xii, 251 p. / Sedimentations of transformations and experiences empowered the 20th century writers Sata Ineko and Hirabayashi Taiko as writers. Because of their mutual belief in the early principles of the proletarian literary movement--writing the reality of the working class from their perspectives--both produced works centered on daily life. In not only delineating but also examining the daily occurrences, their stories and critiques acutely exposed the issues, the conditions, and the exploitation of the working class under capitalism, particularly the unfair and unreasonable treatment of women and women workers under the patriarchal slogan "Good Wives and Wise Mothers" and the discrimination of women workers and writers even within the proletarian movement. The café proved the best site for both to offer keen analyses. Materializing the actual working experiences of jokyû (café waitresses), they exposed the superficiality of Japanese modernity in the 1920s and 30s, the suppression and oppression of women under patriarchy, commodification and exploitation of working women under capitalism, and the ultimate consequences--social myopia and deterioration of human life. While the café was for jokyû a site of exploration and challenge by overturning the dominant power hierarchy practiced in society, for Sata and Hirabayashi, writing about the café challenged the prejudice and confinement of existing categorizations such as "women," "women workers," " jokyû ," "women writers," and "proletarian writers." Both Sata and Hirabayashi treated the café and jokyû as realistic and multifaceted. To strengthen this realism, both writers relied on their own corporeal experiences and sensations, supporting honest illustrations of power dynamics and the dual-system oppression of women at play within and beyond the café environment. Both acknowledged the body as a site of complication and possibility. Through their acknowledgments beyond the surface inscriptions that restrict and limit who and what lies within, both Sata and Hirabayashi contended that the body was an interactive and potentially productive catalyst for change. For them, the corporeal experience proved more effective for gaining consciousness, obtaining class-consciousness, and eventually achieving ideological resolution than through doctrinal readings and teachings. / Committee in charge: Stephen Kohl, Chairperson; Alisa Freedman, Member; Tze-Lan Sang, Member; Jeffrey Hanes, Outside Member

Submitted by Geferson Santana (santanageferson@gmail.com) on 2018-01-12T15:15:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Geferson Santana - O combate das ideias (VF3).pdf: 3212861 bytes, checksum: 6f30774657caf856239390e0c89cb5a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diogo Misoguti (diogo.misoguti@gmail.com) on 2018-01-12T15:40:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-12T15:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Geferson Santana - O combate das ideias (VF3).pdf: 3212861 bytes, checksum: 6f30774657caf856239390e0c89cb5a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-11 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta pesquisa visou investigar a atuação dos intelectuais comunistas no estado da Bahia em finais da década de 1920 a início de 1937. Enveredar por este recorte de pesquisa nos permitiu entender o envolvimento dos sujeitos da investigação com agremiações e correntes literárias como a Academia dos Rebeldes (AR) e o movimento regionalista nordestino. Para tanto, analisamos os romances do escritor Jorge Amado, que tomaram o realismo dos regionalistas como referente para a criação de suas obras, como também o realismo socialista enquanto modelo estético - imposto pela União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS) aos Partidos Comunistas (PCs) e consequentemente a seus escritores e artistas. Na última parte da pesquisa debruçamo-nos sobre a atuação dos comunistas no debate sobre os problemas de classe, raça e as questões étnico-religiosas no Brasil. Para tanto, analisamos o processo de organização do II Congresso Afro-Brasileiro realizado em Salvador em 1937 e seus resultados. Demonstramos que a inserção dos temas em questão estavam em diálogo com as diretrizes do Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCB), que se esforçava por inserir o negro na classe proletária brasileira. Nesse sentido, entendemos que as discussões alimentadas por Jorge Amado, Edison Carneiro e Aydano do Couto Ferraz em jornais, revistas e livros ou mesmo nos anais dos congressos afro-brasileiros estavam a serviço de um aprofundamento das ideias promovidas pelo partido sobre o “negro proletário”. Palavras-ch / This research aimed at investigating the actions of communist intellectuals in the state of Bahia in the late 1920s to the early 1937. By making this research on this temporality it allowed us to understand the involvement of the subjects of our research with literary associations such as the Rebel Academy (AR) and the Northeastern regional movement. In order to do so, we analyze the writings of the writer Jorge Amado, which took the realism of the regionalists as a reference for the creation of his works, as well as socialist realism as an aesthetic model – imposed by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and consequently to their writers and artists. In the last part of the research, we focus on the communists' role into the debate about the problems of class, race and ethno-religious issues in Brazil. Therefore, we analyze the process of the organization of the II Afro-Brazilian Congress held in Salvador in 1937 and its results. We have shown that the issues in question were in dialogue with the guidelines of the Communist Party of Brazil (PCB), which endeavored to insert the Negro into the Brazilian proletarian class. In this way, we understand that the discussions proposed by Jorge Amado, Edison Carneiro and Aydano do Couto Ferraz in newspapers, magazines and books or even in the annals of the Afro-Brazilian congresses were at the service of a deepening movement of the ideas promoted by the party on the "black proletarians". / FAPESP: 2014/12349-0

O objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar uma leitura crítica pelo viés materialista dialético do romance Jubiabá (1935), de Jorge Amado, obra abarcada no projeto de romance proletário empreendido pelo autor na década de 1930. Este trabalho propõe-se a analisar elementos que contribuam para a compreensão da estrutura interna dessa obra, bem como para a compreensão de sua posição no conjunto das ambições literárias e políticas de Amado no período. Interessa-me investigar as relações entre a forma literária de Jubiabá e os processos sociais referidos na obra, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos ideais da esquerda em relação às alterações históricas da organização do trabalho no Brasil, procurando observar por quais caminhos esse dado material é mimetizado na estrutura interna do romance. Acerca dessa estrutura interna, enredo, configuração do protagonista e perfil do narrador serão os elementos privilegiados pela análise, tanto individualmente quanto nas relações entre si. O ponto de chegada deste trabalho encontra-se na interpretação voltada para a dinâmica que se estabelece entre a obra e a tradição formativa social brasileira em suas especificidades enquanto nação periférica ao processo capitalista mundial, em suas aproximações simbólicas e materiais, literárias e extraliterárias, em relação ao centro do mundo civilizado ocidental. / This work aims to perform a critical reading of Jorge Amado’s novel Jubiabá (1935), a work which is part of the project of the proletarian novel undertaken, by the author in the 1930s. We seek an analytical description of the elements that may contribute to the understanding of the internal structure of the work, as well as its position in Amado's literary and political ambitions in them. Thus, we are interested in investigating the relationship between the literary form of Jubiabá and the social processes which the work refers to, especially with regard to the left-wing ideas in relation to the historical changes in the organization of labor in Brazil, seeking to understand how the aesthetic aspect of the novel clarifies the author’s position. With the aesthetic aspect in mind, we paid particular attention to the construction of the plot, the composition of the leading character, and the narrator’s profile in relation to the whole of the work's structure, as well as in relation to one another. This paper concludes with an interpretation of the dynamics established between the work and the Brazilian social formative tradition in its specificities as a nation on the periphery of world capitalism, in its symbolic, material, literary, and extra-literary proximities to the center of the civilized Western world.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar uma leitura crítica pelo viés materialista dialético do romance Jubiabá (1935), de Jorge Amado, obra abarcada no projeto de romance proletário empreendido pelo autor na década de 1930. Este trabalho propõe-se a analisar elementos que contribuam para a compreensão da estrutura interna dessa obra, bem como para a compreensão de sua posição no conjunto das ambições literárias e políticas de Amado no período. Interessa-me investigar as relações entre a forma literária de Jubiabá e os processos sociais referidos na obra, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos ideais da esquerda em relação às alterações históricas da organização do trabalho no Brasil, procurando observar por quais caminhos esse dado material é mimetizado na estrutura interna do romance. Acerca dessa estrutura interna, enredo, configuração do protagonista e perfil do narrador serão os elementos privilegiados pela análise, tanto individualmente quanto nas relações entre si. O ponto de chegada deste trabalho encontra-se na interpretação voltada para a dinâmica que se estabelece entre a obra e a tradição formativa social brasileira em suas especificidades enquanto nação periférica ao processo capitalista mundial, em suas aproximações simbólicas e materiais, literárias e extraliterárias, em relação ao centro do mundo civilizado ocidental. / This work aims to perform a critical reading of Jorge Amado’s novel Jubiabá (1935), a work which is part of the project of the proletarian novel undertaken, by the author in the 1930s. We seek an analytical description of the elements that may contribute to the understanding of the internal structure of the work, as well as its position in Amado's literary and political ambitions in them. Thus, we are interested in investigating the relationship between the literary form of Jubiabá and the social processes which the work refers to, especially with regard to the left-wing ideas in relation to the historical changes in the organization of labor in Brazil, seeking to understand how the aesthetic aspect of the novel clarifies the author’s position. With the aesthetic aspect in mind, we paid particular attention to the construction of the plot, the composition of the leading character, and the narrator’s profile in relation to the whole of the work's structure, as well as in relation to one another. This paper concludes with an interpretation of the dynamics established between the work and the Brazilian social formative tradition in its specificities as a nation on the periphery of world capitalism, in its symbolic, material, literary, and extra-literary proximities to the center of the civilized Western world.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav české literatury a literární vědy Diplomová práce Petra Bílková KONEC KARNEVALU poetismus na přelomu 20. a 30. let THE END OF THE CARNIVAL Poetism on the verge of the 1930s Praha 2012 Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Jan Wiendl, Ph.D. Abstract In the first half of the 1920's, in the Czech avant-garde, a new art began to form - Poetism. On the basis of individual manifests and programmatic articles it was defined as modus vivendi. In the 1920's many principles and ideas were shaping the future, not only for the society, but also for the artistic movements. Poetism featured mainly an original concept of art and life; the authors of theoretical articles were mainly Karel Teige and Vítězslav Nezval. Within a few years the concept of life as a careless game and a source of joy faded and bitter- sweet topics began to penetrate Poetism. At this time, the poetics of Poetism changed from the original cheerfulness and everyday beauty to serious existential topics - the evidence is provided by many works of art. This transformation affected poetry the most. In poems made by authors, who came out of Poetism, inspiration thereby gathered is still evident; however, more serious issues are coming to the fore. Each of those poems expresses a distinct reconciliation with the...

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aracely Mehl.pdf: 4292284 bytes, checksum: f0324f346441d413f14f0fc1ffb14f8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-10 / This study examines the libertarian educational thought propagated in Brazil by the anarchists at the end of the XIX century and beginning of the XX one and analyzes the anarchic periodical "A Plebe" within 1917 to 1919, once the press was considered a tool to the diffusion of their ideals. The theoretical reference that endorsed the research was the historical materialism through readings of Marx and Engels’s works. The bibliographical resources that supported the analysis carried out from this referential was constituted by authors who make references to the educational theory developed by Francisco Ferrer y Guardia; author who was adopted by the anarchists in their schools, as well as his own writings and works of Marxists authors who contextualized the passage of the economical agro exporter model to the industrial one in Brazil. The primary sources which are referent to the analyzed periodical were collected at Edgard Leuenroth Archives at UNICAMP, and at Fundación Francesc Ferrer y Guardia in Barcelona, Spain. The study was divided in three chapters: the first one presents and points out the figure of Francisco Ferrer y Guardia in XIX century Europe, the organization and foundation of his Modern Schools as well as his educational thought known as Rationalist Teaching Education. The second chapter deals with the coming of the European immigrants to Brazil, the conditions of work and life that they found here and to which they were submitted to and also the strike movements organized by the anarchosyndicalists who, besides fighting for working improvements also established schools where the educational theory of Francisco Ferrer y Guardia became the pedagogical thought that represented them. On the third chapter an analysis of the referring articles on education found in the periodical "A Plebe” was carried out, within the period cited before, in order to verify whether Ferrer’s pedagogical thought appears in it and if this periodical took the defense of the proletarian education. In general terms, it was concluded that the periodical "A Plebe” contributed to the unveiling of the ideology imposed by the dominant class during the studied period and was an instrument of propagation of Ferrer’s theory in Brazil, as well as an organizer of laboring struggles and opening of libertarian schools. The research demonstrated that the organization of the libertarian schools by the anarchists, the revolutionary speech of their periodicals as well as the organization of strikes and of unions by them, were acts that led to a modification in the work and study conditions of the population, once , fearful that the common people could lead a revolution, the government hurries and organizes laws to prescribe the working activities and creates schools to the working class , thus suffocating the shout and the laborer anarchist organization in all its aspects. / Este estudo examina o pensamento educacional libertário propagado no Brasil pelos anarquistas no final do século XIX e início do século XX, e, também, analisa o jornal anarquista “A Plebe” nos anos de 1917 a 1919, uma vez que a imprensa era considerada por estes uma ferramenta de difusão de suas ideais.O referencial teórico – metodológico que respaldou esta pesquisa foi o do materialismo histórico através das leituras das obras de Marx e Engels. As fontes bibliográficas que deram suporte as análises feitas a partir deste referencial constituíram-se de autores que se referem à teoria educacional desenvolvida por Francisco Ferrer y Guardia ; autor adotado pelos anarquistas em suas escolas, bem como escritos dele próprio e os trabalhos de autores marxistas que contextualizam a passagem do modelo econômico agro exportador ao modelo industrial no Brasil As fontes primárias, referentes ao jornal analisado, foram coletadas no Arquivo Edgard Leuenroth na UNICAMP, e na Fundación Francesc Ferrer y Guardia em Barcelona , Espanha.O estudo foi dividido em três capítulos, sendo que o primeiro apresenta e situa a figura de Francisco Ferrer y Guardia na Europa do século XIX ,a organização e fundação de suas Escolas Modernas bem como o seu pensamento educacional conhecido como Ensino Racionalista.O segundo capítulo aborda a vinda dos imigrantes europeus ao Brasil, as condições de trabalho e de vida que encontram e as quais se submeteram;assim como os movimentos grevistas organizados pelos anarco-sindicalistas que, além de lutarem por melhorias trabalhistas, também fundaram escolas onde a teoria educacional de Francisco Ferrer y Guardia se tornou o pensamento pedagógico que os representava.No terceiro capítulo, foi feita uma análise dos artigos referentes à educação encontrados no jornal “ A Plebe”, no período já referenciado, a fim de se verificar se o pensamento pedagógico de Ferrer aparece naqueles e se este jornal fazia a defesa da educação proletária. Em termos gerais, concluiu-se que o jornal “A Plebe” contribuiu para o desvelamento da ideologia colocada pela classe dominante durante o período estudado e foi um instrumento de propagação da teoria de Ferrer no Brasil , além de ter sido um organizador de lutas operárias e abertura de escolas libertárias. A pesquisa demonstrou que a organização das escolas libertárias pelos anarquistas , aliada ao discurso revolucionário de seus jornais e a organização de greves e de sindicatos, foram atos que levaram a uma modificação nas condições de trabalho e de estudo da população;porquanto receosos de que o povo fizesse uma revolução , o governo se apressa e organiza leis para regulamentar o trabalho e cria escolas para a classe trabalhadora, abafando assim o grito e a organização operária anarquista em todos os seus aspectos.

A produção artística de Patrícia Galvão possui uma matriz política na qual a teoria e a prática comunista se entrelaçam à experiência modernista. Confrontada com a trajetória da autora, a estrita consonância de seu livro de estreia com as palavras de ordem do PCB nos permite reconhecer e avaliar tensões, conflitos e impasses da esquerda brasileira. A figuração do outro, no caso, o proletariado emergente pós-revolução de 1930, e as dificuldades do escritor, ou intelectual, em lidar com esta matéria são chaves importantes de nossa análise. O estudo de Parque industrial (1933), tanto de suas características internas quanto de seu lugar na história do modernismo brasileiro, ocupa a maior parte desta dissertação. / Patrícia Galvão\'s artistic work has a political framework in which communist theory and practice are intertwined with the modernist experience. Taking into consideration the author´s trajectory, the strict correspondence between her first book and PCB\'s watchwords allows us to recognize and evaluate tensions, conflicts and dilemmas of the Brazilian left-wing. The figuration of the other, in this case, the emerging proletariat after the 1930 revolution, and the difficulties faced by the writer, or intellectual, in dealing with this matter play a key role in our analysis. The study of Parque industrial (1933), both in its internal characteristics and in its place in the history of Brazilian modernism, occupies most of this work.

[pt] Gaibéus, de Alves Redol e As Vinhas da Ira, de John Steinbeck são romances que apresentam semelhanças de tema e estilo, além de revelarem um retrato vivo da vida dos agricultores em Portugal e nos Estados Unidos na década de 1930. Considerando o Neo-Realismo ou Novo Humanismo como base para uma abordagem comparativa entre estas obras, esta tese propõe primeiramente uma análise de alguns aspectos culturais e sociais que influenciaram a criação destes livros, bem como da repercussão crítica que os mesmos obtiveram em seus países. O propósito principal deste trabalho é provar que, através de um duplo ponto de vista crítico englobando um enfoque marxista do materialismo histórico e a teoria da resposta no leitor, é possível determinar as semelhanças entre a dialética empregada pelos seus autores e os elementos estéticos implícitos, os quais fazem estes dois romances semelhantes em arte e conteúdo. / [en] Alves Redol s Gaibéus, and John Steinbeck s The Grapes of Wrath are novels that present similarities in theme and style, besides revealing a lively portrait of agricultural life in Portugal and in the United States during de 1930 s. Considering the Neorealism or New Humanism as the basis for a comparative approach between these works, this thesis proposes firstly an analysis on some cultural and social aspects that influenced the creation of these books, as well as the criticism on them in their countries. The main purpose of this work is to prove that, through a double point of view, comprising both the Marxist focus of historical materialism together with the reader-response theories, it is possible to determine the similarities between the dialectics employed by the authors and the implied aesthetics elements, which make these two novels similar in artistry and content.

A produção artística de Patrícia Galvão possui uma matriz política na qual a teoria e a prática comunista se entrelaçam à experiência modernista. Confrontada com a trajetória da autora, a estrita consonância de seu livro de estreia com as palavras de ordem do PCB nos permite reconhecer e avaliar tensões, conflitos e impasses da esquerda brasileira. A figuração do outro, no caso, o proletariado emergente pós-revolução de 1930, e as dificuldades do escritor, ou intelectual, em lidar com esta matéria são chaves importantes de nossa análise. O estudo de Parque industrial (1933), tanto de suas características internas quanto de seu lugar na história do modernismo brasileiro, ocupa a maior parte desta dissertação. / Patrícia Galvão\'s artistic work has a political framework in which communist theory and practice are intertwined with the modernist experience. Taking into consideration the author´s trajectory, the strict correspondence between her first book and PCB\'s watchwords allows us to recognize and evaluate tensions, conflicts and dilemmas of the Brazilian left-wing. The figuration of the other, in this case, the emerging proletariat after the 1930 revolution, and the difficulties faced by the writer, or intellectual, in dealing with this matter play a key role in our analysis. The study of Parque industrial (1933), both in its internal characteristics and in its place in the history of Brazilian modernism, occupies most of this work.

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