The presented diploma thesis is focused on the preparation, characterization and study of membrane properties of liposomal systems which were composed of the neutral phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), cholesterol, negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), polyethylenglycol bounded to phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG5000–PE) and polycation N,N,N-trimethylchitosan (TMC). The influence of individual components and their concentrations on the average particle size, zeta potential and changes in the outer and inner part of the bilayer was investigated. In this matter, methods of dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy with the application of laurdan and DPH probes were used. Based on the above-mentioned parameters, concentrations of components that most suitably influence properties of liposomes in terms of the intended application were selected for the definite complex. It was managed to prepare a liposomal complex stealth liposome–N,N,N-trimethylchitosan, which, due to the optimized composition, could have suitable attributes as a drug delivery system for inhalation administration of biologically active substances.