Background: Social media is connecting billions of people from across the globe by fulfilling basic human needs of socializing and getting entertained. While companies are now actively turning to social media to know their customers better, build strong relationships, and spread marketing messages, many are still struggling to figure out what corporate social media content actually works on social media. Purpose: This research aims to understand what type of corporate social media content generates the most consumer response. Methodology: This study employs content analysis of recent social media posts by a selection of top brands in Sweden on two main social media platforms: Facebook and Twitter. A total of ten brands with origin from Sweden were selected, based on 2015 Swedish Brand Award ranking, and their posts were examined to find out influence of corporate social media content on consumer response. A total of 400 posts were examined on verified Twitter profiles and Facebook Pages of these brands. Findings: Type of content which refers to whether the post has image, video, or text-only content, and content orientation which can be task-oriented, self-oriented, or interaction-oriented have a statistically significant relationship with consumer response. In terms of type of content, posts with video and image content can lead to higher consumer response and in terms of content orientation task-oriented content can lead to higher consumer response. Other variables in the study, namely, communication cues, traceability cues, and time-frame have not emerged as significant in this study. Implications: When developing corporate social media content, it’s important to focus on type of content and content orientation. In terms of type of content, managers need to focus on having video and image content as this could lead to higher consumer response and in terms of content orientation, content related to brand / product / promotion (task-oriented) can lead to higher consumer response. Limitations: The study relies only on two main social media platforms and on the last 20 posts of each brand on each of these platforms and doesn’t take into account any seasonality as a full year period has not been studied. The study also relies on a general brand ranking list based in Sweden and not a ranking of brands on social media space. Further Research Suggestions: Future studies could focus on bringing more social media platforms into inquiry, improving sampling robustness by having a larger sample size and broader coverage of time period to account for any seasonality in data, comparing results between different countries, having a broader mix of brands in terms of type of business area or sector or stage of brand development, and blending together the corporate and consumer perspectives. Finally, to account for platform size differences, researchers need to come up with a measure that controls for this variation across platforms. Keywords: Social Media Content, Social Media Platforms, Facebook, Twitter, Communication

群眾募資是近年來最廣為被討論與使用的新興籌資方式，自2008年Indiegogo以及2009年Kickstarter等群眾募資網路平台相繼出現後，這種創新型態的籌資方式便從美國擴展到全世界。募資方透過平台展示提案理念與商品原型，以換取贊助者的出資贊助，並於計畫成功執行後提供回饋予出資者。群眾募資網路平台在這其中擔任兩者之間的牽線者，提供平台資源與行銷傳播建議。群眾募資平台依據其回饋方式的不同主要有四種不同的類型，分別為借款基礎集資、股權基礎集資、獎酬基礎集資、捐贈基礎集資。除了國際上廣為人知的Kickstarter與Indiegogo外，近幾年亞洲市場也受到了這波風潮影響，分別出現了中國的眾籌網、點名時間，以及台灣的flyingV、嘖嘖zeczec等等群眾募資平台。近年來台灣的許多重大事件，亦可在群眾募資網站上見其蹤影。可見其在社會上的影響力與日俱增。 本研究採個案研究法，選擇Indiegogo、Kickstarter、眾籌網、點名時間、flyingV、嘖嘖zeczec，分屬美國、中國、台灣三地、六個平台作為研究個案，欲了解其功能發展、內容服務、運作模式、創新價值、成功要素與商業模式策略。希望藉由對產業資料的蒐集，了解群眾募資產業的發展現況與市場定位。群眾募資網路平台已不僅僅是單純的募集資金功能，對小型創業團隊或中小企業而言，眾籌平台提供產品曝光機會與市場反應測試，降低初期的創業門檻與資金問題；對大型企業而言，群眾募資平台兼具新興行銷與網路通路的功能，除了能增加產品曝光的機會，亦能規避現有銷售通路的限制，加速產品的銷售! / Recent years, crowdfunding is the most widely discussed and used way to raise finance resources. Since Indiegogo founded in 2008, Kickstarter in 2009 and other crowdfunding web platforms, this innovative funding model has spread from the United States to the whole world. The project creator show their proposal and prototype on the platform in order to earn their support. When the project successfully executed, providing feedback to the financial contributions. The crowdfunding website platform serve as the router between this relationship, providing resources and marketing communication submittal. Owing to its feedback functional, crowdfunding platform can be categorized into four primary types: reward-based、donation-based、equity-based、credit-based. In addition to well-known international platform such as Indiegogo and Kickstarter, the Asian market has also been the impact of this effect in recent years such as the establishing of China’s zhongchou, demohour and Taiwan’s flying and zeczec. Last several years, many important events of Taiwan could also had been seen on the crowdfunding platform. Its influence power on the community has been more powerful day by day. This research adopts case study method, selecting Indiegogo, Kickstarter, zhongchou, demohour, flyingV and zeczec accordingly belong to the United States, China and Taiwan three different region as study cases. With theirs function rolls, content service, operating model, creative worth, wining factors and business model strategy, hopes to realize the crowdfunding industry current development and crowdfunding market. Crowdfunding platform is not only a simple function for raising funds for small entrepreneurial team or SMEs, but also providing product exposure and to test market reaction. Lower the financial gap for startup group’s venture capital. Besides the crowdfunding platforms combine the functions of marketing and physical channel, large enterprises could increase product exposure on platform avoiding the limitations of existing sales channels and accelerate product sales.

In this thesis, optimization techniques for a joint admission control and radio resource allocation are developed for multicasting over high altitude platforms. First, a primary system model in a multicellular high altitude platform system is considered, in which each user can receive any requested multicast session in its cell from no more than only one HAP antenna simultaneously. All the users have equal priority for admission. The users are selected to join the respective multicast groups and the power, subchannels and time slots are allocated such that the spectrum utilization is maximized while satisfying the quality of service requirements. Lagrangian relaxation and the subgradient algorithm are used to obtain solution bounds for the primary system model problem formulation. These bounds were then used in the branch and bound algorithm for pruning of nodes. The numerical results illustrate the goodness of the bounds for different constraint set dualizations and for different subgradient step size rules. The system model is then extended to allow the multicast group users to receive a session's transmission from more than one antenna simultaneously at different frequencies. This also allows the user to receive multicast sessions transmitted in neighboring cells too, not just those transmitted in the cell which the user resides in. The users have different priority levels of admission and the objective is to maximize the admission of highest priority users to the system. A much efficient formulation is obtained for the extended model in terms of size, as compared to the primary model. Linear outer approximation using McCormick underestimators are used for the relaxation of the mixed binary quadratically constrained problem. The solution method is based on branch and cut scheme in which cutting planes, domain propagation and heuristics are integrated. Various branching schemes are considered and a presolving reformulation linearization scheme for a specific set of quadratic constraints is considered. The numerical experiments compare the performances in terms of the duality gap, number of nodes, number of iterations, the number of iterations per node, the time needed to obtain the first feasible solution and the percentage of instances a feasible solution was found. / October 2016

O Direito do Trabalho estabelece normas e princípios que regulam a relação de emprego, além de outras relações de trabalho legalmente equiparadas, quando houver a concorrência de todos os requisitos exigidos pela lei para sua incidência, dos quais se destaca, para este estudo, a subordinação. Tal requisito é identificado a partir de critérios que se confundem com a própria matriz do Direito do Trabalho, típica da sociedade industrial, os quais, todavia, vêm sofrendo transformações diante das novas formas de exercício do poder diretivo do empregador, surgidas, sobretudo, pelo avanço da tecnologia na área da comunicação e pelo crescimento do setor de serviços em detrimento do trabalho na indústria. O presente trabalho busca identificar quais os principais desafios ao modelo tradicional do Direito do Trabalho, fundado no conceito clássico de subordinação, considerando os serviços prestados sob demanda por meio de plataformas digitais. Para tanto, buscou descrever a evolução das classificações tradicionais das relações de trabalho e identificar as principais características do trabalho prestado por meio de plataformas digitais. Após, foi realizado levantamento de decisões dos Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho da 2ª e 3ª Regiões, referentes a reclamações trabalhistas, cujo pleito consistia no reconhecimento de vínculo empregatício pelos motoristas em relação à empresa Uber, dada a representatividade desta plataforma, dentre outras prestadoras desse tipo de serviço; também foram analisadas decisões paradigmas no Direito Comparado sobre o tema. A partir da sistematização das decisões analisadas, foi possível identificar os principais critérios utilizados pelos julgadores para a decisão da existência ou não de trabalho subordinado, bem como as tendências de mudanças interpretativas e adoção de novos critérios. Por fim, foram colocados os pontos sensíveis para a regulação do tema, como limitação da jornada de trabalho, segurança e discriminação, concluindo-se que para enfrentar tais desafios é necessária a superação da visão fundada nos requisitos tradicionais de identificação da subordinação, e, portanto, da própria relação de emprego, rumo a uma interpretação que leve em conta as novas formas e instrumentos de atuação do poder diretivo do empregador. / Labor Law is governed by norms and principles that regulate the employment relationship between employee and employer, in addition to other legally equivalent relations. For this study, subordination stands out from the other elements, being traditionally identified from criteria that are part of the established matrix of Labor Law itself, typical of industrial society. However, transformations due to the development of technology in communications and the growth of the service sector have led to new forms of exercizing the employer\'s directive power in relation to those exercied in the employment in industry. The present work aims to identify the main challenges to the traditional model of Labor Law, based on the classic concept of subordination (prior to the advent of the digital economy) but now having to consider the services provided on demand through digital platforms. To do so, it seeks to describe the evolution of the traditional classifications of labor relations and to identify the main characteristics of the work performed through digital platforms. An investigation was then made on the decisions of the Regional Labor Courts of the 2nd and 3rd Regions, regarding labor claims, that sought to recognise the employment relationship between drivers working for Uber and the company. Given the representativeness of this platform among other providers of this type of service, paradigm decisions in Comparative Law were also analyzed. From the systematization of the analyzed decisions, it was possible to identify the main criteria used by the judges to decide whether or not subordinate work is present, as well as the tendencies of interpretative changes and adoption of new criteria. Finally, sensitive points were set for the regulation of the subject, such as limitation of working hours, security and discrimination, and it was concluded that, in order to face such challenges, it is necessary to overcome the vision based on the traditional requirements of subordination, towards an interpretation that takes into account the new forms and instruments of action of the directive power of the employer.

Nesta dissertação, Plataformas Logísticas são apresentadas como infraestruturas para integração de transportes e geração de negócios. O interesse de diversos atores (operadores logísticos, indústrias, autoridades locais e regionais) requer um complexo planejamento de atividades associadas a aspectos geográficos, operacionais, gerenciais, administrativos e econômicos. Baseando-se em experiências internacionais, destacadamente a experiência alemã com as Güterverkehrszentren, este trabalho busca sistematizar as etapas necessárias para se avaliar a viabilidade de projetos que, muitas vezes, requerem participação pública e privada. Tal interação entre entes públicos e privados deixa o processo ainda mais complexo, dados os intrínsecos conflitos de interesse ao se planejar e projetar uma Plataforma Logística. Ao se buscar o estado da arte sobre o assunto, um procedimento de análise de projetos é sugerido e sua aplicação é feita associada ao caso da Plataforma Logística de Goiás, para a qual se identificaram possíveis fatores que levaram a não conclusão do empreendimento, apesar das medidas de governança adotadas pelo Estado. / In this dissertation, logistics platforms are presented as infrastructures for the transport integration and business generation. The interest of several stakeholders (third-party logistics, industries, local and regional authorities) requires a complex plan of activities associated with geographic, operational, managerial, administrative and economic features. Based on international experiences, especially the German experience with Güterverkehrszentren, this dissertation seeks to systematize the steps needed to assess the feasibility of projects that often require public and private participation. Such interaction between public and private entities makes the process even more complex, given the inherent conflicts of interest when planning and designing a logistics platform. Considering the state of the art on the subject, a design analysis procedure is proposed and its application is in the form of case study of the Logistics Platform of Goiás, for which have been identified possible factors leading to non-completion of the project despite measures taken by the State for governance.

Esta tese tem como objetivo compreender as práticas relacionadas ao consumo de produtos audiovisuais sob demanda em plataformas digitais através da investigação das práticas relacionadas à Netflix na rotina dos seus usuários. O referencial teórico toma como base a Teoria da Prática, na qual a prática é considerada um comportamento rotinizado, com vários elementos interconectados, em uma relação constante entre agentes e objetos. O estudo empírico acontece a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação dos espaços de consumo — os respondentes foram selecionados por meio de um questionário prévio compartilhado em sites de redes sociais. A investigação acontece com base em cinco eixos: materiais, competências, dinâmicas afetivas, relacionais e espaço-temporais. Em termos gerais, conclui-se que o consumo de conteúdo na Netflix e as práticas relacionadas adquiriram ao longo do tempo um caráter social e recursivo, e assumem também uma dimensão afetiva no cotidiano dos usuários. Nesse sentido, nota-se também o estabelecimento e a reprodução de fluxos de consumo interconectados, nos quais usuários e empresa relacionam-se continuamente: de um lado, há a disponibilização contínua de conteúdo, e do outro, o acesso rotinizado, fragmentado e marcado pela insaciabilidade e autonomia do tempo dedicado à prática, o que favorece a manutenção da estrutura. / The aim of this study is to understand consumption habits of on-demand audiovisual products available on digital platforms by investigating how Netflix is incorporated into the routines of its subscribers. The theoretical reference is based on the practice theory, where the practice is a routine behavior with many interconnected elements of a constant relationship between agents and objects. The empirical research is comprised of semi-structured interviews and by observing spaces of consumption – the respondents were selected from a survey made available on social network sites. The research is based on five axes: materials, skills, affective dynamics, relational and space-time. Overall, it is concluded that content consumption in Netflix and related practices acquired a social and recursive character over time, assuming an affective dimension. In this respect, users and companies are constantly relating with one another in a flowing exchange of interconnected consumption. On one hand, there is constant access to content; on the other, there is routine access which can be fragmented and determined by one’s insatiableness and how much time is spent on it, a key to maintaining its structure.

Banalieva and Dhanaraj argue that digital service multinationals (DSMNCs) possess a new category of firm-specific advantage (FSA), the network advantage, and that, contrary to extant theory, they use networks as a mode of governance. I review the business models used by DSMNCs, compare them to non-digital ones, and explore what we can learn about them from extant IB theory. I conclude that network advantages are not a new category of FSAs, that networks are not a mode of governance, and that their use by DSMNCs is well explained by extant theory.

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 154-162.

Thesis (Ocean E)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1982. / Supervised by J. Kim Vandiver and Henri O. Berteaux. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-153).

Numerous isolated carbonate platforms developed in the Central Luconia Province of offshore Sarawak (during Middle to Late Miocene time). Fault-bounded highs produced largely by extensional deformation and later overprinted by strike-slip deformation provided substrates for the platforms and affected their growth histories. Flooding of these structural highs at ~16.5 Ma initiated carbonate sedimentation nearly simultaneously across the area. Later, third-order sea-level fluctuations and extrinsic factors such as differential subsidence, paleowind patterns and siliciclastic influx then controlled the internal architecture of the platforms. 2-D regional seismic lines, publicdomain data and published literature were used to analyze growth patterns and demise of carbonate platforms across the study area. Five Growth Stages were recognized in the carbonate platforms based on seismic facies analysis and stratigraphic relationships between reflectors. Platforms from the southeastern part of Central Luconia are thicker and larger than platforms located toward the central and northwestern areas, which reflect greater long-term tectonic subsidence to the southeast. Additionally, northwestward prograding siliciclastic sediments from mainland Borneo caused additional flexural subsidence in the eastern part of the area and environmental deterioration for platforms located beyond the range of active siliciclastic sedimentation. Both of these factors reduced the growth potential of platforms and thus subdued carbonate development. Platform termination was regionally diachronous and was produced in two steps. The first platforms drowned (~12.5-9.7 Ma) were in the eastern parts of the study area which were affected by incoming siliciclastic sediments and high local subsidence. Platforms drowned later (~6.3-5.5 Ma) were caused by a rapid sea-level rise combined with an intense local subsidence. Carbonate accumulation rates were measured between intraplatform markers, resulting in a trend that indicates a decrease in sedimentation rate with the square root of time. Comparisons between Central Luconia carbonates and age-equivalent carbonate platforms elsewhere in East Natuna Basin showed that Central Luconia carbonate platforms were drowned earlier (latest late Miocene time) than East Natuna carbonate platforms (Early Pliocene time).