Recognition of prior learning, better known as RPL, was introduced to training institutions in South Africa after the fall of Apartheid. The objective of RPL was to redress inequalities brought about by Apartheid when disadvantaged groups had less access to training opportunities. RPL was introduced with a combination of associated training and education initiatives such as the National Qualification Framework and the South African Qualifications Authority, all directed for a similar purpose. The South African Nursing Council agreed with the principles of RPL and published a policy document aimed to guide nurse educators to enhance RPL implementation in South African nursing education institutions. Despite the support from accessible legislative and regulatory documentation, RPL is implemented insufficiently in nursing education institutions. The lack of RPL implementation was also identified by the researcher in the Limpopo College of Nursing. This College of Nursing can be described as a symbol of post-Apartheid re-integration whereby nursing colleges centralised into one administrative management office with campuses, satellite campuses and over 120 nurse educators. The research question asked was what are nurse educators’ perceptions of the implementation of RPL in nursing colleges in Limpopo Province? The aim was to support nurse educators to enhance the implementation of RPL in nursing colleges in Limpopo Province. A qualitative, phenomenological, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was followed. Seven (n=7) individual, in-depth, unstructured interviews were conducted with nurse educators employed at the X Campus and Y Satellite Campus of the Limpopo College of Nursing. Transcribed interviews were analysed and resulted in three main themes and nine sub-themes. Firstly, the participants voiced their agreement that RPL should be implemented and identified specific benefits and challenges thereof. Secondly, there should be a RPL assessment package that should be open and transparent, be able to assess academic performance against college standards and should minimise inequalities. The third main theme was the need for enhanced awareness of RPL implementation in nursing colleges. Nurse educators lack knowledge about RPL and should therefore be more awareness thereof. In addition RPL should be promoted as a beneficial mechanism to the learning process. These results were discussed with a literature integration and in the majority of results literature confirmed these findings. Conclusion statements were formulated from the research results and served as the basis for the formulation of recommendations to support nurse educators with the implementation of RPL in nursing colleges in Limpopo Province. The recommendations were directed to firstly the policy makers in nursing education; secondly to the nursing education institutions and thirdly to the nurse educators. Areas for further research were listed. Strategies to enhance trustworthiness and the adherence of ethical considerations were supported throughout this study. / MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

International studies have shown the reading competence of Indonesian students to be relatively low compared to other countries. Considering the importance of reading comprehension, the current research has two aims. The first is to provide some insight into the identification of students’ difficulty with reading. The second is to investigate the implementation of innovative methods for teaching reading comprehension in the Indonesian educational context. Both studies were conducted in state upper grade primary schools in Urban Sub District BCL in Bandung, Indonesia. Study One profiled students’ reading performance. Five measurement instruments were developed, written in Indonesian language. The construction of mental models was also introduced. Two hundred and sixty five Grade Five students from eight schools were measured for their competence in decoding, prior knowledge, comprehension monitoring, construction of mental models, reading comprehension specifically related to a particular topic, and their general reading comprehension. The students’ reading performance profiles were very varied. They showed the importance of each component for the achievement of reading comprehension. The profiles also showed the ability for each component of reading comprehension to compensate each other’s function to enable the students to perform well in reading comprehension. The best-fit model for the data accounted for 47% of students’ performance in reading comprehension. Study Two compared instructional interventions, and examined the way each method worked in the Indonesian educational context. The three instructional intervention methods were Reciprocal Teaching (RT), Instruction prompting students to develop Mental Models (IMM), and Instruction in Question Answering (IQA). Participants were one hundred and twelve students in the Sixth Grade from three primary schools. There were three groups in each school. Group 1 received RT followed by IMM (RT-IMM), Group 2 received IMM followed by RT (IMM-RT), and Group 3 received IQA. Group 3 was considered as the control group, since IQA is the traditional method widely adopted in Indonesia. Instruction was separated into 2 phases. Each phase consisted of four sessions of 30 minutes each over a two-week period. The implementation of IMM-RT tended to improve general reading comprehension more than other methods (RT-IMM and IQA). Interestingly, individuals who had a low performance in the pre-test for construction of mental models, improved their performance in the construction of mental models following implementation of RT at the first phase. The results support a conclusion that the IMM-RT combination is potentially effective for the enhancement of students’ reading comprehension. However, further results showed that, in order to implement RT and IMM in a common state school classroom in Indonesia, the teacher’s ability to manage and organise the group becomes crucial. Study Three was designed to validate the IMM-RT instructional intervention for improving performances of students with reading comprehension inadequacies, by addressing the limitations found in Study Two. Result showed that IMM-RT had potential for improving students’ performance in reading comprehension. The findings of the current study provide some understanding of reading comprehension in an Indonesian educational context. Moreover, the findings will add to the repertoire of educators about issues that need to be considered in implementing innovative methods for enhancing Indonesian students’ reading comprehension.

International studies have shown the reading competence of Indonesian students to be relatively low compared to other countries. Considering the importance of reading comprehension, the current research has two aims. The first is to provide some insight into the identification of students’ difficulty with reading. The second is to investigate the implementation of innovative methods for teaching reading comprehension in the Indonesian educational context. Both studies were conducted in state upper grade primary schools in Urban Sub District BCL in Bandung, Indonesia. Study One profiled students’ reading performance. Five measurement instruments were developed, written in Indonesian language. The construction of mental models was also introduced. Two hundred and sixty five Grade Five students from eight schools were measured for their competence in decoding, prior knowledge, comprehension monitoring, construction of mental models, reading comprehension specifically related to a particular topic, and their general reading comprehension. The students’ reading performance profiles were very varied. They showed the importance of each component for the achievement of reading comprehension. The profiles also showed the ability for each component of reading comprehension to compensate each other’s function to enable the students to perform well in reading comprehension. The best-fit model for the data accounted for 47% of students’ performance in reading comprehension. Study Two compared instructional interventions, and examined the way each method worked in the Indonesian educational context. The three instructional intervention methods were Reciprocal Teaching (RT), Instruction prompting students to develop Mental Models (IMM), and Instruction in Question Answering (IQA). Participants were one hundred and twelve students in the Sixth Grade from three primary schools. There were three groups in each school. Group 1 received RT followed by IMM (RT-IMM), Group 2 received IMM followed by RT (IMM-RT), and Group 3 received IQA. Group 3 was considered as the control group, since IQA is the traditional method widely adopted in Indonesia. Instruction was separated into 2 phases. Each phase consisted of four sessions of 30 minutes each over a two-week period. The implementation of IMM-RT tended to improve general reading comprehension more than other methods (RT-IMM and IQA). Interestingly, individuals who had a low performance in the pre-test for construction of mental models, improved their performance in the construction of mental models following implementation of RT at the first phase. The results support a conclusion that the IMM-RT combination is potentially effective for the enhancement of students’ reading comprehension. However, further results showed that, in order to implement RT and IMM in a common state school classroom in Indonesia, the teacher’s ability to manage and organise the group becomes crucial. Study Three was designed to validate the IMM-RT instructional intervention for improving performances of students with reading comprehension inadequacies, by addressing the limitations found in Study Two. Result showed that IMM-RT had potential for improving students’ performance in reading comprehension. The findings of the current study provide some understanding of reading comprehension in an Indonesian educational context. Moreover, the findings will add to the repertoire of educators about issues that need to be considered in implementing innovative methods for enhancing Indonesian students’ reading comprehension.

International studies have shown the reading competence of Indonesian students to be relatively low compared to other countries. Considering the importance of reading comprehension, the current research has two aims. The first is to provide some insight into the identification of students’ difficulty with reading. The second is to investigate the implementation of innovative methods for teaching reading comprehension in the Indonesian educational context. Both studies were conducted in state upper grade primary schools in Urban Sub District BCL in Bandung, Indonesia. Study One profiled students’ reading performance. Five measurement instruments were developed, written in Indonesian language. The construction of mental models was also introduced. Two hundred and sixty five Grade Five students from eight schools were measured for their competence in decoding, prior knowledge, comprehension monitoring, construction of mental models, reading comprehension specifically related to a particular topic, and their general reading comprehension. The students’ reading performance profiles were very varied. They showed the importance of each component for the achievement of reading comprehension. The profiles also showed the ability for each component of reading comprehension to compensate each other’s function to enable the students to perform well in reading comprehension. The best-fit model for the data accounted for 47% of students’ performance in reading comprehension. Study Two compared instructional interventions, and examined the way each method worked in the Indonesian educational context. The three instructional intervention methods were Reciprocal Teaching (RT), Instruction prompting students to develop Mental Models (IMM), and Instruction in Question Answering (IQA). Participants were one hundred and twelve students in the Sixth Grade from three primary schools. There were three groups in each school. Group 1 received RT followed by IMM (RT-IMM), Group 2 received IMM followed by RT (IMM-RT), and Group 3 received IQA. Group 3 was considered as the control group, since IQA is the traditional method widely adopted in Indonesia. Instruction was separated into 2 phases. Each phase consisted of four sessions of 30 minutes each over a two-week period. The implementation of IMM-RT tended to improve general reading comprehension more than other methods (RT-IMM and IQA). Interestingly, individuals who had a low performance in the pre-test for construction of mental models, improved their performance in the construction of mental models following implementation of RT at the first phase. The results support a conclusion that the IMM-RT combination is potentially effective for the enhancement of students’ reading comprehension. However, further results showed that, in order to implement RT and IMM in a common state school classroom in Indonesia, the teacher’s ability to manage and organise the group becomes crucial. Study Three was designed to validate the IMM-RT instructional intervention for improving performances of students with reading comprehension inadequacies, by addressing the limitations found in Study Two. Result showed that IMM-RT had potential for improving students’ performance in reading comprehension. The findings of the current study provide some understanding of reading comprehension in an Indonesian educational context. Moreover, the findings will add to the repertoire of educators about issues that need to be considered in implementing innovative methods for enhancing Indonesian students’ reading comprehension.

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar que uma convenção social está fortemente relacionada com o conceito de equilíbrio correlacionado. Através da interação de longo prazo e do aprendizado, os agentes podem chegar a um acordo, mesmo com suposições pouco restritivas e que possibilitem uma interpretação mais natural e realista do conceito de equilíbrio em Teoria dos Jogos. Inicialmente a suposição de conhecimento comum é apresentado de maneira formal e informal. O conceito de equilíbrio correlacionado é apresentado com exemplos. Finalmente, a relação entre o equilíbrio correlacionado e a convenção social é analisada. / The main purpose of this dissertation is to show that a convention can be related to a correlated equilibrium. Through the long run interaction and learning, the players can reach an agreement, even if we relax the traditional assumptions of Game Theory, and we can find a more natural and plausible interpretation of equilibrium. Initially the common knowledge assumption is presented in a formal and informal way. The correlated equilibrium is presented with examples. Finally, the relation between correlated equilibrium and convention is analyzed.

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-05-09T13:44:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Jorge Cassar.pdf: 549510 bytes, checksum: 9533e868ff094faf52c9b01146065c01 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-05-09T13:44:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Jorge Cassar.pdf: 549510 bytes, checksum: 9533e868ff094faf52c9b01146065c01 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-09T13:45:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Jorge Cassar.pdf: 549510 bytes, checksum: 9533e868ff094faf52c9b01146065c01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03 / O presente trabalho enfoca o que originou as Comissões de Conciliação Prévia, considerando os fatos relevantes que ensejaram sua criação, cujo embrião se formou no seio da maioria dos Ministros do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, a partir de debates que culminaram com o patrocínio do projeto de lei que se materializou em janeiro de 2000. Realça a necessidade de um mecanismo de composição que não dependa do Judiciário, em decorrência não só do colapso em que se encontra a Justiça do Trabalho em razão do número de processos trabalhistas, como também na utilização de importante instrumento alternativo. Aborda também as diversas formas alternativas de solução de conflitos. Considera a presença do Conselho Nacional de Justiça que vem exigindo melhora na prestação jurisdicional. Demonstra que ao longo dos primeiros 10 anos da Lei que introduziu as CCPs, houve resistência de grande parte do Judiciário, o que acabou por esvaziá-las. Examina, em continuidade, as decisões proferidas ao longo da vigência da Lei e que influíram na atuação das Comissões de Conciliação Prévia. Finalmente, aponta os aspectos da Lei n.º 9.958/00, analisa a constitucionalidade e a natureza da mesma e demonstra a indispensabilidade da criação desse meio como forma de agilizar o Judiciário, de reduzir as demandas e, consequentemente, de auxiliar na efetividade da prestação da tutela jurisdicional. Observa, por fim, que o Judiciário não pode prescindir da colaboração de órgãos que possam auxiliar a minimizar o exagerado número de demandas que assolam aquele Poder. / This paper focuses on what led to the conciliation commissions, considering the facts that gave rise to its creation, whose embryo was formed among the majority of Ministers of the Superior Labor Court, from discussions that led to the sponsorship of the project law that has materialized in January 2000. Stresses the need for a mechanism that does not depend on the composition of the judiciary, not only because of the collapse is that the Labour Court because of the number of labor, but also important in the use of an alternative instrument. It also discusses the various alternative forms of dispute resolution. Considers the presence of the National Council of Justice has demanded improvement in adjudication. It shows that over the first 10 years of Law which introduced the CCP, there was much resistance from the judiciary, which turned out to empty them. It examines, in continuity, the decisions over the life of the law and having a bearing on performance of conciliation commissions. Finally, indicate aspects of Law No. 9.958/00, and analyzes the constitutionality of the same nature and demonstrates the necessity of creating that environment as a way to streamline the judiciary, to reduce demand and thus help in the effectiveness of providing by courts. Notes, finally, that the judiciary can not do without the collaboration of agencies that can help to minimize the number of exaggerated claims that plague that Power.

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar que uma convenção social está fortemente relacionada com o conceito de equilíbrio correlacionado. Através da interação de longo prazo e do aprendizado, os agentes podem chegar a um acordo, mesmo com suposições pouco restritivas e que possibilitem uma interpretação mais natural e realista do conceito de equilíbrio em Teoria dos Jogos. Inicialmente a suposição de conhecimento comum é apresentado de maneira formal e informal. O conceito de equilíbrio correlacionado é apresentado com exemplos. Finalmente, a relação entre o equilíbrio correlacionado e a convenção social é analisada. / The main purpose of this dissertation is to show that a convention can be related to a correlated equilibrium. Through the long run interaction and learning, the players can reach an agreement, even if we relax the traditional assumptions of Game Theory, and we can find a more natural and plausible interpretation of equilibrium. Initially the common knowledge assumption is presented in a formal and informal way. The correlated equilibrium is presented with examples. Finally, the relation between correlated equilibrium and convention is analyzed.

Pour l’analyse de la dynamique territoriale il est fondamental une grande quantité de données et leur intégration avec des données spatiales et statistiques facilite ce processus. La thèse se propose d’analyser la dynamique de la superficie agricole des municipalités du Territoire de la Citoyenneté Região Central-RS (TCRCRS) qui fait partie d’une politique publique spatiale de territoires citoyens. Cette dynamique sera analysée à partir d’une technique de détection de changement connue par Rotation Contrôlée par Axe de Non Changement - RCEN. Ainsi, la thèse a comme objectif évaluer les altérations subies par la superficie agricole au long de la période 1985 / 2010 dans les municipalités du TCRCRS en utilisant l’algorithme RCEN. Les étapes méthodologiques suivantes ont été implémentées: utilisation d’images différentes pour l’obtention de pixeis échantillons de non changement; analyse qualitative de l’organisation de la superficie agricole pour les municipalités de Cacequi, Santiago et Tupanciretã, sélectionnés en raison de leur localisation parmi des différentes sous-unités de paysage dans l’État; définition des seuils pour la délimitation des classes thématiques de l’organisation spatiale de la superficie agricole et évaluation de la fiabilité des résultats de la technique RCEN, utilisée pour déterminer la précision de la classification supervisée des images TM Landsat 5 par une matrice de concaténation. La matrice est basée sur l’algèbre de cartes de façon à obtenir une image numérique finale qui exprime toutes les possibilités de l’espace échantillon. Les résultats ont montré que, avec 1% de signification, la technique RCEN peut être utilisée pour détecter la dynamique dans la superficie agricole en utilisant les seuils de vigueur végétatif de l’IDETEC comparés aux résultats des répertoires Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), qui a été obtenu tout en considérant le total de pluies antérieures au passage du senseur, variable qui interfère sur les valeurs moyennes de NDVI. Des images de détections de changements (IDETEC) ont été engendrées pour analyser les cultures agricoles d’hiver et d’été, s’obtenant 99% de confiance en les images choisies pour la distribution spatiale des classes définies par l’adoption des seuils de ( - 0,5σ ; – 1,5σ ; + 0,5σ ; + 1,5σ), en prenant comme point central de la classe de non changement. Les images de détection de changements ont permis d’estimer et de comparer les classes de l’IDETEC avec les estimations du total d’aire plantée de cultures temporaires et des cultures agricoles de riz, avoine, maïs, soja et blé. Les aires obtenues par l’IDETEC à Tupanciretã ont surestimé l’aire agricole présentée par l’IBGE dans les images d’été avec des variations en pourcentages entre 1,11% dans l’IDETEC 1994/2009 et 8,13% dans l’IDETEC 2004/2010 ; pour les images d’hiver l’altération a été de 9,46% dans l’IDETEC 1989/2007 et de 3,44% dans l’IDETEC 1996/2005. À la municipalité de Cacequi, les variations en pourcentages de cultures temporaires ont été surestimées dans les images d’été en 7,71% dans l’IDETEC 1986/2006 et 20,47% dans l’IDETEC 1993/2005 et sous-estimées dans les images d’hiver en 9,42% dans l’IDETEC 1985/2003 et en 18,11% dans l’IDETEC 1996/2007. À Santiago elles ont été sous-estimées pour la période d’été en 24,76% dans l’IDETEC 1984/2009, pour la période d’hiver en 10,52% dans l’IDETEC 1996/2005 et surestimées en 8,23% dans l’IDETEC 2004/2010 et en 26,12% pour l’image d’hiver IDETEC 1989/2007. La technique RCEN a prouvé être capable d’évaluer des altérations dans la superficie agricole de cultures annuelles pour les municipalités de Cacequi, Santiago et Tupanciretã. / Para análise da dinâmica territorial, é fundamental uma grande quantidade de dados e a integração com dados espaciais e estatísticos, facilita esse processo. A tese propõe analisar, a dinâmica da superfície agrícola de municípios do Território da Cidadania Região Central-RS (TCRCRS), território este que, faz parte de uma política pública de territórios da cidadania. Essa dinâmica, será analisada a partir de uma técnica de detecção de mudança, conhecida por Rotação Controlada por Eixo de Não Mudança - RCEN. Assim, a tese objetiva avaliar as alterações na superfície agrícola, no período de 1985 a 2010, em municípios do TCRCRS, utilizando o algoritmo RCEN. As seguintes etapas metodológicas, foram implementadas: utilização de imagens diferentes, para obtenção de pixeis amostrais de não mudança; análise qualitativamente da organização da superfície agrícola, para os municípios de Cacequi, Santiago e Tupanciretã, selecionados por sua localização em diferentes subunidades de paisagem no Estado; definição dos limiares, para delimitação das classes temáticas da organização espacial da superfície agrícola e, avaliação da confiabilidade dos resultados da técnica RCEN, utilizada pra determinar, a precisão da classificação supervisionada das imagens TM Landsat 5, através de uma matriz de concatenação. A matriz, é baseada em álgebra de mapas de tal maneira, a obter uma imagem numérica final que, expresse todas as possibilidades do espaço amostral. Os resultados, mostraram que, com 1% de significância, a técnica RCEN pode ser utilizada, para detectar a dinâmica na superfície agrícola, utilizando limiares de vigor vegetativo da IDETEC, comparados aos resultados dos índices Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), que foi obtido considerando, o total de chuvas antecedentes a passagem do sensor, que é uma variável que interfere, nos valores médios de NDVI. Foram geradas imagens de detecção de mudanças (IDETEC), para analisar culturas agrícolas de inverno e de verão, obtendo-se 99% de confiança nas imagens selecionadas, para a distribuição espacial das classes definidas pela adoção dos limiares de ( - 0,5σ; – 1,5σ ; + 0,5σ; + 1,5σ), utilizando a como ponto central da classe de não mudança. As imagens de detecção de mudanças, permitiram estimar e comparar as classes da IDETEC, com as estimativas do total de área plantada, de lavouras temporárias, das culturas agrícolas de arroz, aveia, milho, soja e trigo As áreas obtidas pela IDETEC em Tupanciretã, superestimaram a área agrícola, apresentada pelo IBGE, nas imagens de verão com variações percentuais entre 1,11% na IDETEC 1994/2009 e 8,13% na IDETEC 2004/2010, para as imagens de inverno, a alteração foi de 9,46% na IDETEC 1989/2007 e de 3,44% na IDETEC 1996/2005. No município de Cacequi, as variações percentuais de lavouras temporárias foram superestimadas nas imagens de verão em 7,71% na IDETEC 1986/2006 e 20,47% na IDETEC 1993/2005 e, subestimadas nas imagens de inverno em 9,42% na IDETEC 1985/2003 e em 18,11% na IDETEC 1996/2007. Em Santiago, foram subestimadas para o período de verão em 24,76% na IDETEC 1984/2009 e, para o período de inverno em 10,52%, na IDETEC 1996/2005 e superestimadas em 8,23% na IDETEC 2004/2010 e, em 26,12% para a imagem de inverno IDETEC 1989/2007. A técnica RCEN, demonstrou ser capaz de estimar alterações na superfície agrícola, de culturas anuais para os municípios de Cacequi, Santiago e Tupanciretã. / For the analysis of territorial dynamics, a great amount of data is fundamental, and the integration of spatial and statistical data facilitates this process. This thesis proposes to analyze the dynamic of the agricultural surface in the Citizenship Country in the Central Area of Rio Grande do Sul (CCCARS), a country that is part of a public policy of citizenship countries. This dynamics will be analyzed by a change detection technique, known as Rotation Controlled of Non-change Axis (RCNA).Thus, this thesis aims to evaluate the alterations in the agricultural surface, in the period from 1985 to 2010, in CCCARS cities, using the RCNA algorithm. The following methodological steps were implemented: the use of different images in order to obtain non-change sampling pixeis; qualitative analysis of the organization of the agricultural surface in the cities of Cacequi, Santiago and Tupanciretã, which were selected due to their location in different subunits of landscapes in the State; determination of thresholds for the delimitation of thematic clusters in the spatial organization of the agricultural surface; and the evaluation of the reliability of the results of RCNA technique, which was used to determine the accuracy of the supervised classification of Landsat TM 5 images through a concatenating matrix. The matrix is based on the map algebra in such manner that expresses all the possibilities of the sampling space. The results showed that with 1% of significance, the RCNA technique can be used to detect the dynamics of the agricultural surface using threshold of the vigor of the vegetative growth compared with the results of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which were obtained considering the total amount of rain previous to the sensor scanning, which is a variable that interferes in the medium values of NDVI. It was created images of changes detection (IDETEC) in order to analyze summer and winter agricultural crops, obtaining 99% of reliability on the selected images, for the special distribution of the defined clusters by the adoption of the threshold values of de ( - 0,5σ; – 1,5σ ; + 0,5σ; + 1,5σ), using the as a central point of nonchange cluster. The change detection images enabled to estimate and compare IDETEC clusters with the estimate of the total planted area of temporary farm, agricultural crop of rice, oat, corn, soybean and wheat. The areas obtained by IDETEC in Tupanciretã overestimated the agricultural area presented by IBGE, with summer images with percentage variance among 1,11% on IDETEC 1994/2009 and 8,13% on IDETEC 2004/2010, for the winter images, the alteration was of 9,46% on IDETEC 1989/2007 and of 3,44% on IDETEC 1996/2007. In the city of Cacequi, the percentage variance of the temporary farms were overestimated on the summer images in 7,71% on IDETEC 1986/2006 and 20,47% on IDETEC 1993/2005 and , and overestimated on the winter images in 9,42% on IDETEC 1985/2003 and in 18,11% on IDETEC 1996/2007. In Santiago, they were underestimated for the summer period in 24,76% on IDETEC 1984/2009 and , for the winter period in 10,52%, on IDETEC 1996/2005 e and overestimated in 8,23% on IDETEC 2004/2010 and, in 26,12% for the winter image IDETEC 1989/2007. The RCNA technique showed itself to be capable of estimating the agricultural surface alteration in annual crops in the cities of Cacequi, Santiago e Tupanciretã.

The topic of the dissertation is a reconstruction of organisation structure and personnel overview of the Superior Land Court in Bohemia between 1541-1620. The thesis is divided into two parts of the research. In the first part, the court is examined from perspective of administration history and history of justice. The aim is to reconstruct the structure of courts as an independent institution within the organisation of the provincial administration in Bohemia prior to the Battle of White Mountain. Position of court within the structure of noble courts before 1620, as well as the subject of location, time frame and the process of judicial hearing, the topic of casting and seating arrangements or subject of the occupation and release of judicial posts is being dealt with in its sub-chapters. This part is based on normative sources of the central authorities and sources of assessor's personal nature. Judges - as a group of individual assessors within the court are examined in the other part. The aim is to find and identify all personnel appointed for the function within the Court associate justice (the Chief Clerk; Juror without the Superior Land Court). Each juror is presented in structured biography. The biographies are drawn according to a template. The core of biography is mainly to monitor assessor in...

O comportamento de busca de informação é conhecido por anteceder decisões não triviais e também por ocorre após a tomada de decisão, entretanto poucos estudos focam na busca por informação nesse estágio do processo. Pesquisadores têm investigado o conhecimento prévio tido pelo indivíduo como um importante preditor da busca por informação antes da tomada de decisão. No entanto, após a decisão, a influência do conhecimento prévio na busca por informação tem sido negligenciada. Considerando que o conhecimento sobre o produto é um importante componente do processo decisório do consumidor, e tal conhecimento permanece na memória do indivíduo mesmo após ele ter feito, por exemplo, uma compra, investigar o efeito do conhecimento prévio, antes da decisão, na quantidade de informação buscada pelo consumidor após a tomada de decisão endereça uma importante lacuna na literatura sobre o comportamento de busca de informação do consumidor. Esse é o principal motivador para o presente trabalho. Adicionalmente, essa pesquisa investiga a tendência à maximização como um possível moderador da relação entre conhecimento prévio e a busca de informação após a tomada de decisão. Assim, três estudos são reportados (um experimento e duas surveys). Ao longo desses estudos, o efeito simples proposto é investigado em dois estágios da experiência pós-decisão: pre- e pós-uso. Em essência, os resultados indicam que o conhecimento do consumidor (antes da tomada de decisão) aumenta a busca de informação após a decisão. Esse efeito é potencializado para consumidores com mais tendência à maximização. O papel da dissonância cognitiva também foi explorado na relação entre conhecimento prévio e busca de informação após a decisão. Por fim, a incerteza com a escolha foi apresentada como uma possível variável supressora do efeito de conhecimento prévio na varável dependente investigada. / Information search behavior is known to antecede non-trivial decisions, but it may also occur in the post-decision timespan. Researchers have studied individuals’ prior knowledge as a predictor of information sought prior to the decision. Only a few studies have focused on post-decision information seeking, and these studies did not explore the influence of prior knowledge (i.e., decision-related knowledge accumulate prior to the event of the final decision). Because product knowledge is an important component in consumers’ decision-processes and it remains within individuals’ long-term memory after they made the purchase decision, investigating the effect of pre-decision product knowledge on post-decision amounts of information sought might fill an important gap in consumer information-search-behavior literature. This was the main motivation for the current research. Additionally, this work proposes that maximizing tendencies may moderate the relationship between knowledge and post-decision information search. The thesis reports three studies varying in their data collection approach (experimental and survey). Across these studies, the proposed effect was investigated as occurring in two stages of consumers’ post-decision experience: pre-use and post-use. In essence, results indicate that the consumers’ knowledge increases information search during the post-purchase timespan. This effect is stronger among consumers with high maximizing tendencies (individuals that feel the need to maximize their decisions). I also explored the role of cognitive dissonance as a bridging factor to the relationship between prior knowledge and information seeking. Lastly, choice-uncertainty was found to suppress effects of prior knowledge.