Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ambrozin_arp_dr_botfm.pdf: 169682 bytes, checksum: e35521aad39da34ec6c55a5da6cd12ad (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Algumas variáveis propostas para predizer o risco de complicação pósoperatória (CPO) são a altura no teste da escada (TE) e a distância do teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) e acreditamos que o tempo no teste da escada (tTE) também pode ser utilizado para este fim. Além disso, são utilizados a prova de função pulmonar e os índices pré-operatórios. Objetivo: Determinar se os índices de Torrington e Henderson, American Society of Anesthesiologists, Goldman, Detsky e Charlson, a variável VEF1 da espirometria e as variáveis obtidas nos testes de esforço (TC6 e TE) podem ser preditivos das complicações pós-toracotomia e qual deles seria o melhor preditor dessas complicações. Método: Foram avaliados pacientes com indicação de toracotomia para ressecção pulmonar ou não, maiores de 18 anos. As comorbidades foram obtidas e traçados os índices de Comorbidade de Charlson, de risco de Torrington e Henderson, de Goldman, de Detsky e o ASA. A espirometria foi realizada de acordo com a ATS, em espirômetro Medgraphics Pulmonary Function System 1070. O TC6 foi realizado segundo os critérios da ATS e a distância prevista calculada. O TE foi realizado numa escada à sombra, composta por seis lances, num total de 12,16m de altura. O tTE em segundos percorrido na subida da altura total foi obtido e a partir deste a Potência (P) foi calculada utilizando a fórmula clássica. Também foi estimado o VO2 a partir do tTE (VO2 t) e da P (VO2 P). No intra-operatório foram registradas as complicações e o tempo cirúrgico. E no pós-operatório foram registradas as CPOs. Para análise estatística os pacientes foram divididos em grupos sem e com CPO. Foi aplicado o teste de acurácia para obtenção dos valores preditivos para o TC6 e para o tTE, a curva ROC e dessa o ponto de corte. As variáveis foram testadas para uma possível associação com as CPO pelo teste t de... / Some varieties purposed to predict the postoperative complication (POC) risk are the height in the stair-climbing test (SCT) and the distance in the six minute walk test (6MWT), we also believe that the time on the stair-climbing test can also be used for this purpose. Besides, the pulmonary function test and the preoperative index are also used. Objectives: We aim to determine if the Charlson, Torrington and Henderson, Goldman, Detsky and American Society of Anesthesiologists indexes, the variable FEV1 obtained on the Spirometry and on the Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (6MWT, SCT) can be predictive of the complication after thoracic surgery and which one of them would be the best. Method: Patients with indication to thoracic surgery, for resection or not, and older than 18 years old were evaluated. The comorbidities were obtained and the Comorbidity Charlson, Torrington and Henderson risk, Goldman, the Detsky and ASA indexes were calculated. The spirometry was performed according to ATS in Medgraphics Pulmonary Function System 1070. The 6MWT was performed according to the ATS criteria and the predicted distance was calculated. The SCT was performed indoor, on six flights of stairs, which results as a 12,16m climb. The time on the SCT was obtained after finished the stair height total in seconds and the Power (P) was calculated using the class formula. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2) was estimated from the time of SCT (VO2 t) and the P (VO2 P). In the intraoperative was registered the complication and the surgery time. And in the postoperative was registered the POC. In the statistics analysis, the patients were divided in groups with and without POC. It was applied the accuracy test for the distance 6MWT and for the time in the SCT. We have found the cutoff from the ROC curve. The correlation between the variables and POC were tested using the t test for independent population ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Carvalho Dias João Paulo (joao.dias@famerp.br) on 2018-04-12T17:21:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandamssalves_dissert.pdf: 1008314 bytes, checksum: ef2fa02486e86b46225f993bb257984c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-12T17:21:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandamssalves_dissert.pdf: 1008314 bytes, checksum: ef2fa02486e86b46225f993bb257984c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-06 / Introduction: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is considered as one of the presentation forms of cardiovascular disease. Myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS) is one of the possible interventions for its treatment; however, it is an invasive procedure with postoperative complications. Objectives: To identify the pulmonary complications after MRS with extracorporeal circulation, determining the efficacy of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in comparison with incentive spirometry (IS) in the postoperative management and to update knowledge related to the respiratory and motor Physiotherapy in pre and post MRS. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 patients were randomized into two groups (G0 - IS and G1 - CPAP). The blood gas values, chest X-ray and respiratory muscle strength were assessed before the pre, first and third postoperative day according to the incidence of pulmonary complications presented. Results: The complications presented in both groups were hypoxemia, atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumonia and lung congestion, proportionately distributed with no statistically significant correlation with the technique used in the postoperative period. The maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) was reduced in both groups in the pre and the first day after surgery, carrying on up to the third day after surgery only in the group 0. The maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) remained significantly reduced in both groups postoperatively when compared to predicted values. Conclusion: Respiratory physical therapy modalities used were effective in maintaining inspiratory muscle strength, however, no statistically significant difference in the proportion of expressed pulmonary complications between the groups, inferring non superiority of NIV technique compared to IS in the reversal of pulmonary complications post MRS. Further studies accomplished with stricter methodology, greater number of subjects studied and technical standardization are necessary. Moreover, to determine the appropriate method or protocol for restoring pulmonary and physical condition of these patients postoperatively. / Introdução: A doença arterial coronariana (DAC) é designada como uma das formas de apresentação da doença cardiovascular, e uma das intervenções possíveis para seu tratamento é a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM), porém, trata-se de um procedimento invasivo, acarretando complicações pós-operatórias. Objetivos: Identificar as complicações pulmonares pós CRM com circulação extracorpórea (CEC) determinando ,assim, a eficácia da ventilação não invasiva (VNI) em comparação à espirometria de incentivo (EI) no manejo pós-operatório e atualizar os conhecimentos relacionados à Fisioterapia respiratória e motora no pré e pósoperatório de CRM. Casuística: Foram incluídos 105 pacientes, randomizados em dois grupos (G0 – EI e G1 – CPAP). Os valores gasométricos, radiografia de tórax e força muscular respiratória foram avaliados no pré, primeiro e terceiro dia de pós-operatório quanto à incidência de complicações pulmonares apresentadas. Resultados: As complicações apresentadas em ambos os grupos foram hipoxemia, atelectasia, derrame pleural, pneumonia e congestão pulmonar, distribuídas proporcionalmente, sem correlação estatística significativa com a técnica utilizada no pós-operatório. A pressão inspiratória máxima (Pimáx.) apresentou-se reduzida em ambos os grupos no pré e primeiro dia de pós-operatório, perpetuando pelo terceiro dia de pós-operatório somente no grupo 0. A pressão expiratória máxima (Pemáx.) permaneceu significativamente reduzida em ambos os grupos no pós-operatório, quando comparada aos valores preditos. Conclusão: As modalidades de fisioterapia respiratória empregadas foram eficientes na manutenção da força muscular inspiratória, porém, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa na proporção de complicações pulmonares expressas entre os grupos, inferindo não superioridade da técnica de VNI em comparação à EI na reversão das complicações pulmonares pós CRM. São necessários novos estudos, idealizados com maior rigor metodológico, maior número de indivíduos estudados e padronização técnica para determinação da modalidade ou protocolo apropriado para restabelecimento da condição pulmonar e física destes pacientes no pós-operatório.

A utilização de anti-inflamatórios nao esteroidais previamente a atendimentos de urgência odontológica vem sendo estudada com a finalidade de proporcionar maior conforto pos-operatório ao paciente. Visando avaliar a influência de um antiinflamatório nao esteroidal administrado previamente ao procedimento endodôntico de urgência em pulpites irreversíveis, sobre a dor e sobre a quantidade de medicação consumida no pós-operatório, foi utilizado o cetorolaco de trometamina 10mg sublingual 1 hora antes do procedimento. Também foi avaliada a influência desta droga sobre a quantidade de anestésico necessária para o acesso indolor a câmara pulpar e sobre a diminuição da dor durante a espera pelo atendimento. Como em todo atendimento de urgencia em dentes com pulpite irreversivel e utilizado uma medicação intracanal a base de corticosteróide associado a antibióticos, propos-se avaliar a real necessidade da presenca do antibiotico no curativo de demora, comparando a medicação mais usada (OtosporinR) com hidrocortisona. Participaram da pesquisa 39 pacientes que procuraram o Setor de Urgência Odontológica da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru ou o Setor Odontologico do Pronto Socorro Central da Prefeitura Municipal de Bauru. Foram divididos em 4 grupos que receberam cetorolaco de trometamina ou placebo como medicação pós-operatória e OtorporinR ou hidrocortisona como medicação intracanal. Foram anotados os valores de intensidade de dor, em uma escala visual analógica, antes da medicação pré-operatória, antes do atendimento, após o atendimento e 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 horas apos. Também foi anotada a quantidade de anestésico utilizado, o tempo de procedimento, o tempo de duração da anestesia e a quantidade de cetorolaco de trometamina e medicação socorro (paracetamol 750mg) consumida pelo paciente no pós-operatório. Dos resultados obtidos observou-se que os pacientes que receberam cetorolaco de trometamina como medicação pré-operatória tiveram uma redução da dor entre 52% e 73% no intervalo de espera para o atendimento e nos pacientes que tomaram placebo essa redução foi de 28% a 32%. Na dor pós-operatória nao houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em nenhum momento, porem o grupo que recebeu placebo pré-operatório e hidrocortisona como curativo de demora apresentou uma tendencia de intensidade de dor pós-operatória maior. A mesma tendência pode ser vista no consumo de medicação pós-operatória. A quantidade de anestésico utilizada e o tempo de procedimento nao sofreram influência da medicação pré-operatória, pois não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. A avaliação da importância da medicação intracanal sobre a intensidade da dor pós-operatória foi realizada nos grupos que receberam placebo como medicação pré-operatória e nao se observou diferença significativa entre os diferentes curativos de demora. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que o cetorolaco de trometamina diminuiu expressivamente o nivel de dor, durante a espera pelo atendimento, porém, não influenciou a intensidade da dor e o consumo de medicamentos pós-operatório, assim como não alterou a eficácia da anestesia para o procedimento de urgência em pulpite irreversivel. A presença do antibiótico na medicação intracanal não interferiu na dor pós-operatória. / The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs before emergency dental treatment has been studied with the purpose to provide higher postoperative comfort to the patient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of ketorolac tromethamine (10mg sublingual, taken 1 hour previously the emergency endodontic proceeding of irreversible pulpitis) in pain reduction and in the postoperative consumption of analgesic drugs. It was also analyzed the influence of this drug upon the amount of anesthetic necessary to the painless access into pulpal chamber and the pain reduction while waiting the appointment. Because an intracanal medication containing corticoid in combination with antibiotics is applied in teeth with irreversible pulpitis in every emergency treatment, it was proposed to evaluate the real necessity of the antibiotic in this intracanal medication, comparing the most popular medicine, OtosporinR, with hydrocortisone alone, in the same concentration present in this medicine. A total of 39 patients who presented either to Dental Urgency Sector from Dental School of Bauru (USP) or Emergency Dental Sector from Bauru City Hall were invited to participate. They were distributed in 4 groups that received either ketorolac tromethamine or placebo pretreatment and either OtosporinR or hydrocortisone alone as intracanal medication. It was noted the rates of pain intensity by means of a visual analogue scale, before the pretreatment medication, immediately before the appointment and 1, 2, 4, 12, 24 and 48 hours after the appointment. It was also recorded the amount of anesthetic used, the duration of proceeding, the time length of the anesthetic effect and the amount of ketorolac tromethamine and rescue medication (paracetamol 750mg) consumed by the patient at postoperative time. The patients who received ketorolac tromethamine as preoperative medication had a pain reduction between 52% and 73% during the waiting time for appointment and the patients who received placebo had a reduction between 28% and 32%. There was none statistically significant difference between the 4 groups with respect to the postoperative pain relief, in all the times analyzed. However, the group that received placebo before the appointment and hydrocortisone alone as intracanal medication showed higher pain intensity tendency as showed by the higher consumption of postoperative medication. The preoperative medication does not significantly influences the amount of anesthetic used and the duration of proceeding in all the groups. The efficacy of intracanal medication over postoperative pain intensity may be established in the groups who received placebo as preoperative medication and our results showed none statistically significant differences between them. The results of the present study indicate that ketorolac tromethamine does not affect the postoperative pain intensity, postoperative analgesic drugs consumption, and does not modify the effectiveness of the local anesthetic solution used for the emergency proceeding in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. However, it was very effective in reducing pain during the waiting time. With regard to the presence of antibiotic in the intracanal medication, our results indicate that it does not show any additional action to reduce postoperative pain.

Bakgrund: Postoperativa luftvägskomplikationer är vanligt förekommande och ökar risken för både morbiditet och mortalitet samt ökar kostnaderna för samhället. Olika omvårdnadsåtgärder finns för att förebygga postoperativa luftvägskomplikationer. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur intensivvårdssjuksköterskor definierar begreppet postoperativa luftvägskomplikationer, samt deras omvårdnadsåtgärder för att förebygga dessa komplikationer hos den postoperativa patienten Metod: Studien genomfördes med en beskrivande design med kvalitativ ansats. Tio intensivvårdssjuksköterskor intervjuades med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultat: Det framkom fem huvudkategorier i resultatet: Definition av begreppet postoperativa luftvägskomplikationer, Att välja omvårdnadsåtgärder, Att ge förebyggande omvårdnad, Att bedöma patientens individuella behov och Att se hinder till att ge omvårdnadsåtgärder. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna beskrev att det inte finns några rutiner eller riktlinjer att följa gällande förebyggandet av postoperativa luftvägskomplikationer. De beskrev också att patientens individuella behov ligger till grund för valet av omvårdnadsåtgärder för att förebygga postoperativa luftvägs-komplikationer. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna beskrev även olika råd om egenvård som de ger patienterna med syfte att förebygga postoperativa luftvägskomplikationer, bland annat att uppmana dem till att hosta och djupandas och att instruera dem att blåsa i PEEP-ventil*. Slutsats: Studiens resultat belyser avsaknaden av rutiner och känslan av att de postoperativa patienterna är en åsidosatt patientgrupp inom intensivvården samt att intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna saknar tiden till att kunna vårda denna patientgrupp optimalt. Rutiner bör upprättas för att intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna ska veta vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som behöver sättas in för att förebygga postoperativa luftvägskomplikationer. Nyckelord: Intensivvårdssjuksköterska, omvårdnadsåtgärder, postoperativa luftvägskomplikationer, prevention.   *PEEP- PEEP betyder Positive End Expiratory Pressure (positivt slutexpiratoriskt tryck).  PEEP-ventil = Ventil som patienten andas ut emot, som gör att respirationscykeln startar och slutar med ett positivt tryck i luftvägarna (Gulbrandsen & Stubberud, 2009). / Background: Postoperative respiratory complications are common and can be associated with an increase of mortality, morbidity and costs for society. There are different kinds of nursing actions to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how intensive care nurses define postoperative respiratory complications, and what kind of nursing actions they perform to prevent these complications among the postoperative patients. Method: The study was performed through a descriptive design with qualitative approach. Semistructured interviews with ten intensive care nurses were conducted. Result: Five categories appeared in the result: Definition of the concept postoperative respiratory complications, To choose nursing actions, To perform preventive care, To assess the patient´s individual needs and To see obstacles to perform nursing actions. The intensive care nurses described that there are no routines to follow in preventing respiratory complications for the postoperative patient. The intensive care nurses also described that they see to the patientens´ individual needs to prevent postoperative respiratory complications and that they give them different self-care advices in order to prevent postoperative respiratory complications, for instance tell the patient to cough, take deep breaths and instruct them how to use a PEEP-tube*. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that there is a lack of routines and that the these patients are breachede within the intensive care and also that the intensive care nurses experience a lack of time to givet hese patientes optimal care. Routines should be established so that intensive care nurses know what kind of nursing action to choose in order to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. Key words: Intensive care nurse, nursing actions, postoperative respiratory complications, prevention. *PEEP- PEEP means Positive End Expiratory Pressure.  PEEP-tube = Ventilator/tube in which the patient exhales against to make the cycle of respiration start and end onto a positive pressure in the respiratory system (Gulbrandsen & Stubberud, 2009).

Obesity is a major public health problem. Bariatric surgery is currently the only available treatment that offers sufficient weight-loss and metabolic benefits over time. Although bariatric surgery is considered safe now, serious complications still occur. The aim of this thesis was to identify factors associated with an increased risk for postoperative complication after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. Study I included patients operated with laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery in Sweden from May 2007 until September 2012. The risk for serious complication was low (3.4%). Suffering an intraoperative adverse event or conversion of the operation to open surgery were the strongest risk factors for postoperative complication. The annual operative volume and experience of the procedure at the institution were also important risk factors. Patient-specific risk factors appeared to be less important although age was associated with an increased risk. In Study II, a raised glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was evaluated as a risk factor for serious postoperative complications in non-diabetics. A higher incidence of serious postoperative complications was seen with elevated HbA1c values, even at levels classified as ‘‘pre-diabetic’’. Study III was a multicentre, randomised clinical trial (RCT). 2507 patients planned for laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery were randomised to either mesenteric defects closure or non-closure. Closure of the mesenteric defects reduced the rate of reoperation for small bowel obstruction from 10.2% to 5.5% at 3 years after surgery. A small increase in the rate of serious postoperative complication within the first 30 days was seen with mesenteric defects closure. This relatively small increase in risk was however outweighed by the marked reduction of later reoperations for small bowel obstruction. Study IV was a comparison between study III and an observational study on the same population under the same period of time. Although the observational study reached the same conlusion as the RCT, the efficacy of mesenteric defects closure was less pronounced. Observational studies may thus be an alternative to RCTs under situations when RCTs are not feasible. The efficacy may however be underestimated.

Introdução. Apesar dos recentes e importantes avanços no tratamento das Doenças Cardiovasculares, a cirurgia cardíaca ainda pode ser a única opção de tratamento para alguns pacientes. Os pacientes que vivenciam sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão no pré-operatório podem sofrer influência destes na recuperação pós-operatória. Objetivos. Avaliar a relação dos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão pré-operatórios com as características sociodemográficas e clínicas e avaliar a relação desses sintomas com a presença de complicações no pós-operatório (PO), durante a permanência na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), dos pacientes submetidos às cirurgias cardíacas eletivas. Método. Estudo observacional analítico, de coorte prospectiva, desenvolvido nas unidades de internação de clínica médica e clínica cirúrgica de um hospital universitário do interior paulista. A amostra do estudo foi constituída por pacientes submetidos à primeira cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM) e à primeira cirurgia para correção de valvopatia, entre setembro de 2013 e setembro de 2015. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas individuais e consulta aos prontuários. Para a avaliação dos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, foi utilizado o instrumento Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), com a avaliação das respostas considerando o valor total de cada subescala (HADS-ansiedade e HADS depressão), variando de 0 - 21 (quanto maior o valor maior o transtorno emocional). Foram investigados complicações pulmonares, cardíacas, neurológicas, endócrinas, infecciosas, digestivas, sensoriais e o óbito. Para investigarmos a relação dos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão com as características sociodemográficas (sexo, idade, estado civil e situação profissional) e com a presença de complicações PO (sim/não), foi utilizado o teste de Mann Whitney. Para investigarmos a correlação dos sintomas com as características clínicas (tempos de internação pré-operatória, de cirurgia e de permanência na UTI), foi utilizado o teste de Correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. Resultados. A amostra foi constituída por 145 pacientes, sendo 75 pacientes submetidos à CRM e 70 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia valvar. Entre os pacientes submetidos à CRM, a idade média encontrada foi de 61,8 anos, a maioria do sexo masculino (69,3%), e a principal complicação no PO foi a hiperglicemia (97,3%). As mulheres submetidas à CRM apresentaram maiores médias para os sintomas de ansiedade, quando comparadas com os homens. Pacientes submetidos à CRM, com maiores médias para os sintomas de ansiedade, apresentaram com maior frequência a instabilidade hemodinâmica no PO. Aqueles pacientes que apresentaram maior média para os sintomas de depressão apresentaram com maior frequência a náusea, a agitação, o déficit neurológico e permaneceram mais tempo entubados no PO. Entre os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia valvar, a idade média foi de 54,4 anos, maioria do sexo masculino (61,4%), e a principal complicação no PO foi a hiperglicemia (92,9%). As mulheres apresentaram maiores médias para os sintomas de depressão, quando comparadas com os homens. Pacientes submetidos à cirurgia valvar com maiores médias para os sintomas de depressão apresentaram com maior frequência a agitação no PO. Conclusão. Dos pacientes submetidos à CRM, encontramos relação dos sintomas de ansiedade pré-operatória com o sexo e com a presença de instabilidade hemodinâmica no PO, bem como dos sintomas de depressão com a ocorrência de náusea, agitação, presença de cânula orotraqueal (COT) por mais de 48 horas e déficit neurológico. Entre os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia valvar, encontramos relação dos sintomas de depressão com o sexo e com a agitação no PO / Introduction. Despite the recent and important advances in the treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, cardiac surgery can still be the only treatment option for some patients. The patients who experience symptoms of anxiety and depression in the preoperative phase can be subject to the influence of these symptoms during the postoperative recovery. Objectives. Assess the relation between the preoperative anxiety and depression symptoms and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the relation between these symptoms and the presence of postoperative (PO) complications while staying at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of patients submitted to elective cardiac surgeries. Method. Analytical and observational prospective cohort study, developed at the medical and surgical clinical inpatient units of a teaching hospital in the interior of the State of São Paulo. The study sample consisted of patients submitted to the first coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and the first valve correction surgery between September 2013 and September 2015. The data were collected through individual interviews and consultation of patient histories. To assess the anxiety and depression symptoms, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used. In the assessment of the answers, the total value of each subscale was used (HADS-anxiety and HADS-depression), ranging between 0 - 21 (the higher the score, the higher the emotional disorder). Pulmonary, cardiac, neurological, endocrine, infectious, digestive, sensory complications and death were investigated. To investigate the relation between the anxiety and depression symptoms and the sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, marital status and professional situation) and the presence of postoperative complications (yes/no), the Mann-Whitney test was used. To investigate the correlation between the symptoms and the clinical characteristics (lengths of preoperative hospitalization, surgery and stay at the ICU), Spearman\'s correlation test was used. The significance level adopted was 0.05. Results. The sample consisted of 145 patients, being 75 patients submitted to CABG and 70 patients to valve surgery. Among the patients submitted to CABG, the mean age was 61.8 years; mostly male (69.3%), and the main PO complication was hyperglycemia (97.3%). The women submitted to CABG presented higher means for anxiety symptoms when compared to men. Patients submitted to CABG with higher averages for anxiety symptoms presented PO hemodynamic instability more frequently. Patients with higher mean scores for depressive symptoms most frequently presented nausea, agitation and neurological deficit and spent more time intubated during the PO. Among the patients submitted to valve surgery, the mean age was 54.4 years, mostly male (61.4%) and the main PO complication was hyperglycemia (92.9%). The women presented higher averages for depressive symptoms when compared to the men. Patients submitted to valve surgery with higher means for depressive symptoms most frequently presented PO agitation. Conclusion. Among the patients submitted to CABG, we found a relation between preoperative anxiety symptoms and sex and the presence of hemodynamic instability in the PO period, as well as between depressive symptoms and the occurrence of nausea, agitation, presence of endotracheal tube for more than 48 hours and neurological deficit. Among the patients submitted to valve surgery, we found a relation between depressive symptoms and sex and PO agitation

Introdução: A incidência de hérnia abdominal em pacientes cirróticos é elevada, em torno de 20%. Em casos de ascite volumosa, a incidência atinge valores até 40%.Uma das principais e mais graves complicações no pósoperatório (PO) de correção de hérnias de pacientes cirróticos é a insuficiência renal aguda, conhecida como acute kidney injury - insuficiência renal aguda (AKI). Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a função renal de pacientes cirróticos submetidos à cirurgia de correção de hérnias abdominais em nosso serviço. Além disso, comparar os pacientes que apresentam AKI PO com os demais, para determinar os fatores relacionados à sua ocorrência. Métodos: Seguimento de pacientes cirróticos submentidos à cirurgia de hérnia entre 2001 e 2014 no Serviço de Transplante de Fígado. Foram coletados exames laboratoriais para avaliar a função renal no pós-operatório rotineiramente. A AKI foi definida com base no consenso do clube da ascite em 2015. Resultados: Dos 174 pacientes incluídos, ocorreu AKI em 58 pacientes (34,9%). Houve diferença entre grupos para as seguintes variáveis: model for end-stage liver disease - modelo para doença hepática terminal (MELD) inicial, creatinina basal e creatinina, o grupo com AKI apresentou médias superiores ao grupo que não apresentou AKI. No grupo do AKI PO, 74,1% das cirurgias, foram realizadas em caráter de emergência, enquanto que no grupo sem AKI PO, 34,6%. No grupo AKI,90,4% dos indivíduos apresentaram complicações no PO, enquanto no grupo sem AKI, 29,9%. As variáveis Idade, MELD inicial, creatinina basal e creatinina no pós-operatório inicial (POI) foram estatisticamente significantes na análise de sobrevida. Conclusão: Existe uma associação entre AKI PO e cirurgia de emergência e AKI PO e complicações PO. Os fatores relacionados à maior ocorrência de AKI em pacientes cirróticos submetidos à cirurgia de hérnia são o MELD inicial, creatinina basal, creatinina POI. O preparo de pacientes cirróticos com hérnia abdominal antes de procedimentos cirúrgicos deve ocorrer sistematicamente pois apresentam alta incidência de AKI PO / Background: The incidence of abdominal hernia in cirrhotic patients is as higher 20% and in cases of major ascites the incidence may increase up to 40%. One of the main and most serious complications in the postoperative period of cirrhotic patients is acute renal failure, known as acute kidney injury (AKI). Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the renal function of cirrhotic patients undergoing hernia surgery in our service, and compare the patients who presented AKI postoperative (PO) with the others, to determine the factors related to their occurrence. Methods: Follow-up of cirrhotic patients who underwent hernia surgery between 2001 and 2014. Laboratory tests were routinely collected on the PO period. AKI was defined based on the consensus of the ascite´s club in 2015. Results: Of 174 patients included, the primary outcome of AKI occurred in 58 (34.9%) patients. We observed that there was a significant difference between the groups in the variables: initial MELD, basal creatinine, and creatinine POI, the group with AKI PO had averages higher than the group that did not have AKI PO. In the AKI PO group, we observed that 74.1% of the patients had emergency surgery, whereas in the group without AKI PO, we had 34.6%. In the group with AKI PO, we observed that 90.4% of the individuals had complications in the PO, whereas in the group without AKI PO, we had 29.9%. We observed that the variables Age, Initial MELD, Baseline Creatinine, and Creatinine POI were statistically significant for survival analysis. Conclusions: There is an association between AKI PO and emergency surgery and also between AKI PO and complications after surgery. The factors related to higher occurrence of AKI PO in cirrhotic patients underwent hernia surgery are initial MELD, basal Cr, Cr Poi. We believe that cirrhotic patients with abdominal hernia must be well prepared before surgery because they present high incidence of AKI PO

Introdução: A displasia do desenvolvimento do quadril (DDQ) acomete de 1,5 a 2,5, em cada 1000 nascidos vivos. O tratamento pode variar desde o uso do suspensório até a redução cruenta, associada ou não a osteotomias da bacia e do fêmur. A avalição da redução, após as reduções incruentas ou cruentas, é feita por meio de radiografias uniplanares e complementada com imagens de tomografia ou de ressonância magnética. Uma incidência radiográfica, geralmente não usada para essa finalidade, pode ajudar nessa avaliação: a radiografia Inlet. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da radiografia Inlet, em comparação com a tomografia, método utilizado atualmente em nosso serviço para essa avaliação. Secundariamente, busca avaliar a reprodutibilidade da avaliação, através de correlações intra e inter observadores. Métodos: Foram avaliados pacientes com diagnóstico de DDQ, operados entre 2013 e 2015. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à incidência radiográfica Inlet pós-operatória e a tomografia. Foram realizadas avaliações cegas, em imagens distribuídas randomicamente intra e entre avaliadores, correlacionadas pelo índice Kappa (IC 95%). Foi também realizado um consenso entre os avaliadores que foi comparado com os resultados da tomografia. Essa correlação foi avaliada pelo índice Kappa ponderado (IC 95%) e assim foram obtidas as medidas diagnósticas: sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP), valor preditivo negativo (VPN), likelihood positivo (LR+) e likelihood negativo (LR). Resultados: Foram obtidas 25 radiografias de um total de 22 pacientes, que foram incluídas neste estudo. A idade média de tratamento foi de 2,95 anos e variou entre um e cinco anos, com maior prevalência no sexo feminino e maior incidência no lado esquerdo. As avaliações intra e inter-observadores tiveram valores semelhantes e com índice Kappa alto, 0,834 (IC 95%). A correlação entre o consenso e a tomografia mostrou alta concordância Kappa = 0,834 (IC95%), com 100% de sensibilidade, especificidade de 95,5% e valor preditivo negativo de 100 (83,9-100). Conclusão: A incidência radiográfica Inlet se mostrou um método viável e confiável, em comparação com a tomografia computadorizada para a avaliação pós-operatória da redução, na displasia do desenvolvimento do quadril / Introduction: Development dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) affects 1.5 to 2.5 per 1000 live births. The treatment varies according to the age and can range from the use of the suspensory to open reduction associated with pelvic osteotomies and, or femur osteotomies. The evaluation of the reduction after the surgeries is done by means of uniplanar radiographs and complemented with tomography or magnetic resonance images. A complementary radiograph not used for this purpose may help in this evaluation: Inlet radiography. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Inlet radiography in comparison to the Tomography method currently used in our service for this evaluation. Secondarily, it seeks to evaluate the reproducibility of the evaluation through intra and inter-observer correlations. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of DDQ operated between 2013 and 2015 were evaluated. All patients underwent postoperative inlet radiography and tomography. Blind evaluations were performed on images randomly distributed intra and between evaluators correlated by Kappa index (95% CI). A consensus was also reached among the evaluators and this was compared with the results of tomography as a gold method. This correlation was evaluated by the weighted Kappa index (95% CI) and the diagnostic measures, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood (LR +) and negative likelihood (LR) were obtained. Results: A total of 25 radiographs obtained from 22 patients were included in the study. The mean age of treatment was 2.95 years and ranged from one to five years, with a higher prevalence in females and a higher incidence on the left side. Intra and interobserver evaluations obtained similar values and high Kappa = 0.834 (95% CI). The correlation between consensus and tomography showed high Kappa agreement = 0.834 (95% CI), with 100% sensitivity, 95.5% specificity and negative predictive value of 100 (83.9-100). Conclusion: Inlet radiography proved to be a viable and reliable method compared with CT for postoperative evaluation of hip reduction in Developmental Hip Dysplasia

Bakgrund: Årligen genomförs cirka 740 000 kirurgiska ingrepp inom slutenvården i Sverige som resulterar i postoperativ smärta. Postoperativ smärta är en typ av akut vävnadsskadesmärta som upplevs till följd av kirurgiskt ingrepp. Om obehandlad kan postoperativ smärta resultera sig i kronisk smärta, försämrad livskvalitet och ökad mortalitet. Musikterapi är en biverkningsfri och icke farmakologisk metod som kan implementeras i vården som ett komplement till traditionell behandling för att lindra postoperativ smärta samt öka patienternas välbefinnande.   Syfte: Att undersöka vilken påverkan musik har på postoperativ smärta och de fysiologiska reaktioner som uppstår vid postoperativ smärta.   Metod: Denna studie är en beskrivande allmän litteraturstudie med kvantativ ansats. Artikelsökningarna genomfördes i PubMeds– och CINAHLs databas med hjälp av MeSH genererade söktermer, där elva originalartiklar valdes att inkluderas i studien. Utav dessa var det en artikel som efter kvalitetsgranskning exkluderades, då dess kvalité inte var av medel eller högre kvalité. Resultat: Sju av tio studier visade att musik sänkte smärtintensiteten hos patienter som genomgått thorax- eller abdominal kirurgi. Ingen tydlig påverkan på fysiologiska reaktioner postoperativt kunde ses hos samtliga studier. Slutsats: Musik kan användas som en komplementär behandling till sedvanlig vård för att sänka smärtintensiteten hos postoperativa patienter och öka delaktigheten och självbestämmandet hos patienten. Musikterapi är varken kostsamt eller innehåller biverkningar och kan därför implementeras ute i samhället såväl som inom vården. Mer forskning behövs däremot för att se om musik har en påverkan på de fysiologiska reaktionerna som uppstår vid smärta. / Background: Approximately 740,000 surgical procedures are performed every year in Sweden, resulting in postoperative pain. Postoperative pain is a type of acute tissue injury that is experienced as a result of a surgical procedure. If not treated properly, postoperative pain can result in chronic pain, worsened quality of life and increased mortality. Music therapy is a cheap non-pharmacological method without side-effects that could be implemented in healthcare as a complement to traditional treatment, to alleviate postoperative pain and increase the well-being of patients.   Purpose: To investigate the impact music has on post-operative pain and the physiological reactions that arise from postoperative pain.   Method: A descriptive literature study using quantitative methods. The search for articles was done in the database of PubMed and CINAHL with the help of MeSH generated terms. Eleven original articles were included in this study, whereas one of them were excluded later on by not passing the criteria of the quality control.   Results: Seven out of ten studies showed that music reduced the pain intensity in patients that had undergone either thoracic- or abdominal surgery. No clear influence on physiological reactions could be seen postoperatively.   Conclusion: Music can be used as a complementary treatment to conventional care, to reduce the pain intensity of postoperative patients, and to have patients partake more in their treatment. Since music is cheap och does not involve any side-effect, it can be involved as a analgesic complementary method in society as well as in hospitals. Though more research is needed to see if music has an impact on the physiological responses resulting from pain.

Every year, millions of Americans suffer from either chronic or acute pain that results in tremendous healthcare cost, rehabilitation, and loss of work productivity. Pain is an unpleasant sensation associated with sensory and emotional experiences that can cause potential or actual tissue damage. One plausible solution to managing pain is the use of nonpharmacological modalities such as guided imagery. The purpose of this project was to determine if there was a difference in pain scores following pharmacological interventions and the use of guided imagery among postoperative same day surgical patients. Guided imagery is a nonpharmacological modality that uses pictures, music, and imaginary scenes to help heal the body in addition to using relaxation techniques and mental images for the management of pain. This project included the translation of evidence into practice using guided imagery on a 25-bed same day surgery unit (N = 34 patients), guided by Kolcaba's comfort theory. The findings of this project included using guided imagery for same day surgery patients who rated their pain greater than 4 on the traditional pain scale of one to ten, with one equaling no pain and ten equaling worst pain. The results of the evaluation showed a significant decrease in pain scores between premedication to postmedication (p < 0.001), premedication and postguided imagery (p < 0.001), and postmedication and postguided imaginary (p < 0.001). Guided imagery has been demonstrated to be efficient and cost effective methods to reducing pain. This project indicated that use of nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions working together could be more effective for pain management in same day surgical patients.