Il seguente lavoro analizza lo sviluppo dell’occupazione territoriale dell’area collinare e montana del bolognese e della Romagna nell’età del Bronzo. Si sono censite le attestazioni archeologiche relative all’età del Bronzo nell’area di studio, per analizzare le tendenze insediative e le loro eventuali modificazioni nel corso del tempo, onde individuare le strategie alla base del scelta del luogo da insediare e le eventuali vie di percorrenza. Attraverso l’analisi tipologica del materiale rinvenuto nei vari contesti si è cercato di determinare le influenze culturali provenienti dal centro Italia o dalla zona terramaricola. Per raggiungere questo obbiettivo si sono analizzati i dati di archivio della Soprintendenza ai beni archeologici dell’Emilia Romagna e l’Archivio Renato Scarani, protagonista delle ricerche archeologiche in Emilia Romagna per il periodo degli anni ’50-’70 del XX secolo, recentemente acquisito dall’Università di Bologna. Ai dati desunti dagli archivi, che in molti casi hanno chiarito le vicende concernenti le indagini ed i posizionamenti di molti dei siti segnalati ed esplorati tra la seconda metà del XIX e gli anni ’70 del XX secolo, che costituiscono la maggioranza del campione analizzato, si sono aggiunti i dati recentemente acquisiti a seguito degli scavi a Monterenzio Località Chiesa Vecchia (Bo), uno dei siti più importanti (per stratigrafia conservata e per contesto territoriale) dell'Appennino Bolognese. / The following paper analyzes the development of territorial occupation of the hills and mountains of Bologna and Romgna during the Bronze Age. They have been censused the claims related to the Bronze Age archaeological sites in the study area, to analyze trends settlement and their possible changes over time, in order to identify the strategies behind the choice of location to settle and channels.Through typological analysis of the material found in different contexts we have tried to determine the cultural influences coming from the central Italy or from terramare's area. To achieve this goal we analyzed the data archive of the Superintendence of Cultural Heritage of Emilia Romagna and the Renato Scarani's Archive, protagonist of archaeological research in Emilia Romagna for the period of the 50s and 70s of the twentieth century, recently acquired by the University of Bologna. The data taken from the archives, which in many cases have clarified the matters involving investigations and placements of many of the reported sites and explored between the second half of the nineteenth and the 70s of the twentieth century, that make up the majority of the sample analyzed; the data have been implemented by the result of the excavations in Monterenzio-Località Chiesa Vecchia(Bo) one of the most important (for stratigraphy and preserved for local context) of the Bolognese.

No description available.

No description available.

The study of the objects LaTène type found in middle-eastern alpine region (Trentino Alto Adige-Südtirol, Engadina, North Tirol, Voralberg and Villach basin) is aimed to a better comprehension of the complex net of relationships established among the Celts, settled both in the central Europe territories and, since the IV century b.C., in the Po Plain, and the local populations. The ancient authors, who called the inhabitants of this area Raeti, propose for this territory the usual pattern according to which, the population of a region was formed consequently to a migration or was caused by the hunting of pre-existing peoples. The archaeologists, in the last thirty years, recognized a cultural facies typical of the middle-eastern alpine territory during the second Iron Age, and defined that as Fritzens-Sanzeno culture (from the sites of Fritzens, Inn valley, and Sanzeno, Non Valley). The so-called Fritzens-Sanzeno culture spread out without breaks from the material culture of the final Bronze Age and the first Iron Age. This local substratum, characterized by a ceramic repertoire strongly standardized, by peculiar architectural solutions and by a particular typology of rural sacred places (Brandopferplätze), accepted, above all during the second Iron Age, the strong influences coming from the Etruscan world and from the Celtic one (evident in the presence of objects of ornament, of glass artefacts, of elements of the weaponry and of coins). The objects LaTène type become, with different degrees of reliability, important markers of the relationships existing between the Celts and the Raeti, although the ways of interaction (cultural influence, people's movements, commercial exchanges, gifts among élites etc.) is not still clear. The revision of published data and the study of unpublished materials allows to define a rich and articulated picture both to chronological level and to territorial one.

No description available.

No description available.

Il dibattito sullo sviluppo delle culture dell’età del Bronzo nel territorio dell’Emilia-Romagna sta portando una rinnovata attenzione sull’area romagnola. Le indagini si sono concentrate sull’area compresa tra il fiume Panaro e il Mare Adriatico, riconoscibile nell’odierna Romagna ed in parte della bassa pianura emiliana. Si trattava un territorio strategico, un vero e proprio crocevia socio-economico fra la cultura terramaricola e quelle centro italiche di Grotta Nuova. La presente ricerca di dottorato ha portato alla ricostruzione dei sistemi di gestione e di sfruttamento delle risorse animali in Emilia-Romagna durante l’Età del Bronzo, con particolare attenzione alla definizione della capacità portante ambientale dei diversi territori indagati e delle loro modalità di sfruttamento in relazione alla razionalizzazione della pratiche di allevamento. Sono state studiate in dettaglio le filiere di trasformazione dei prodotti animali primari e secondari definendo, quindi, i caratteri delle paleoeconomie locali nel processo di evoluzione della Romagna durante l’età del Bronzo. La ricerca si è basata sullo studio archeozoologico completo su 13 siti recentemente indagati, distribuiti nelle provincie di: Bologna, Ferrara, Ravenna, Forlì/Cesena e Rimini, e su una revisione completa delle evidenze archeozoologiche prodotte da studi pregressi. Le analisi non si sono limitate al riconoscimento delle specie, ma hanno teso all’individuazione ed alla valutazione di parametri complessi per ricostruire le strategie di abbattimento e le tecniche di sfruttamento e macellazione dei diversi gruppi animali. E’ stato possibile, quindi, valutare il peso ecologico di mandrie e greggi sul territorio e l’impatto economico ed ecologico di un allevamento sempre più sistematico e razionale, sia dal punto di vista dell’organizzazione territoriale degli insediamenti, sia per quanto riguarda le ripercussioni sulla gestione delle risorse agricole ed ambientali in generale. / The debate about the development of Bronze Age cultures in the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) is leading to a renewed attention for Romagna. Research has focused on the area between the Panaro River and the Adriatic Sea, corresponding to present-day Romagna and southeastern Emilia provinces. It was a strategic area, an actual socio-economic crossroads between terramare culture and the Grotta Nuova cultures of central Italy. This doctoral research led to the reconstruction of the management and exploitation systems of animal resources in Emilia-Romagna during the Bronze Age, with a particular focus on the definition of the environmental carrying capacity of the different regions and on their exploitation methods for a rationalization of farming practices. The processing chains of primary and secondary products have been studied in detail, in order to define the character of local paleoeconomies within the evolution of the Romagna during Bronze Age. The research is based on the complete zooarchaeological study of 13 sites recently investigated, located in the provinces of Bologna, Ferrara, Ravenna, Forlì / Cesena and Rimini, and on the comprehensive reappraisal of the archaeological evidence produced by previous studies. Analyses have not been limited to the identification of the different species, but have aimed to the identification and the evaluation of complex parameters, in order to reconstruct the killing strategies and the techniques of exploitation and slaughtering of the different animal groups. The research allowed the evaluation of the impact of herds and flocks on the local environments and the economic and ecological impact of a more systematic and rational farming, for both the spatial organization of the settlements and for the consequence on the management of agricultural and environmental resources.

L’obiettivo della ricerca condotta dal candidato è stato sin dal principio la proposta di un’analisi del popolamento e delle dinamiche culturali dell’età neolitica nella Puglia Centrale. Tale aspirazione derivava dal fatto che il territorio oggetto di tale ricerca è stato, negli ultimi decenni, assai meno investigato rispetto alle limitrofe aree, come la piana del Tavoliere ed il Salento in particolare. Questa mancanza di informazioni rendeva necessaria una rivisitazione delle ricerche e degli studi, attraverso la costruzione di un atlante del popolamento, al fine di colmare questo vuoto. Infatti, una valutazione del popolamento dell’età neolitica nell’Italia sud-orientale non può essere considerata per aree culturali distinte e geograficamente limitate. Nonostante vi siano importanti differenziazioni di facies archeologiche, è solo attraverso una visione complessiva e con un controllo articolato delle informazioni che è possibile descrivere i processi e le dinamiche che hanno portato ad un popolamento così imponente, dalla sua espansione al repentino collasso, causando la trasformazione del paesaggio pugliese. La scelta di guardare alla complessità neolitica di questo versante della Puglia si lega culturalmente, oltre che geograficamente, alla ricerca già effettuata sulla grande diffusione del neolitico nella piana del Tavoliere di Puglia, unico esempio europeo in quanto a colonizzazione capillare del territorio..Ciò ha permesso di disegnare un quadro globale, che al momento esclude solo la penisola salentina, del popolamento neolitico della Puglia settentrionale e centrale. Le caratteristiche che differenziano i due complessi, sono strettamente legate sia all’habitat insediativo, inteso come scelte insediamentali, che nella regione indagata appare organizzato su diversi livelli (area costiera adriatica, area prospiciente antichi alvei torrentizi, propaggini dell’altopiano delle Murge), che alle forme culturali, intese come produzione artigianale e soprattutto aspetti rituali connessi alla frequentazione delle grotte naturali. / The objective of the research conducted by the candidate was from the beginning the proposal for an analysis of the population and of the cultural dynamics of the Neolithic age in Central Puglia. Such aspiration came from the fact that the object of this research was, in recent decades, much less investigated than the surrounding areas, such as the plain of Tavoliere and the Salento. This lack of information made it required a review of research and studies, through the construction of an Atlas of population, in order to bridge (or at least start doing it) this vacuum. In fact, an assessment of population of Neolithic age in southeastern Italy cannot be regarded as distinct cultural areas and geographically limited. Although there are important archaeological facies differentiation, it is only through a global vision and articulated with the information that you can describe processes and dynamics that have led to a population so impressive, since its expansion to sudden collapse, causing the transformation of the Apulian landscape. The choice to look at the complexity of this side of the Neolithic Puglia binds culturally, geographically, as well as looking great already made on the spread of the Neolithic in the plain of Tavoliere of Puglia, only in European colonization of capillary ...This has made it possible to draw a global framework, which currently excludes only the Salento peninsula, Neolithic Peopling of Northern and Central Puglia. The features that differentiate the two complexes, are closely linked to both the habitat settlement as insediamentali, choices in the region concerned is organized at different levels (the Adriatic coastal area facing the ancient riverbeds, torrentizi area, offshoots of the Murge plateau), the cultural forms, as handicraft production and especially aspects related to rituals of frequentation natural caves.

Il presente elaborato si occupa della storia della cerealicoltura in un percorso diacronico dal Neolitico all’Età del Ferro. Sono presentate le analisi carpologiche di 14 siti archeologici dell’Italia settentrionale, esaminati secondo le più moderne tecniche di indagine archeobotanica. / The present study deals with the history of agriculture in a diachronic course from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. 14 studies of archaeological sites in northern Italy are presented, examined according to the most modern techniques of archaeobotanical investigation.

The period under review is one of the few moments of Italian prehistory in which the archaeological record permits determination of the arrival of foreign-born groups in conjunction with the disintegration of an indigenous world of ancient tradition. Studies related to this phase of the Neolithic mainly refer to the observations of Bagolini (Bagolini and Biagi 1987; Bagolini 1998) taken from various other authors (Barfield et al 2000), which outline a framework for northern Italy multifaceted , created by the interaction between the people of the local culture of Square Mouth Pottery and people of culture Chassey from France, as well as by contributions from the North Alpine acquiring increasing importance over time (Chapter 1). The meeting, which took place from area to area at different times and different ways between half V millennium and half IV millennium BC, seems to have produced along the coastal and transalpine paths especially related to the exchange of raw materials (green stones, obsidian, flint), but also of technological expertise. In reading these new interactions, therefore, is the ability to explain the crisis in the world of Western culture in the first half of the fourth millennium, whose disintegration develop experiences in which today stand out above all the traits of discontinuity with the earlier traditions (various Authors in Ferrari et al 2002a). The Emilia is a crossroads of all the direct and indirect contributions to the circles mentioned above. This is demonstrated by the marked variability observed in cultural sites are also close, attributed mainly to differences in chronological (Bagolini 1981), but also resulting complex interweaving of cultural routes. This region is therefore an area for privileged observation to assess how to meet, including conflict, interaction and assimilation between different human groups that have settled or still have covered the territory in the period under review. If the reference framework outlined by Bagolini in the 80s remains roughly shared, the development of the cultural debate, the recent discoveries in the study of the sites proposed by Emilian this PhD work will allow further information and updates. The contexts Emilia object of this work are those published and unpublished due to the last centuries of the fifth millennium BC and the early fourth cal. In detail it is the site of S. Andrea in Travo (Chapter 5) and Le Mose in Piacenza (Chapter 4), Vignola Fiorenzuola (chapter 7), Box Office (Chapter 6) and Vighi and Parma (Chapter 7), S.ILARIO d'Enza (Reggio Emilia) (Chapter 7). The study focused on the analysis of the ceramic industry, from the point of view of both technological and typological (Chapter 3), in order to better define the internal chronology of the different sites. From this analysis were in fact identified a number of representative types, for which it has been proposed a relative chronology useful in order to reconstruct a chronological framework to realize the variability observed in Emilia at the turn of the fifth millennium BC. In this reading, the sites of Travo and Le Mose proved to be the most useful in the construction of this trial-type first of all because it is multi-staged sites. The study of the stratigraphy of Travo and Le Mose of the different settlement phases from the VBQ I to Late Neolithic, in fact, has provided important data for the evaluation of the different diachronic cultural indicators.