<p>Today outsourcing is a widely-used method for companies to face the problem of a more and</p><p>more competitive business world. Especially offshore outsourcing to a distant country, where</p><p>the labour costs are comparatively low, is quite popular in the media. Nevertheless, a lot of</p><p>companies fail in accomplishing the high gains they hoped for. One reason for this is the</p><p>miscalculation of the effects of outsourcing on the company which leads to a wrong</p><p>behaviour of the management during the outsourcing process. Hence, a better</p><p>understanding of the impact of outsourcing is crucial for the success of a company. To</p><p>improve this, one way is to analyse the planning environment and the resulting planning</p><p>method of a company before and after outsourcing.</p>

Today outsourcing is a widely-used method for companies to face the problem of a more and more competitive business world. Especially offshore outsourcing to a distant country, where the labour costs are comparatively low, is quite popular in the media. Nevertheless, a lot of companies fail in accomplishing the high gains they hoped for. One reason for this is the miscalculation of the effects of outsourcing on the company which leads to a wrong behaviour of the management during the outsourcing process. Hence, a better understanding of the impact of outsourcing is crucial for the success of a company. To improve this, one way is to analyse the planning environment and the resulting planning method of a company before and after outsourcing.

Die Veröffentlichung stellt die im Rahmen des DFG-Innovationskollegs "Bildung eines vernetzten Logistik- und Simulationszentrums" (1996-2000) entwickelte Methode zur integrativen modularen Produktionssystemplanung (IMP) vor. Diese orientiert auf: - typische Planungs- und Steuerungsaufgaben für KMU, die sich täglich neuen Wettbewerbsanforderungen stellen müssen - die Anordnung von Low-Cost-Lösungen unter Nutzung unternehmenseigener und käuflicher Software - mitarbeitereinbeziehende Planungsaktivitäten bis zur Layoutgestaltung - den Grundsatz der Produktionssystemplanung als permanente Managementaufgabe

The aim of this master's thesis is the implementation of optimal trajectory planning for an airplane flying in lower altitudes, which has to avoid collision with obstacles. For the planning we assume static and fully known environment. There are described principals, optimality and complexity for some chosen methods of planning in this thesis. And based on the methods' characteristics it's chosen the best method for implementation.

Die Veröffentlichung stellt die im Rahmen des DFG-Innovationskollegs "Bildung eines vernetzten Logistik- und Simulationszentrums" (1996-2000) entwickelte Methode zur integrativen modularen Produktionssystemplanung (IMP) vor. Diese orientiert auf: - typische Planungs- und Steuerungsaufgaben für KMU, die sich täglich neuen Wettbewerbsanforderungen stellen müssen - die Anordnung von Low-Cost-Lösungen unter Nutzung unternehmenseigener und käuflicher Software - mitarbeitereinbeziehende Planungsaktivitäten bis zur Layoutgestaltung - den Grundsatz der Produktionssystemplanung als permanente Managementaufgabe

Business Administration, Business Process and Supply Chain Management Degree Project (master), 15 higher education points, 4FE06E, Spring 2013 Authors: Jeremy Bellina, Olegs Bodins, Soeren Krieger and Mathilde Olivier Tutor: Roger Stokkedal Title: Managing Upstream Supply Chain in Order to Decrease Inventory Level: A Case Study on the Paper Merchant Papyrus Sweden. Background: The research is based on Papyrus Sweden, a paper merchant, which is facing a decrease in the demand of paper products. It was identified that inventory level reduction is now crucial for the company in order to stay in the market. Therefore, Papyrus Sweden is focused on inventory level and tied-up capital reduction in order to decrease costs and increase net profit. Purpose: This thesis aims to analyze the current situation in Papyrus Sweden in terms of inventory level and activities related to suppliers, and prepare recommendations which could help Papyrus Sweden to reduce its inventory level. Method: The data has been collected through interviews with managers from the supply chain department as well as through a data sample from Papyrus Sweden database given to the researchers. All data was analyzed and compared with the literature review. Data received from the database was processed and transformed in Microsoft Excel in order to make the analysis. Results: The analysis identifies issues in material planning methods, safety stock calculation, ABC-XYZ classification and forecast calculation, on which Papyrus Sweden could act in order to decrease its inventory level. Furthermore, the researchers identify two solutions Papyrus Sweden could implement with its suppliers in order to reduce inventory level which are a Service Level Agreement and a Vendor Managed Inventory system. Keywords: inventory level, material planning method, safety stock, ABC-XYZ classification, forecast calculation, replenishment lead time, supplier relationship, information sharing, Service Level Agreement (SLA), Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) and Collaborative planning, forecast and replenishment system (CPFR).

[pt] Na indústria da construção, conhecida por sua natureza dinâmica e caótica, muitas vezes há acidentes de trabalho. Os métodos de planejamento existentes que abordam incertezas, no entanto, frequentemente ignoram as variáveis de segurança, e a literatura relevante é escassa. Este estudo introduz um novo método de planejamento de obras focado na influência de ocorrências de segurança na duração do projeto, especificamente em projetos de construção de usinas de energia. A principal hipótese é que eventos de segurança durante a construção afetam significativamente a duração do projeto, levando a cronogramas deficientes quando não considerados no processo de planejamento. Utilizando a teoria de processos estocásticos, particularmente o processo de quase-nascimento e morte, o estudo explora como os estados de segurança influenciam os estados de atraso. Modelos de redes neurais complementam o modelo estocástico para previsão de séries temporais bivariadas derivadas dos estados estocásticos. Dados reais de projetos demonstram que os eventos de segurança, supondo eventos de atraso planejados, são mais do que o dobro do valor dos estados de atraso. A aplicação do modelo estocástico a um projeto real com um atraso planejado de 8 dias indica um estado de segurança mais provável de 19. Os modelos de memória de curto prazo de longo prazo superam os métodos estatísticos na previsão de séries temporais bivariadas, com uma métrica de estimação quadrática média raiz significativamente menor. A abordagem de planejamento de construção híbrida proposta mostra-se adequada para as fases de pré-construção e construção, oferecendo melhores indicadores de tomada de decisão e apoiando a gestão de segurança reativa. / [en] The construction industry, known for its dynamic and chaotic nature, often experiences work accidents. Existing planning methods addressing uncertainties, however, frequently overlook safety variables, and the relevant literature is scarce. This study introduces a novel construction planning method focused on investigating the impact of safety incidents on project duration, specifically in energy infrastructure construction projects. The main hypothesis is that safety events during construction significantly affect project duration, leading to deficient schedules when not considered in the planning process. Utilizing stochastic process theory, particularly the quasi birth and death process, the study explores how safety states influence delay states. Neural network models complement the stochastic model for forecasting bivariate time series derived from safety and delay stochastic states. Real-life project data demonstrates that safety events, assuming planned delay events, are over double the delay states value. Applying the stochastic model to a real project with a planned 8-day delay indicates a most probable safety state of 19. Long short-term memory models outperform statistical methods in bivariate time series forecasting, with a significantly smaller root mean square estimation metric. The proposed hybrid construction planning approach proves suitable for both pre-construction and construction phases, offering improved decision-making indicators and supporting reactive safety management.