Jacques Joseph Scientific Realism and the Natural World M.A. thesis Abstract The main topic of this work is the relation between the natural world and the world of the natural sciences, and furthermore the relation of both these worlds to our conception of an external reality "as it really is". The core of the work is rooted mainly in the Anglo-American analytical philosophy of science, namely the debate concerning scientific realism, with a section dedicated to Husserl's conception of the relation between the natural world and natural sciences (as described in his Krisis). The goal of this work is to show scientific realism as broken beyond repair, and to then offer an alternative. The problems that plague realism run deep into its roots, many of which it shares with its opponents, the new alternative theory therefore needs to be completely different. This work suggests the "Natural ontological attitude" (NOA) presented by Arthur Fine, a theory that tries to salvage the intuitions that made realism seem so attractive. NOA is then developped, using texts by W. V. O. Quine and D. Davidson, as a minimalistic metaphysics based strongly on language that still manages to provide a relation to an extra-linguistic reality.

This thesis deals with the question of prestige of subject Geography. Its aim is to explain how much prestige university students attach to Geography, with the help of semantic differential method, and where they place this term in the semantic field of terms. The research was conducted with questionnaire survey which focused on the comparison between the perception of Geography and other subjects, and at the same time the comparison of value judgement of Geography students and students of different programmes. The first part of the thesis explains the key words and the methods of the research into prestige conducted so far. They were analysed and on the basis of this analysis notional parameters of prestige attached to a subject were set. The following part is the main part. It consists of the questionnaire survey, including the evaluation and interpretation of the results, which is followed by suggestions for improvement of the prestige of Geography, with the use of chosen marketing tools. Key words: prestige; social status; value judgement; attitude; geography; semantic differential; marketing

The aim of this work is to analyze the changes in family behavior in Czech Republic especially using the framework of the second demographic transition. Attention was focused on the analysis of attitudes towards new form partnerships and childbearing and development reproductive behavior in Czech Republic. In this analysis using data of two surveys ISSP (1994, 2002, 2012) and EVS (1990, 1999, 2008). The trajectories of changes in Czech Republic were compared with trajectories of transformation in selected post-communist countries. Different trajectories of transformation have been identified for postcommunist countries. The results in many aspects suggested Czech Republic has been approaching the North-western European countries. However, important the Czech Republic seems to be much further in the process of the second demographic transition in comparison with many post- communist countries. Keywords family behavior, attitude, family, the second demographic transition, postcommunist countries

Title: Attitudes of UK FTVS students to summer camps for children Objectives: The main aim of this work is to find out what was benefit of children 's camps for UK FTVS students and what they are currently attitude. Methods: The research was divided into two parts. In part A I used the method of questioning followed by analysis. In testing were 175 participants. I interviewed students of the Charles University FTVS and it took period from June 2018 to July 2019. The data were subsequently evaluated using classical statistical methods and interpreted by graphs and frequency tables. Part B conducted semi-structured interviews with 9 probands who were selected as a representative sample based on Part A interviews. The data were evaluated by basic statistical methods, exactly by using the frequency table and Likert's scaling method to determine the level of attitudes among respondents. Results: In part A we find out that only 7% of the individuals in the sample had never participated in a children's summer camp. It was also found that fourteen respondents of the whole sample had a negative attitude to the camps, equivalent is 8%. Participants of one or two camps reported a negative attitude in 28% (ten of twenty six). In the second group, three to six camps, it was 5% of cases (three of fifty three)....

The aim of this work was to transfer the attitudes of stakeholders through a text message on the social network Facebook. High context communication (along with the soft sell) and low context communication (along with the hard sell) was tested. The thesis shows the importance of communications to content usability for marketing purposes. High context communication generally affect the interviewee to favor all kinds of instrumental solutions (using soft sell and negatively excited emotions against institutional solution). While low context communication focused on explosions (hard sell and facts) influenced the interviewee to prioritize institutional solutions (insurance) of 49 % against to the promoted explosions. The investigation also tested attitudes of the two stakeholders, farmers and retailers on the issue of floods and drought and the status of institutions (state and insurance) in this issue. The thesis suggests that farmers are more trusting against institutional solutions (insurance, subsidies), and less trusting are against instrumental solution (alternative technology). The exact opposite is a group of businessmen. The meaning of this thesis is the recommended draft for a insurance communication (slogan) against these stakeholders to raise awareness about themselves.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the influence of environmental education programs on elementary schools pupils' attitudes based on the fact that the increasing number of visits of pupils at the center of environmental education increases the attitudes and positive behavior of individuals towards the environment. The first part of the thesis is a comprehensive view of attitudes, their measurement, methodological problems, environmental education in the contemporary curricular education in our country, environmental education, educational programs. Furthermore, the researches were practically tested on the target group of pupils of primary and elementary school second degree. The second part consists of two questionnaires. There are statements to which the respondent attributes their degree of agreement or disagreement with using Likert's scale. Queries in the questionnaires are divided into four areas that are researched more closer. These parts are called: The attitude towards the nature conservation, interest in nature, pro-environmental behavior and attitude towards the environment. Respondents create selected files from the documents provided by the Center for Ecological Education Toulcův dvůr, z. s. in the course of four years. Data obtained from them is statistically evaluated using a general regression model and linear regression. The results show that the number of visits to pupils of primary school have no impact on attitudes towards the environment, attitudes to nature conservation and on pro-environmental behavior. The only area where the relationship was found was of interest to nature. On the other hand, the results of the elementary school second degree show that the attitudes are very pronounced in all the studied areas.

The issue of abortions raises a number of conflicting opinions. Although women in the western society can use methods of a birth control, there are still unwanted pregnancies ending in the abortion. This intervention is legal in our society, but many people condemn it. Based on my diploma thesis I therefore wanted to ascertain opinions and attitudes of contemporary young women to the issue of an unwanted parenthood and abortions. I was primarily interested whether their opinions were influenced by a level of their education attainment. In relation to the aim of my thesis one of two determined hypotheses was confirmed. The research showed that an opinion of unmarried young women to this issue was not influenced by their education. Most women think that the right to undergo the abortion has every woman no matter what her reason is. Though, at the same time women perceive the intervention as a desperate solution of a hopeless situation, which they would undergo only from compelling reasons such as for example health problems or a pregnancy after the rape. Economic and social reasons are no longer a sufficient argument for them.

The master's thesis is focused on business academy pupil's attitude to economic subjects, specifically economics and accounting. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical framework and empirical research. The theoretical part deals with key concepts, i.e. attitudes, motivation, evaluation and pedagogical-psychological diagnostics as well as with individual criteria for the attitude research. These criteria are subsequently applied in the empirical part which is based on more than 1.700 pupil's responses from 30 business academies. The applied criteria are also analyzed within individual school grades and the resulting trend is examined. Economic subjects are viewed in relation to other compulsory subjects at business academies.

Title: Effect of physical load on handgun shooting accuracy. Objective: The aim of this work is to detect and compare the effects of physical activity (in the form of a shuttle run at the limit of 85% SF max.) on the shooting accuracy from a short firearm. Methods: This was an experimental study with an intra-subject design. Thirty randomly assigned police officers at age 35.9 years (SD = 4.5) made 5 shots from a Glock 17 pistol (gen. 3) within 5 seconds in a stable position without support before and after physical activity (shuttle run on length10 m in time until the completion of 85% SF max.) to a fixed target at a distance of 8 meters. Comparison of shooting accuracy from the middle point of impact between interventions (shooting before and after physical activity) was performed by using a paired T-test. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≥ 0.05. Cohen's d was used to determine the magnitude of the strength of the effects. Results: Based on the paired T-test, a statistically significant difference was found in the accuracy of shooting from the middle point of impact without and after physical activity (p = 0.007, d = 0.498). We also consider the deterioration of shooting accuracy after physical exertion by 9 mm from the middle point of impact, which is 21.78%, to be factually...

This thesis is concerned with the topic of opinion instability and is centred on three questions: Does opinion instability exists? How prevalent opinion instability is? What may be the cause of opinion instability? The thesis combines previous studies relevant for the topic and secondary analysis of several datasets. The conclusions of the thesis are that opinion instability is a real phenomenon, rather than an artefact of measurement. Furthermore, the prevalence of opinion instability depends for a large part in its operationalization, although it can be considered relatively common. The determinants of opinion instability are the topic proficiency and motivation, as well as the prevalence of the topic and consistency of frames.