The second world war is no doubt one of the most important milestone to the whole history of human being. In the border area of Czechoslovakia was this milestone moreover followed by expulsion of German population and resettlement by Czech inhabitants. This thesis deals with the immediate aftermath of forced displacement of Sudeten Germans after 1945 and resettlement of the border areas of Czechoslovakia. It focuses specifically on area of Jablonec nad Nisou where the entire structure of the population has changed significantly during a short period. Specific events are complemented by testimonies of eyewitnesses. The postwar development of Jablonec nad Nisou district differs from other towns resettled in the border region especially due to prevailing glass and jewelery industry with its specific characteristics. Therefore, the part of the thesis is devoted to analysis of industrial conditions of this area and development of leading local companies.