The aim of this thesis was to develop a literature search and experimentally determine the effect of organic forms of selenium levels (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg FM) of selenium on the antioxidant status in postpartum sows. Experiment included 18 sows in the postpartum period, which were divided into three groups according to age. The model animals were divided into three groups. The first group (Se1) sows (n = 6) served as a control, wherein the addition of selenium has not been increased. The second group (Se2) sows (n = 6) were fed 0.3 mg Se/kg FM. Third group (Se3) sows (n = 6) were fed 0.6 mg Se/kg FM. Premix was dosed in the morning feeding. To supplement selenium were used selenium enriched yeast (Sel-Plex - Alltech's). The results show that the dose of selenium in an amount of 0.30 and 0.60 mg/kg FM, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) after supplementation with 0.3 mg/kg selenium increased from the second sampling, but the third sampling was statistically significant (P <0.05). Doses of 0.6 mg/kg selenium also visibly increased level of glutathione, but these results can not be statistically demonstrated. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) at both doses (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg) appeared selenium statistically not detectable visible growth. We also found an increase of antioxidant activity measured by the methods ABTS, FRAP and FR, although the methods ABTS and FR showed slight fluctuations. The amount of reduced and oxidized glutathione were also significantly (P <0.05) higher in both experimental groups. The selenium content of selenium supplementation significantly affected when the results of both experimental groups were statistically significant (P <0.05) higher. Level malonyldialdehydu (MDA) after supplementation with 0.3 mg/kg selenium statistically proven (P <0.05) increased in the third collection at 0.6 mg/kg selenium, we observed statistically demonstrable (P <0.05) increase from the second collection. We can therefore conclude that selenium supplementation in organic form, can reduce oxidative stress in confinement of sows and overcome this stressful period for the organism.

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Angl. resumé

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The aim of this diploma thesis was to assess the performance achieved at sows of CLW breed and hybrid sows of CLW x CL within 1 year in a selected breeding. As a result of the appearance of heterosis effect, 0.34 of live born piglets more was born at the cross breeds of F1 generation CLW x CL than to the sows of the CLW breeds. The sows with the length of pregnancy up to 114 days (11.34 piglets) delivered by 0.62 live-born piglets more than sows with the length of pregnancy over 115 days (10.72 piglets). The sows with farrowing interval up to 162 days had a higher number of live-born piglets (11.54) than the sows with farrowing interval over 163 days (11.39). The mating of the sows the fifth day after the piglet weaning, had a positive effect on the number of live-born piglets. The effect of age at first mating on the number of live-born piglets was positively reflected in the interval age 256?270 days (10.53 pieces) and 210?225 days (10.47 pieces). The highest number of live-born piglets was demonstrated from 3rd to 5th parity. The most sows of both genotypes were selected because of returning to service. The analysis of an age structure of the herd was performed as well.

The aim of the diploma thesis was to analyse the saw body condition and to judge the impact of the condition on the reproduction parameters. The body condition effect on the live weight of piglets in the litter from the birth to the weaning was not proved. The sows classed into the fasting condition had longer farrowing interval than saws classed into the breeding condition. The level of decrease the live weight of the sows during the lactation did not dramatically influenced the number of piglets in the litter. The highest piglet looses from farrowing to weaning were found in the first three litters. For optimal breeding conditions is necessary to keep the sows in condition closest to the breeding (optimal) condition.

The main objective of the Thesis was to analyse the reproductive performance of sows in the selected breeding. Data collection took place in Vemas a.s, which is engaged in pig breeding. The data was gathered in this breeding in the period of August 8 2016 to July 31 2017 at sample of 938 sows in 1761 litters. In the litter, the age of first fertilization and parturition of sows were monitored as well as the length of gestation period itself and gestation period depending on the number of alive or dead born piglets in the litter. Furthermore, the amount of all born piglets was observed, alive and dead born ones in the litter, the number of mummified piglets, the amount of weaned piglets and the loss of piglets from birth to weaning in connection to the litter order of the sow. Most of sows were fertilized between days 230. and 249. of their age, while parturition appeared between days 350. and 359. of their age. The average length of gestation period was 115,38 days. The biggest portion of live born piglets (14,08 cases per a litter) was born at the length of 113 days of gestation period, the smallest portion of dead born piglets has been found at the lenght of gestation period between 118 and 119 days. Most of all (14,72 cases per litter) and of alive born piglets (13,91 cases per litter) were observed in the third litter, the amount of dead born and mummified piglets in the litter went up in relation with the litter order. The number of weaned piglets in the litters was fairly balanced, in average 12,12 cases per a litter. The losses between the birth and the weaning were the highest in the third litter (10,42 % out of live born piglets). The breeding reaches excelent results which are also proven by PICtrag league where the breeding came first two times in a row.

The aim of the thesis was to analyse the reproductive parameters of the CLW and CLWxCL sows group in selected breeding group (CLW - Czech Large White, CL - Czech Landrace). Sows, compared to gilts, had more all born piglets born after 100 services (by 118 piglets more after 1st insemination and 116 piglets more after all inseminations). The CLWxCL sows gave birth to 0.10 more all born piglets and 0.21 live piglets more. The highest number of piglets, all and live, was born in the 4th parity. The correlation coefficients between the age at the 1st service and the number of all resp. live-born piglets were low. Only 0.1 live piglets were born to CLW sows with weaning to service interval (WSI) from 5 days compared to WSI to 4 days. In CLWxCL sows, more live-born piglets showed sows with WSI to 4 days compared to sows with WSI from 5 days. The difference was higher, namely 0.8 piglet (P < 0.05). In the case of CLW and CLWxCL sows was confirmed a statistically significant difference in the number of live-born piglets between the sows with a gestation length from 116 days, up to 114 days and 115 days. Most of the piglets were born after AMD 74 boar and the lowest number after AMD 101 boar.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the reproductive and productive indicators of Landrace pig breeding. Sows of basic herd and breeding nucleus are divid into four groups according to the age of the gilts, sows at risk litters, the sows producing litters and sows for 6 or more litters. Reproductive indicators of sows, fertility (number of piglets born, number of piglets born alive, number of piglets weaned) and milk production, are evaluat. Comparing the results of the observed Landrace pig herd population in the Czech Republic, it found that better results are achieved by breeding Landrace population. The achievement in the observed enterprise is 15.8 ? 2.2 units of all piglets born in a litter, 14.4 ? 2.3 units of piglets born alive per litter and number of piglets wean per litter is 9.4 ? 1.6 piglets. Population reaches fewer piglets born in a litter and more of the preserv. This proves that breeding must seek to reduce differences between piglets born and preserv. This is relat to milk production of sows, which is also below the average for the whole population. Furthermore, the results of the performance of gilts and male pigs according to the methodology for field testing are evaluat. For performance testing the average backfat thickness (mm) of lean meat (%) and average daily gain (g) in the unified testing are assessed. Population achieves better results in the proportion of lean muscle in both gilts and male pigs for both monitoring years. The greatest difference is reach in 2013 with male pigs and that is about 7%. Backfat thickness is on average about 1 mm higher than the reference breeding population. Nowadays the interest in breeding animals is decreasing. In 2013, 3 male pigs and 88 gilts were sold.