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Объектом исследования явилась академическая прокрастинация. Предметом исследования стала связь академической прокрастинации со смысложизненными ориентациями и экзистенциальной исполненностью у студентов-психологов. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (105 источников) и приложения. Объем магистерской диссертации 81 страница, на которых размещены 11 таблиц и 1 рисунок. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор зарубежной и отечественной научной литературы по феномену прокрастинации, приведены различные трактовки данного термина, представлено изучение прокрастинации как в рамках различных психологических концепций, так и в современных исследованиях. Показана классификация прокрастинации и рассмотрена, одна из наиболее распространённых её форм, академическая прокрастинация. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Во второй главе проанализированы и проинтерпретированы результаты эмпирического исследования связи академической прокрастинации со смысложизненными ориентациями у студентов-психологов. В главе представлен корреляционный, факторный и регрессионный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по второй главе включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, а также описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the research was academic procrastination. The subject of the study was the connection between academic procrastination and life-meaning orientations and existential fulfillment in psychology students. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (105 sources) and an appendix. The volume of the master's thesis is 81 pages, which contain 11 tables and 1 figure. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problematics, the goal and objectives of the research are set, the object and subject of the research are determined, the main and additional hypotheses are formulated, the methods and empirical base are indicated, as well as the stages of the research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic scientific literature on the phenomenon of procrastination, various interpretations of this term are given, the study of procrastination is presented both within the framework of various psychological concepts and in modern research. The classification of procrastination is shown and considered, one of its most common forms, academic procrastination. Conclusions for the first chapter represent the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter analyzes and interprets the results of an empirical study of the relationship between academic procrastination and life-meaning orientations in psychology students. The chapter presents the correlation, factorial and regression analysis of the research results. The conclusions of the second chapter include the main findings of the empirical study. In the conclusion, in a generalized form, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, and possible prospects for the further development of this problem are described.

Объектом исследования явилась прокрастинация. Предметом исследования стала связь прокрастинации с личностными характеристиками. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (84 источника) и двух приложений. Объем магистерской диссертации 91 страница, на которых размещены 3 рисунка и 9 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме прокрастинации. Она содержит разделы, посвященные исследованию многообразия представлений о феномене откладывания и взаимосвязи прокрастинации с различными личностными характеристиками, а именно чертами личности, копинг-стратегиями, рефлексией и имплицитными представлениями об эмоциях. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: Шкале общей прокрастинации Лэй К.Х.; Опроснику HEXACO-PI-R Ли К., Эштона М.; Опроснику способов совладания Лазаруса Р., Фолкман С.; Опроснику «Дифференциальный тип рефлексии» Леонтьева Д.А., Лаптевой Е.М., Осина Е.Н., Салиховой А.Ж.; Шкале эмоциональных схем Лихи Р. Также в главе представлен сравнительный, корреляционный и регрессионный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. Результаты работы. Прокрастинация положительно связана с копинг-стратегией «дистанцирование», квазирефлексией, такими иррациональными представлениями об эмоциях, как инвалидация, непонятность, потеря контроля, обвинение, и отрицательно связана с копинг-стратегиями «поиск социальной поддержки», «планирование решения проблемы» и чертами личности «добросовестность» и «экстраверсия». Для людей с низкой прокрастинацией более характерно применение копинг-стратегии планирования. Высокая прокрастинация сопровождается квазирефлексией и интроверсией, а также более слабой добросовестностью. Предикторами прокрастинации являются квазирефлексия и потеря контроля (положительный вклад), добросовестность и планирование (отрицательный вклад). Область применения полученных результатов – психологическое консультирование. Значимость работы: результаты исследования можно применить при разработке методических и практических рекомендаций и инструментов по преодолению откладывания для тех, кто ощущает негативные последствия прокрастинации. / The object of the study was procrastination. The subject of the study was the relationship of procrastination with personal characteristics. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (84 sources) and two appendices. The volume of the master's thesis is 91 pages, which contain 3 figures and 9 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problem, sets the purpose and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates the main and additional hypotheses, indicates the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of procrastination. It contains sections devoted to the study of the diversity of ideas about the phenomenon of procrastination and the relationship of procrastination with various personal characteristics, namely personality traits, coping strategies, reflection and implicit ideas about emotions. The conclusions of the first chapter represent the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It describes the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained using all the methods used: the general procrastination Scale by Lay K. H.; the HEXACO-PI-R questionnaire by Lee K., Ashton M.; The Questionnaire of coping methods by Lazarus R., Folkman S.; The questionnaire "Differential type of reflection" by Leontiev D. A., Lapteva E. M., Osina E. N., Salikhova A. Zh.; Likhi R. Scale of emotional schemes. The chapter also presents a comparative, correlation and regression analysis of the research results. The conclusions of Chapter 2 include the main results of an empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of this issue are described. The results of the work. Procrastination is positively associated with the coping strategy of "distancing", quasi-reflection, such irrational ideas about emotions as disability, incomprehensibility, loss of control, accusation, and is negatively associated with the coping strategies of "seeking social support", "problem solving planning" and personality traits "conscientiousness" and "extraversion". For people with low procrastination, the use of a coping planning strategy is more typical. High procrastination is accompanied by pronounced quasi-reflection and introversion, as well as weaker conscientiousness. Predictors of procrastination are quasi-reflection and loss of control (positive contribution), conscientiousness and planning (negative contribution). The scope of application of the obtained results is psychological counseling. The significance of the work: the results of the study can be applied in the development of methodological and practical recommendations and tools to overcome procrastination for those who feel the negative effects of procrastination.

Prokrastinering är ett mycket allvarligt men också relativt vanligt uppskjutarbeteende, särskilt bland studenter, som kopplas till bland annat stress och dåliga betyg. På senare år har dock forskare argumenterat för existensen av ett gynnsamt uppskjutarbeteende, känt som strategisk förskjutning. Syftet med denna studie var att utforska hur personer som strategiskt förskjuter upplever och hanterar stress i vardagslivet. Detta begrundas i att det saknas forskning om strategisk förskjutning och dess potentiella negativa effekter, vilket behövs eftersom strategisk förskjutning anses vara en gynnsam studiestrategi för studenter. Studiens två frågeställningar var (i) om det fanns det ett signifikant samband mellan strategisk förskjutning och upplevd stress, samt (ii) hur stor del av variansen i upplevd stress kunde förklaras av strategisk förskjutning? För att besvara frågeställningarna delades pappersenkäter ut till studenter på Karlstads universitet. Enkäten bestod av New Active Procrastination scale (mätte strategisk förskjutning), Perceived Stress Scale 10 (mätte upplevd stress), samt bakgrundsfrågor. Resultaten från dataanalysen visade att strategisk förskjutning korrelerade signifikant, medelstarkt och negativt med upplevd stress (r[99] = -0,314, p<0,001). Strategisk förskjutning förklarade 8,9 procent av variansen i upplevd stress. ANOVA-resultatet visade att den förklarade variansen var signifikant (F[1,97] = 10,612, p<0,002). Det fanns en del metodologiska problem med denna studie. Det allvarligaste problemet var översättningen av NAPS, vilket på många sätt inte var adekvat vilket skadade instrumentets liksom studiens reliabilitet och validitet. Studiens resultat bör därför tolkas med försiktighet. / Procrastination is a serious but prevalent type of behavioral delay, especially among college students, associated with negative outcomes like stress and poor grades. Recently however, researchers have proposed the existence of a type of behavioral delay that is beneficial, called strategic delay. The purpose of this study was to explore how people who strategically delay experience and deal with stress in their daily lives. This was rooted in the lack of research exploring the potentially negative effects of strategic behavior, which is needed since strategic delay is considered to be a beneficial study strategy. This study sought out to answer two questions: (i) was there a significant correlation between strategic delay and perceived stress, and (ii) how much of the variance in perceived stress could be explained by strategic delay. To answer the two questions a paper survey study was conducted. The survey consisted of New Procrastination Scale (measured perceived stress), Perceived Stress Scale 10 (measured perceived stress), and background questions. The results from the data analysis showed that strategic delay correlates significantly, moderately and negatively with perceived stress (r[99] = -0,314, p<0,001). Strategic delay explained 8.9 percent of the variance in perceived stress. An ANOVA showed that the explained variance was significant (F[1,97] = 10,612, p<0,002). There were quite a few methodological issues with study. The most serious one was the translation of NAPS, which was in many ways far from well executed. This hurt the scale’s as well as the study’s reliability and validity. The results from this study should therefore be interpreted carefully.

The influences on perfectionism and procrastination of race, gender, cognitive-affective and academic self-appraisals, and academic performance expectations were studied. The sample consisted of 155 Introductory Psychology students (57 African Americans, 41 Asian Americans, and 57 European Americans; 51.6% women) with a mean age of 19.4 years (SD = 3.6). Data were collected during the final week of the Fall 2007 semester. Consistent with previous research indicating that men are more likely to procrastinate than women, men were over-represented in this sample. Self-esteem, measured with the Rosenberg (1965) Self-Esteem Scale, was conceptualized as having two components: self-liking and self-competence (Tafarodi & Milne, 2002). Guilt- and shame-proneness were measured with the Test of Self-Conscious Affect, Version 3, Short-form (TOSCA-3S; Tangney & Dearing, 2002). Academic self-confidence was measured with the Personal Evaluation Inventory (Shrauger & Schohn, 1995). A number of single-item questions concerning aspects related to students' Grade Point Average (GPA) were included. The High Standards and Discrepancy scales of the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R; Slaney, Rice, Mobley, Trippi, & Ashby, 2001) represented the criterions of adaptive (AP) and maladaptive perfectionism (MP), respectively. The Aitken (1982) Procrastination Inventory was used as the criterion for procrastination. Components of self-esteem differentially predicted perfectionism. African Americans were significantly lower in shame-proneness. While there were non-perfectionists and AP's/MP's in each race and gender, African Americans were significantly higher in AP and Asian Americans were significantly higher in MP. Additionally, Asian American men were more likely to procrastinate. These results counter the "model minority" stereotype of Asian Americans, showing that they are at higher risk for personal and academic distress than their Black and White classmates. While women had higher GPA's and were more likely to be AP's, men had higher levels of academic self-confidence and expected to achieve higher GPA's. Regardless of race or gender, students with GPA's of 3.5 or higher (on a 4.0 scale) were more likely to be both types of perfectionists. Academic self-confidence was a significant positive predictor of AP and a negative predictor for MP and procrastination. This suggests that helping students improve their academic self-confidence could have many benefits.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-07-05T12:17:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TAIS GUEDES DE MELO E ALVIM.pdf: 785191 bytes, checksum: 502ae5b90b8e7f3d1752be0cb2109994 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-05T12:17:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TAIS GUEDES DE MELO E ALVIM.pdf: 785191 bytes, checksum: 502ae5b90b8e7f3d1752be0cb2109994 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-30 / Procrastination is the postponement of tasks, activities or decision-making and reaches a large portion of students and workers. Looking at this context, this dissertation had as main objective to investigate academic procrastination, as well as to analyze how the support of the environment and self-leadership can contribute to this understanding. Three studies were carried out - two theorists and one empirical one -, having as theoretical model the social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1991). In the first article, an analysis was made of the main theoretical references of academic procrastination, observing the antecedent and consequent variables. After analysis of the findings, it was observed that procrastination has been studied in several perspectives, but a scientific gap in the national and international productions that related the variables related to environmental support and procrastination, evidencing a wide field of investigation, was noticed. The second article verified, through a systematic review of the literature, how the self-leadership construct was studied by the scientific community in the period between 2006 and 2016. The results showed that although the studies focused on a common theme, construct is distinct in selected studies. In this way, it was emphasized the importance of developing more research focused on this theme, using specific instruments, validated in different countries. Finally, the third article aimed to broaden the understanding of the relationship between environmental support and academic procrastination with the influence of selfdirected strategies focused on behavior. According to the results, this influence can be direct and indirect, when it is shaped by self-leadership. The research findings suggest that the relationship between environmental support and academic procrastination is best explained through behavioral self-leadership strategies. It is evident that the use of mediation analysis was presented as a very important resource, since only then was it possible to verify with more clarity how self-directed strategies focused on behavior, as mediator variable, influence the direction or intensity of the relationship between environmental support and academic procrastination. / Procrastinação consiste no adiamento de tarefas, atividades ou tomadas de decisões e atinge uma grande parcela de estudantes e trabalhadores. Observando esse contexto, esta dissertação teve como objetivo principal investigar a procrastinação acadêmica, assim como analisar de que forma o suporte do ambiente e autoliderança podem contribuir para essa compreensão. Foram realizados três estudos – dois teóricos e um empírico –, tendo como modelo teórico a teoria social cognitiva (Bandura, 1991). No primeiro artigo, foi realizada uma análise dos principais referenciais teóricos da procrastinação acadêmica, observando as variáveis antecedentes e consequentes. Após análise dos achados, observou-se que procrastinação tem sido estudada em diversas perspectivas, entretanto percebeu-se uma lacuna científica nas produções nacionais e internacionais que relacionem as variáveis relativas ao suporte do ambiente e procrastinação, evidenciando um amplo campo de investigação. O segundo artigo verificou, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, como o construto autoliderança foi estudado pela comunidade científica no período entre 2006 a 2016. Os resultados demonstraram que, apesar dos estudos terem foco em um tema comum, a forma de avaliação do construto é distinta nos estudos selecionados. Desta forma, ressaltou-se a importância do desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas com foco nesta temática, utilizando instrumentos específicos, validados em diferentes países. E, por fim, o terceiro artigo, objetivou ampliar a compreensão da relação entre suporte do ambiente e procrastinação acadêmica com a influência das estratégias de autoliderança focadas no comportamento. De acordo com os resultados, essa influência pode ser direta e indireta, quando é moldada pela autoliderança. Os achados da pesquisa sugerem que a relação entre suporte do ambiente e procrastinação acadêmica é melhor explicada através das estratégias de autoliderança focadas no comportamento. Evidencia-se que a utilização da análise de mediação se apresentou como um recurso de suma importância, visto que somente assim foi possível verificar com mais clareza de que forma as estratégias de autoliderança focadas no comportamento, na condição de variável mediadora, influenciam na direção ou intensidade da relação entre suporte do ambiente e procrastinação acadêmica.

The equivocal and debated findings from a 2007 meta-analysis, which viewed perfectionism as a unidimensional construct, suggested that perfectionism was unrelated to procrastination. The present meta-analysis aimed to provide a conceptual update and reanalysis of the procrastination–perfectionism association guided by both a multidimensional view of perfectionism and self-regulation theory. The random-effects meta-analyses revealed a small to medium positive average effect size (r = .23; k = 43, N = 10 000; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) [0.19, 0.27]) for trait procrastination and perfectionistic concerns and a small to medium negative average effect size (r = −.22; k = 38, N = 9544; 95% CI [−0.26, −0.18]) for procrastination and perfectionistic strivings. The average correlations remained significant after statistically accounting for the joint variance between the two perfectionism dimensions via semi-partial correlations. For perfectionistic concerns, but not perfectionistic strivings, the effects depended on the perfectionism measure used. All effects did not vary by the trait procrastination measure used or the respondent's sex. Our findings confirm that from a multidimensional perspective, trait procrastination is both positively and negatively associated with higher-order perfectionism dimensions and further highlights the value of a self-regulation perspective for understanding the cognitive, affective and behavioural dynamics that characterise these traits.

The adaptive-maladaptive debate in perfectionism research often centers on the issue of whether perfectionism affords the individual an advantage in academic performance. This study is an extension of a previous study by the authors that found maladaptive forms of perfectionism were positively associated with academic procrastination. Conversely, adaptive forms of perfectionism were negatively associated with academic procrastination. Additionally, although trait anxiety was positively associated with academic procrastination in general, this relationship was reversed for those scoring high in adaptive perfectionism but not maladaptive perfectionism. The purpose of the current study is to examine whether the relationships between perfectionism and procrastination is indirect with intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (respective to adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism) serving as mediators of this relationship. Additionally we will examine whether the relationship between anxiety and procrastination is moderated by intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Le report de l'intention d'achat pendant un processus d'achat est un problème crucial pour l'entreprise. Ce thème est à l'origine d'un courant de recherche dynamique en marketing. De nombreuses causes situationnelles et contextuelles ont ainsi émergé pour expliquer le report d'achat. Cependant l'effet de facteurs psychologiques et individuels sur la décision de reporter n'a pas été développé à ce jour. Par ailleurs, les psychologues proposent de considérer la procrastination (tendance à remettre une intention au lendemain) comme un trait de personnalité. Le cadre conceptuel de cette recherche intègre donc les facteurs contextuels et individuels pour analyser le report de l'intention d'achat en proposant que la tendance à éviter ou interrompre un processus d'achat soit captée par la procrastination du consommateur. Cette recherche vise donc à déterminer les conditions d'expression de la procrastination du consommateur pendant le processus d'achat, et son impact sur le processus de décision. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une échelle de procrastination du consommateur est élaborée (EPC). La procrastination du consommateur est proposée comme un concept associant les dimensions évitement et indécision qui rendent compte de manifestations complémentaires du phénomène. Les validité faciale, convergente et nomologique de l'échelle sont respectées. Selon la position temporelle du consommateur dans le processus de décision, l'une ou l'autre des facettes peut être active. Courte, cette échelle est facilement utilisable dans d'autres recherches aussi bien théoriques qu'appliquées. Elle permet de prédire si un consommateur est susceptible ou non de décider un achat. La procrastination du consommateur est une facette du processus de décision.

¡§Time¡¨ is fleeting. People tend to ponder the needs in the present and develop procrastination for the future. Because of these tendencies, researchers in marketing examine topics such as impulsive buying and purchase in advance. For companies, understanding how consumers perceive time differently is beneficial to their promotion strategy development. Previous research has investigated the impacts of temporal distance and time window. Based on these time perspectives, this research incorporates two moderators in influencing consumer behavior: mental simulation and product type. The study uses experimental design to explore the advertising effects and gift coupon redemption. With the manipulation of different time perspectives, two experiments are conducted. Experiment 1 is a 2 (temporal distance: near future vs. distant future) ¡Ñ 2 (mental simulation: process simulation vs. outcome simulation) ¡Ñ 2 (product type: search goods vs. experience goods) factorial design. Experiment 2 is a 2 (time window: short vs. long) ¡Ñ 2 (mental simulation: process simulation vs. outcome simulation) ¡Ñ 2 (product type: search goods vs. experience goods) factorial design. With the eight conditions, the participants¡¦ intention and behavior are assessed. Results indicate that when promoting a search good, outcome simulation presented in the ad is more effective to participants who see the near future than those who see the distant future. However, in the coupon redemption behavior, when redeeming an experience good, there will be interaction effect between time window and mental simulation. When redeeming an experience good under the long time window condition, outcome simulation gets higher redemption rate than process simulation. While under the short time window condition, process simulation enhances higher redemption rate than outcome simulation. The findings provide marketing insights regarding how to frame time and mental simulation differently in the promotions while product type is considered.