purpose.Implementation of this method as an in-process control at industrial plant from the launch of this new pharmaceutical process will enable automatic control of the crystallization step in order to ensure a predefined quality level of the API. Other valuable benefits are expected such as reduction of the process time, and suppression of a difficult sampling and tedious off-line analyzes.

In the opening part of this thesis, the reader is briefly introduced into safety technique devices. There are basic types of security sensors discussed together with the most common methods of their connection with the security central. Further text focuses on elaborating the main topic of this thesis - the design of home security central equipped with a WiFi interface.