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The aim of this thesis was to analyze the losses of piglets in pig utility breeding. On the selected farm was made the following experiment: for 4 hybrid combinations was assessed a total of 117 litters of sows. There were monitored basic statistical characteristics (number of all born piglets, number of live born and also number of weaned piglets). The effect of hybrid combination, the litter order and boar impact were evaluated for them. The best results in number of all born piglets (11.00 pc) were achieved for the hybrid combination number 2. The highest number of live born and surviving piglets (10.6 pc and 10.4 pc) was for the hybrid combination number 4. The lowest results in all measured categories (10.08 pc, 9.9 pc and 9.2 pc) were achieved for the hybrid combination number 1. The highest number of all born piglets per litter order for all the hybrid combinations was achieved at the fifth litter order. The highest number of live born and surviving piglets was at the third litter. The lowest number of all born piglets was at the tenth litter. At the eighth litter was the lowest number of live born and surviving piglets. The highest number of all born piglets was recorded with the boar AEG 26, that belongs to the hybrid combination number 1. Moreover that boar had the highest number of live born piglets. However, the highest average number of all weaned piglets is achieved with the boar HYB 140 from the hybrid group number 2. The lowest average number of all born, live born and weaned piglets is with the boar ALT 163, that also comes from the hybrid combination number 1.

A melanoma is a tumor disease, which can attack besides the skin also other organs, for example eye, gastrointestinal and urogenital tract. Aggressive progression and therapy resistance are characteristic for the melanoma. There is a continuous growth of the incidence of this disease in the world. That is one of the reasons why there is a growth in number of studies conducted on animal models, which are affected by this disease. MeLiM (Melanoma-bearing Libechov Minipigs) is great example of suitable animal model for studying this tumor disease. In these pigs occurs a hereditary melanoma. The peculiarity of this pig strain is, that there is described a complete spontaneous tumor regression usually within three months after birth. Complete spontaneous tumor regression is very rare in humans. However, there were discovered similarities between melanoma occurring in this pig strain and melanoma affecting humans in biochemistry and histopathology. The animal model MeLiM is very suitable for tumor disease research because of these similarities. Reproduction in the animal model MeLiM is not well understood. It can be assumed, in the MeLiM strain sows with hereditary melanoma occurs changes in the functional morphology of the reproductive organs and there are abnormalities in meiotic maturation of oocytes. The aim of this study was to determine if there are changes in the functional morphology of the reproductive organs in the MeLiM strain sows and if there are abnormalities in meiotic maturation of oocytes. We confirmed in our study that the reproductive organs in MeLiM strain sows are smaller than the reproductive organs in common strain of pigs described in the publications. On the ovary of sows were observed ovarian cysts, but there were no abnormalities in meiotic maturation of MeLiM oocytes, even when the number of oocytes was smaller.

The aim of this thesis was to compare the reproductive performance of sows on two farms within a selected company, which is engaged in breeding pigs. There were observed phenotypic level of selected reproductive parameters, namely the total number of piglets born, number of piglets born alive and number of weaned piglets. These reproductive performance were also compared depending on the order of litters and the length of pregnancy. The evaluation of the results we can say that the best reproduction performance were achieved in 2014 on a farm A, namely 15,00 pcs of all born piglets per litter. Live born and weaned piglets per litter were found most in 2015 on a farm B, namely 12.56 pcs / litter of live born piglets and weaned piglets - 11.67 pcs / litter. In comparison reproductive performance in the sequence of litter in the number of live born piglets were the best third and subsequent litters on the farm A - 14.66 piglets per litter. The most live born piglets were found in the third and subsequent litters on the farm B - 12.58 piglets per litter. The highest number of weaned piglets were found again in third and subsequent litters, namely 11.64 piglets per litter on the farm B. The evaluation of influence of the length of pregnancy on the reproductive performance is obvious that the best results in all parameters was achieved at a length of pregnancy in the interval from 111 to 113 days. All born piglets per litter were found 15.2 pcs / litter on the farm A and live born piglets per litter were the most on the farm B - 12.55 pcs / litter. The most weaned piglets were found on the farm B - 11,70 pcs / litter. Losses of piglets from birth to weaning were recorded at least on the farm A in 2015 - 5.73% of piglets born alive and on the farm B in 2014 - 6.69%. Depending on the order of litter was the best result achieved at the farm and for sows in the second litter, when losses were recorded only 0.09% of piglets born alive. The best result of losses in relation to the length of pregnancy was achieved on farms A 3.24% at the length of pregnancy in the interval from 117 to 119 days

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