Prolactin (PRL) may be a key mammalian growth and developmental hormone. Hepatic receptors bind PRL implicating the liver as a PRL target. Recent evidence suggests that PRL triggers hepatic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) induction, a marker of a trophic response. This suggests that in the liver PRL may contribute to neoplasia. To test this theory, PRL modulation of plasminogen activator (PA), DNA synthesis, cytochrome P450 (P450), liver hypertrophy and enzyme altered foci (EAF) was assessed. Cyclosporine, a PRL receptor antagonist, attenuated PRL-stimulated PA induction. PRL-stimulation of PA and ODC activity reflected age dependence. PRL administration to young rats stimulated hepatic microsomal P450 content 39% above control, an effect camparable to phenobarbital. Incubation of microsomes from PRL-treated rats with warfarin produced a metabolic pattern unique to PRL. PRL stimulated hepatic DNA synthesis up to 400%. This effect was shown to be specific for hepatic parenchymal cells. PRL for 6 weeks produced hepatic hypertrophy, an effect augmented by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Additionally, incresed hepatic GGTase activity and EAF were demonstrated in rats treated with chronic PRL after DEN. Extrahepatic neoplasia was increased by partial hepatectomy PH and chronic PRL. PRL receptor coupling was investigated in PRL-dependent Nb₂ node lymphoma cells. ODC induction and proliferation were found to be coupled to protein kinase C (PKC) and calmodulin (CM) in experiments using pharmacological agents. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover and ionic flux alterations were also implicated. These results suggest PRL receptor coupling to PI turnover and PKC activation in Nb₂ cells. PRL may be a key liver growth hormone. PRL induces PA, ODC and P450. Furthermore, its ability to promote EAF strongly implicates PRL in the ontogeny of hepatocarcinogenesis.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 163 p.: ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Charles L. Brooks, Dept. of Veterinary Biosciences. Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-163).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 133 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-133). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-149).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1984. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographies.

Thesis (doctor of medicine)--Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1979. / Text in English with summaries in English and Dutch.

No description available.

Sham, Wai Yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-205). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Declaration of Originality --- p.i / Thesis / Assessment Committee --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / 摘要 --- p.vi / Acknowledgements --- p.viii / Table of Contents --- p.x / List of Figures --- p.xiv / List of Tables --- p.xvii / List of Abbreviations --- p.xix / Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Habitats and diversity of fish --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Stress accompanied with osmotic changes --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Physiological consequences associated with osmoregulation --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Energy cost (energy metabolism) --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Food intake --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Reproduction and development --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Growth --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Immunity --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Osmoregulatory systems in teleosts --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Ion transport --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Mechanism in freshwater --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Mechanism in seawater --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Water channel --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Accumulation of compatible osmolytes --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5 --- Kinetics on ion transporters --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Na+K+ATPase --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Other ion transporters --- p.14 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Other factors related to controlling ion transport --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6 --- Pleiotropic hormones involved in osmoregulation --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Growth hormone/ insulin-like factor-1 axis in seawater adaptation --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Prolactin in freshwater adaptation --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- "Dual osmoregulatory role of cortisol, the major corticosteroid in fish" --- p.20 / Chapter 1.7 --- "Growth hormone receptor (GHR), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and signaling pathways" --- p.22 / Chapter 1.8 --- Involvement of sex hormones on osmoregulation --- p.25 / Chapter 1.8.1 --- Estrogens --- p.25 / Chapter 1.8.2 --- Testosterone --- p.26 / Chapter 1.9 --- Biological actions of GH through GHR and PRL through PRLR --- p.27 / Chapter 1.9.1 --- Regulation of GHR --- p.27 / Chapter 1.9.2 --- Regulation of PRLR --- p.28 / Chapter 1.9.3 --- Promoter characterization --- p.30 / Chapter 1.10 --- Adaptation to tonicity-ORE/OREBP pathway --- p.32 / Chapter 1.11 --- Animal model --- p.35 / Chapter 1.12 --- Rationale and objectives of the project --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter II --- Materials and methods --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1 --- Animals --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2 --- In vivo experiments --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3 --- In vitro experiments --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4 --- RNA preparation --- p.39 / Chapter 2.5 --- RNA integrity - formaldehyde agarose gel electrophoresis of mRNA --- p.40 / Chapter 2.6 --- Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) --- p.40 / Chapter 2.7 --- Polymerase chain reaction PCR --- p.41 / Chapter 2.8 --- Quantitative Real-time PCR --- p.41 / Chapter 2.9 --- Cell culture --- p.43 / Chapter 2.10 --- Bioinformatics search --- p.43 / Chapter 2.11 --- Plasmid constructions --- p.43 / Chapter 2.12 --- Transient transfection --- p.47 / Chapter 2.13 --- Luciferase assay --- p.47 / Chapter 2.14 --- Site-directed mutagenesis of sbPRLRl and sbPRLR2 gene promoters --- p.48 / Chapter 2.14.1 --- One-round PCR amplification --- p.48 / Chapter 2.14.2 --- Sequential PCR amplification --- p.48 / Chapter 2.15 --- Nuclear extract preparation for electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) --- p.52 / Chapter 2.16 --- Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) --- p.53 / Chapter 2.16.1 --- Preparation of annealed complementary oligonucleotides --- p.53 / Chapter 2.16.2 --- Preparation of radiolabeled oligonucleotides --- p.54 / Chapter 2.16.3 --- Preparation of non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel --- p.54 / Chapter 2.16.4 --- Electrophoretic mobility shift assay --- p.54 / Chapter 2.17 --- Data analysis --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter III --- Result: In vivo gene expression studies --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1 --- Aim of the chapter --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Validation of real-time PCR --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- "Transcript levels of sbPRLRl, sbPRLR2, sbNKA α- and sbNKA β-subunit after transfer of fish from seawater to hypersaline water" --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Gill --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Kidney --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- sbPRLR gene expression after seawater-to-hypersaline water transfer --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- sbNKA α- and sbNKA β-subunit expression after seawater-to-hypersaline water transfer --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Overall summary --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter IV --- Result: In vitro gene expression studies --- p.77 / Chapter 4.1 --- Aim of the chapter --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2 --- Results --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Gill organ culture --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Kidney explants --- p.81 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter V --- Result: Studies on the gene promoter of sbPRLRs under osmotic change --- p.88 / Chapter 5.1 --- Aim of the chapter / Chapter 5.2 --- Results --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- The 5´ة-UTR region of the two sbPRLR genes contain several osmotic response elements --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Promoter activities of the 5´ة-flanking regions of the two sbPRLR genes under osmotic stress --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Identification of a DNA region required for the responses to NaCl --- p.97 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Interaction of the osmotic response region and transcription factors --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.4.1 --- Identification of DNA-binding activity in nuclear extract --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.4.2 --- OSTF1 transactivates the sbPRLR gene promoters --- p.107 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.109 / Chapter Chapter VI --- Result: Studies on the gene promoters of sbPRLR under hormonal challenge --- p.125 / Chapter 6.1 --- Aim of the chapter --- p.125 / Chapter 6.2 --- Results --- p.125 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- The 5´ة-UTR region of the two sbPRLR genes contains several hormone response elements --- p.125 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Identification of a DNA region required for the responses to steroid hormones --- p.126 / Chapter 6.2.2.1 --- E2-dependent regulation of sbPRLR 1 and sbPRLR2 genes use imperfect EREs --- p.126 / Chapter 6.2.2.2 --- An ARE motif in sbPRLR2 gene promoter --- p.132 / Chapter 6.2.2.3 --- An imperfect and a novel GRE present on the sbPRLRl and sbPRLR2 gene promoters respectively --- p.138 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Interaction of the hormone response region and transcription factors --- p.144 / Chapter 6.2.3.1 --- The ER interacts with the putative ERE motifs in vitro --- p.144 / Chapter 6.2.3.2 --- The AR interacts with the putative ARE motif in vitro --- p.145 / Chapter 6.2.3.3 --- The GR interacts with the putative GRE motifs in vitro --- p.145 / Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion --- p.152 / Chapter 6.3.1. --- Sex steroids --- p.152 / Chapter 6.3.1.1 --- Estrogens --- p.152 / Chapter 6.3.1.2 --- Androgens --- p.157 / Chapter 6.3.2. --- Interrenal hormone ´ؤ cortisol --- p.163 / Chapter Chapter VII --- General conclusion and perspectives --- p.170 / References --- p.173

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-162) / Microfiche. / xv, 162 leaves, bound ill. (some col.) 29 cm