This study investigates the syntactic structures and informational properties of English it-cleft and Chinese shi....(de) structure in the English novel The Fellowship of the Ring and its Chinese translation Å]§Ù­º³¡¦±. In previous studies, Chinese shi...(de) structure is generally regarded as a cleft sentence, and is equivalent to English it-cleft. However, in the present study, examination of it-cleft in the English novel and its Chinese shi...(de) translation supports the observation that Chinese shi...(de) structure is not equivalent to English it-cleft, but should be treated as a predicational sentence (Lambrechet 2008 and Shyu 2008). The data for analysis consist of 208 Chinese shi...(de) entries in the Chinese text and 48 English it-clefts in the English text. The results reveal that the Chinese translation contains a noticeably higher number of shi...(de) structures than the English text contains it-clefts, with the proportion of Chinese shi...(de) structures five times greater than English it-clefts (84.5% vs.19.5%). The discrepancy is ascribed to two reasons. First, Chinese shi...(de) structure is treated as a predicational sentence involving the three focus types: Predicate Focus (PF), Sentence Focus (SF), and Argument Focus (IF) (Lambrecht 1994, 2001). Second, English interrogative construction tends to be translated to Chinese shi...(de) structure. Another issue concerns how the four informational properties account for the differences between English it-cleft and Chinese shi...(de) sentence: the stress-focused cleft, the informative presupposition cleft, the discontinuous cleft, and the emphatic cleft. It is observed that these four functional properties can be comparable with Lambrecht¡¦s three focus types, and that they can be used to determine the real focus in the scope of shi...(de), without concerning ambiguous problems among subject focus, sentence focus and adjunct focus.

The Rodokmen (Family tree) environment is one of the many envirnments listed in Fraus publishing house textbooks based on the RVP pro ZV (The Framework Educatinal Programme for Basic Education). The environment offers a tool for building of the mathematical schema of terms and their inter-realations as well as the development of the logical thought. In the theorethicl part of this Diploma thesis the relationship of the Rodokmen environment to the RVP pro ZV is being explained, basic mathematical and geneaologic terminology is stated. In this part of the thesis I also explain the relations in the set cocncept, clasify the family relationships and adress the methodology of the age example solving. In the practical part of the thesis I - by the way of experiment - determine how and in what context students understand the stated mathematical terms, the way they apply the understanding in order to solv the relation and age exams or problems, where the numeric operations take place.