The objective of this study was to investigate IT projects within the Swedish public sector. Furthermore we have looked at the project closure in IT projects. The problem that occurs in this topic is that the projects can run overtime or over budget. In this research we used interviews to conduct the data collection. We have collected data from two public sector organizations – Jönköpings kommun and Domstolsverket, both of these orginzations have a dedicated IT department. Through the methods, theoretical framework and analysis we found many different activities and theories on how to handle project closure in IT. The main subjects that keep coming up when addressing the problems of project closure are communication and planning. The responsibilities of the project manager are investigated and the focus is on closing an IT project. A descriptive diagram has been created to show what is important during and before project closure

In this essay we have investigated how team building can make a project group more effective towards reaching the goals of the project. With this question at issue we have interviewed a couple of project managers in the event industry that we believed was well suited for this research. The purpose of this essay has been to view if team building is used in practice and if so is used with the purpose to make the project groups work more efficient. To reach our purpose we chose to use a qualitative method with a cross-sectional design and semi-structured interviews.In the theoretical reference frame there is one chapter about the project manager's influence on the project group, definition of team building, definition of the project group and how a team is created, the groups different stages and pros and risks with having a friendly work relationship. Among other things we used the FIRO-model that presents which different phases a group goes through.The study came to the conclusion that team building can make a project more efficient by having a project manager that is enthusiastic. Team building can also enhance the chemistry within the project group and help the group to get to know each other in a simple way. For example having lunch together or that the company organizes kick-offs before the project goes into intense periods. The study also came to the conclusion that it is good for the group to get to know one another as long as they stay professional in their work role. It is important that the project group is not afraid to speak their minds to help the project grow.This paper is written in Swedish. / Denna uppsats undersöker hur teambuilding kan effektivisera en projektgrupp mot att nå de uppsatta målen i projektet. Med denna frågeställning som grund har vi intervjuat ett flertal projektledare i eventbranschen som vi ansett passat in i vår studie. Syftet med studien har varit att se om teambuilding används i praktiken och om det i så fall används med syfte att effektivisera projektgruppens arbete. För att nå vårt syfte valde vi att använda oss av en kvalitativ metod med tvärsnittsdesign och semistrukturerade intervjuer.I den teoretiska referensramen har vi med avsnitt om projektledarens påverkan på projektgruppen, definition av teambuilding och projektgruppen, hur ett team skapas, gruppens olika faser samt fördelar och risker med att ha en vänskaplig arbetsrelation. Vi använde bland annat FIRO-modellen som visar på vilka faser en grupp genomgår.Studien resulterade i att vi funnit att teambuilding kan effektivisera projekt genom att ha en projektledare som är entusiasmerande. Teambuilding kan också hjälpa till att skapa personkemi inom gruppen och hjälpa gruppen att lära känna varandra genom ett så enkelt sätt som att äta lunch tillsammans eller att företaget anordnar kick-offer innan intensiva perioder i projektet. Det som studien kommit fram till är att det är till projektets fördel att gruppen lär känna varandra så länge de håller sig professionella och fortfarande inte är rädda för att ge varandra konstruktiv kritik som får projektet att växa.

Intresset för projekt som organiseringsform har kraftigt ökat de senaste decennierna. Trots dess popularitet misslyckas fortfarande många projekt. Tidigare forskning har lagt stort fokus på verktyg och projekt som tydligt avgränsade enheter. Bredare empirisk bas och fler teoretiska perspektiv är nödvändigt för att öka förståelsen kring projekt som fenomen. Studiens syfte är att utifrån ett projektledarperspektiv förstå förutsättningarna organisationer ger projekt, projektledare och team. Vidare ämnar studien förstå hur dysfunktioner inom team manifesteras och hur de hanteras.  Studien är genomförd genom en kvalitativ ansats. Empiri har samlats in genom sex stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer från fem olika organisationer och branscher. Alla respondenter är projektledare med minst fem års erfarenhet av att leda ITprojekt. En genomgång av tidigare forskning och artikeldatabaser ligger till grund för den teoretiska referensramen och analysen. Teorier och begrepp som används i teoriavsnittet är Tillfällig och permanent organisering, Projektlivscykeln, Projekttriangeln och Team. Studien visar att tydlighet i olika former som kravspecifikation, förankring, målsättningar, kommunikation och kontrakt är en förutsättning som organisationen ger projekt, projektledare och team. Utöver tydlighet är en annan förutsättning från organisationen att allokera resurser, vilket leder till problem och dysfunktioner som splittrade grupper, ökad komplexitet, urholkning av resurser, brist på kvalitet och tillit inom team som projektledare får hantera. Genom att skydda team från utomstående intressenter, skapa bra sammanhållning och forum för kommunikation, försöker projektledare ge goda förutsättningar för team att genomföra projekt. / The popularity for project as a way of organizing has dramatically increased the last decades. Despite it’s popularity a lot of projects still fail. Earlier research has focused on tools and projects as an isolated entity. More empirical data and theoretical views are necessary to increase the understanding about project as a phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to examine from the project managers point of view, what conditions project, project managers and teams get from the organization. Furthermore, the study aims to understand how dysfunctions in team manifest and how they are handled. The study is based on a qualitative approach. Data has been gathered using sex semi-structured interviews in five different organizations and industries. All respondents are project managers with at least five years of experience managing IT-projects. A review of earlier research and databases with articles was the foundation on what the theory and analysis is based upon. Theories and concepts that’s been used are: Temporary and permanent organization, Project lifecycle, the project triangle and Team The study shows that clarification in different forms, like project specification, goals, anchoring, communication and contracts, is a condition that the organization gives project, project managers and teams. Another condition from the organization is the allocation of resources, which creates problems and dysfunctions like fragmented groups, increased complexity, erosion of resources, lack of quality and trust within teams, and then becomes the project manager responsibility to manage. By protecting team from external stakeholders, create good cohesion and forums of communication, project managers tries to give good conditions to the team to finish the project.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar as competências individuais dos gerentes de projetos. A abordagem metodológica utilizada combinou revisão sistemática de literatura, análise de oportunidades de emprego e estudos de casos. Ao final foi feita uma análise da perspectiva da literatura, dos profissionais das organizações e das demandas das empresas. A primeira etapa da pesquisa consistiu em uma revisão sistemática de literatura, adotando métodos de bibliometria e de análise de conteúdo. A base de dados da ISI Web of Knowledge (Web of Science) foi selecionada para compor a amostra. A segunda etapa foi composta pela análise das competências dos gerentes de projetos no processo de seleção, para tanto foram selecionados cinco websites brasileiros de recrutamento e seleção de colaboradores. Por último, para os estudos de casos, duas empresas foram selecionadas para identificar seu método de seleção e desenvolvimento de competências dos seus colaboradores. Por meio dos resultados da revisão de literatura foi possível identificar quatro categorias de competências: contextuais, gerenciais, técnicas e comportamentais. Além disso, a revisão sistemática de literatura permitiu identificar os principais autores do tema e os principais periódicos. Pela análise das vagas de emprego conseguiu-se identificar os pontos em comum existentes nas descrições das vagas de emprego e, em conjunto com a revisão de literatura, foi possível apontar o perfil de gerente de projetos esperado pelas organizações brasileiras: profissional formado, com experiência em projetos, com know-how técnico do tipo de projeto, com conhecimento da língua inglesa, líder, com habilidade de se comunicar, desenvolver novos negócios, planejar o projeto e se relacionar com o cliente. Os estudos de caso permitiram identificar que as organizações desenvolvem seu próprio modelo de competências ou realizam o desenvolvimento de maneira ad-hoc. Pela análise dos dados, foi possível concluir que existem competências, como ética e conhecimentos jurídicos, que são apontadas na teoria, mas na prática não são exigidas explicitamente. / This study aimed to investigate the individual competences of project managers. The methodological approach combined the systematic literature review, analysis of employment opportunities and case studies. At the end an analysis was made from the perspective of literature, professional organizations and the demands of enterprises. The first stage of the research consisted of a systematic review of literature, adopting methods of bibliometrics and content analysis. The ISI database Web of Knowledge (Web of Science) was selected for the sample. The second step was made by analyzing the skills of project managers in the selection process, therefore five Brazilian websites of recruitment and selection of employees were selected. Finally, for the case studies, 2 companies were selected to identify their methods of selection and development of competencies of their employees. Through literature review of results it was possible to propose a new competency model compound of 4 units: contextual, managerial, technical and behavioral competences. In addition, through systematic literature review was possible to identify the main authors and leading journals. By the job advertisements analysis was possible to identify the common points in job descriptions and, together with the literature review, it was possible to point out the project manager profile expected by the Brazilian organizations: bachelors degree, experienced in projects, industry specific know how, with knowledge of English, leader with ability to communicate, develop new business, plan the project and relate to the customer. Case studies have identified that organizations develop their own competency model or realize the development of their professionals in an ad-hoc way. By the data analysis, it was concluded that there are competencies such as ethics and legal expertise, which are identified in theory, but in practice are not clearly required.

The diploma thesis deals with the proposal of agile project management methodology for the company engaged in the development of custom-made applications. This thesis will be based on an analysis of the current state, which describes the current state of approach to project management. The subject of the thesis is to improve processes and streamline project management using agile methods.

Diploma thesis is focused on the PRINCE2 methodology, which has been developed based on the needs of the British government for project management and after that it is applied to the needs of a private Czech company. There are described the basic features of the methodology, which are major benefits for the project management. On practical preparation is demonstrated the possibility of adapting the methodology on a practical elaboration to the specifics of a certain project and there are attached the drawn up project documents.

No description available.

A critical factor in project success or failure, is the impact on project outcomes, caused by the relationship between the project manager and project sponsor. Theory researched provides the foundations between the relationship between project manager and sponsor for an analysis on project best practices. The objective of which is to apply these theories to help create a set of guidelines or recommendations to be implemented to help measure and then manage the relationship through project processes or guidelines. The analysis covers the established views on the roles of both manager and sponsor within a project as well as the relational issues that are a part of it. The impact of these issues on project outcomes are the foundation of this dissertation. A portion of the analysis will be using lessons learned from previous projects and part of this research is to nd best practices for identication and application of these lessons. Empirical data is in the form of a series of interviews with both the main company and a benchmarking process using three other companies. This will help identify the actual perceptions and complexities of the roles and the relationship between managers and sponsors. In order to better understand the di-culties and challenges that exist in the rela- tionship both parties can work to avoid or overcome them as they arise. The diffi-culties will be both hard in terms of technical knowledge as well as soft relaating to people skills. Knowing how the relationship functions best would be an important asset for each party and will greatly increase the chances of project success.

Syftet med denna studie är undersöka projektledarens upplevelse kring krishantering genom att undersöka den aktuella situationen med Covid-19 samt vilka nya utmaningar dem stöter på grund av pandemin. För att ta reda på detta utfördes en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studiens urvalsprocess var målinriktat till projektledare från byggbranschen. Datamaterialet från intervjuerna analyserades genom en tematisk analys och resulterade i fem teman. Resultatet i studien visar på ett krishanteringsplan är ett viktigt verktyg när en kris väl inträffar samt att projektledare med större erfarenhet har lättare att hantera sina arbetsuppgifter under en kris jämfört med nya projektledare. Resultatet visar också att projektledarna har stött på flera utmaningar under en kris såsom kommunikation och social närvaro. En kommunikationsplan bör finnas ifall en kris inträffar för att underlätta för projektledare delegering av arbetsuppgifter samt effektivisering. Distansarbetet på grund av Covid-19 ledde till också att den personliga kontakten mellan projektledaren och medarbetaren minskade vilket skapade en utmaning till projektledare att hålla koll på sina medarbetares mående. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the project manager's experience of crisis management by examining the current situation with Covid-19 and what new challenges they face due to the pandemic. To find out, a qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews. The study's selection process was targeted at project managers from the construction industry. The data material from the interviews was analyzed through a thematic analysis and resulted in five themes. The results of the study show that a crisis management plan is an important tool when a crisis occurs and that project managers with greater experience have an easier time managing their work tasks during a crisis compared with new project managers. The results also show that project managers have encountered several challenges during a crisis such as communication and social presence. A communication plan should be in place in the event of a crisis to make it easier for project managers to delegate tasks and streamline operations. The telework due to Covid-19 also led to a reduction in the personal contact between the project manager and the employee, which created a challenge for project managers to keep track of their employees' well-being.

The construction sector is one of the most important industries for the economy in Sweden. Between 2010 to November of 2020, there has been an increase in employment in the construction industry by 35.4 percent. In 2019 the Swedish construction sector was valued at EUR 53.3 billion, where the construction sub-sector makes up 47.6 percent (European Construction Sector Observatory - Country profile Sweden, 2020).  The construction industry is a fundamental part of society, whereas labor productivity, which represents the quantity of work performed per hour (Park 2006), is a vital element in the process of construction. Gunduz et al. (2020) state that labor consumes a significant amount of cost in construction projects, thus labor productivity is a determinator of cost optimization i.e., the process of making something as good or effective as possible (Cambridge Online Dictionary, n.d.). The benefit of productivity is seen as reduced construction time and cost (Fox, Marsh & Cockerham, 2010). Moreover, a lack of effective management activity towards construction resources can potentially decrease labor productivity. Thus, the familiarity of project managers with labor productivity factors is of major importance (Shehata & El-Gohary, 2011) and contributes to project success (Gunduz & Abu-Hijleh, 2020).