The aim of the diploma thesis is to assess the compliance of environmental standards in South Bohemia, as well as to evaluate the changes concerning environmental polluters and the condition of South Bohemian environment in last 10 years. The first section is focused on the theoretical attitudes towards environment. General environmental instruments and their practical use in Czech legislation are discussed together with the comparison of the environmental development before and after joining the European Union. Furthermore this section deals with the topic of national and international institutions engaged in the environmental protection. The practical section defines the administrative area of South Bohemia and subsequently analyses the environmental condition in given period of time. Thereafter, the development of the most significant polluters in last 10 years is established with the comparison method. Based on the studies applied, the thesis proposes the way to improve the environmental condition in South Bohemia, discusses the results and follows with the evaluation of the environmental compliance in the examined area.