M.Cur. / Man, as seen from a Christ-centred approach, was not only created in the image of God, but God also gave him the responsibility of acting as His representative on earth and of making full use of his God-given gifts, talents and potential. In this way man could become what God intended him to be. Man is a relationship creature, and when he accepts God as his personal Saviour, he should implement these God-given abilities in his relationship with himself, others, the community, nature and the biosphere, in such a way that the Spirit of Christ is embodied in it. Then the spiritual becomes the guideline, principal and motivator for meaningful human existence in the process of self-actualization. Because the Christian psychiatric nurse functions from this frame of reference, it is also applicable to her. The psychiatric nurse who today finds herself in psychiatric practice, is frequently subjected to fatigue and stress. The expectations that she sets herself and also the expectations the patient, family and community have of her, are enormous. Under the guidance of the Holy Spirit she needs to change the science of psychiatric nursing into an enriching and skillful art so that the qualities of Jesus Christ are embodied in the fulfillment of her task, and so that she can answer her calling and duty - empathy with her fellow-man towards fulfillment, wholeness and maturity of faith. The purpose of this research is to establish whether the presentation of a structured enrichment programme, from a Christ-centred approach by the psychiatric nurse specialist, can enhance the process of self-actualization in the psychiatric nurse. A one-day .enrichment programme was presented to two groups of final-year student nurses to facilitate the process of self-actualization. An explanatory experimental research approach was used. The two groups were randomly divided int experimental and control groups. Pre- and post-tests were done on both experimental and control groups by completion of the POI measuring instrument. The Intervention, namely the structured enrichment programme, was done on the experimental groups only...

M.A. (Clinical Psychology) / The focus of this study centres on the dynamics of psychiatric female acute locked ward. The aim of the thesis is to offer an additional view of a psychiatric locked ward,with the potential of opening new avenues of functioning or change. A systemic theoretical model is utilised in an attempt to reach such an understanding/perspective. The casestudy method was adopted which involved clinical observation by an intern clinical psychologist. The thesis demonstrated that individual behaviour and/or interaction between individuals on a psychiatric locked ward may be further related to the context or unit as a whole. In other words, understanding/perception may be extended to a further level of interpretation, namely, at a systemic or feedback of feedback level.

D.Cur. / Working with children within a therapeutic relationship requires expert knowledge, expert skills, intuition, feeling and empathy for the child (Weitzman, 2003: 5). Internationally there is a need for the development of creative and effective service delivery models to be implemented by trained play therapists (Weitzman, 2003: 6). The purpose of the study was to develop a model for the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner to facilitate the mental health of young children diagnosed with HIV by meeting the following objectives: to explore and describe the life-world of young children diagnosed with HIV; to describe and evaluate a model to facilitate the mental health of young children diagnosed with HIV; and to describe guidelines for the implementation of the model.

D.Cur. / The purpose of this research study was to describe a model to facilitate collaboration between the institutions of higher education and psychiatric health care services in order to promote psychiatric clinical nursing education, with guidelines to operationalise the model. In spite of the calls by statutory bodies and contemporary legislation for collaboration between institutions of higher education and psychiatric health care services, there are few instances where formalised collaborative ventures exist to promote psychiatric clinical nursing education. Since the move of nursing education from hospital-based schools to colleges and universities, there was no attempt to redefine the most appropriate roles for nurse educators and clinical facilitators regarding student teaching and learning, given this realignment. The consequence was that the relationship between these institutions is characterised by territoriality; a lack of integration of knowledge and expertise of nurse educators and clinical facilitators; a lack of sharing the necessary resources to facilitate cooperative teaching thus increasing the existence of academia-service gap and/or theory-practice gap to develop. There was therefore a need to develop a model with guidelines for operationalisation of the model to facilitate collaboration between institutions of higher education and psychiatric health care services to promote psychiatric clinical nursing education. The research questions that emerged were: • What is the meaning of collaboration between institutions of higher education and psychiatric health care services within psychiatric clinical nursing education? • How can collaboration between institutions of higher education and psychiatric health care services be facilitated to promote psychiatric clinical nursing education? To realise the aim of this research, the following objectives are formulated: • to explore and describe the meaning of the concept “collaboration” between the institutions of higher education and psychiatric health care services within a psychiatric clinical educational context (theoretical and empirical perspectives); • to explore and describe the perceptions of nurse educators, nurse managers, and (i) clinical facilitators with regard to how collaboration between institutions of higher education and psychiatric health care services can be facilitated to promote psychiatric clinical nursing education; • to conceptualise the identified concepts of the model for collaboration to facilitate psychiatric clinical nursing education; • to describe the model to facilitate collaboration between institutions of higher education and psychiatric health care services, evaluate the model and describe guidelines for its operationalisation. The study was conducted in four phases. Phase One of the study involved an exploration and description of the meaning of collaboration within psychiatric clinical nursing education in accordance with Rodgers and Knafl’s evolutionary method of concept analysis (Rodgers & Knafl, 1993:77-90) and empirical meaning description from the participants’ perspective. Integration of the theoretical and empirical meaning of collaboration formed the basis on which a conceptual map was designed. Content analysis of literature was done using deductive and inductive reasoning strategies, synthesis, and inference and derivation as described by Chinn & Kramer (1995:63-67), and Walker and Avant, (1983:58-62). Theoretical validity was ensured (Chinn & Jacobs, 1987:208). A conceptual map constituting the four phases of collaboration was described.

Master of Public Health - MPH / This thesis aimed to explore systematic health service problems that are related to frequent readmission of persons suffering from severe mental illnesses to Valkenberg Hospital. Reduction of acute and chronic beds in the Associated Psychiatric Hospitals, Western Cape over the past decade has led to increasing pressure for beds and rapid inpatient turnover, many of these inpatients being "revolving door" patients. Integration of mental health service into general health services, an intrinsic part of the comprehensive primary health care approach in South Africa, is supposed to make mental health care more accessible the public, therefore research into why patients are being frequently readmitted at secondary specialist level is indicated. / South Africa

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / Caregivers of people with psychiatric illnesses experience challenges, which contribute significantly to their burden of care and can result in health and mental health problems. The researcher was interested in the lived experiences of caregivers, which resulted in the following research questions: What are the lived experiences of caregivers caring for a co-morbid bi-polar and substance-abuse patient, and what context and situations contribute to the problems? The goal of this research was to explore the experiences of family members caring for relatives admitted in a psychiatric hospital, and the contexts in which these occurred. The objectives were to explore and describe the lived experiences of family members caring for a relative with a co-morbid diagnosis of bi-polar and substance abuse, as well as the situations or contexts in which these experiences occur. These objectives were followed by the last objective of the research, which was to make recommendations to the multi-disciplinary teams (MDTs) on services for family members caring for such a relative. A qualitative, phenomenological research approach was used for this study with explorative and descriptive research designs. The population for the study comprised families in the Western Cape caring for female relatives admitted to a psychiatric hospital with co-morbid bipolar and substance use disorder. The researcher purposively selected relatives of female in-patients admitted in a female admission ward. Families were chosen whose members were admitted for more than three months. In-depth phenomenological interviews were done with six participants until data saturation was reached. Phenomenological data analysis, focusing on the textural (lived experience) and structural (context in which it was experienced), were followed after data collection. Findings comprised a composite description of the phenomena of both textural and structural description. The findings of this research resulted in conclusions and recommendations for MDTs and social work on interventions for family members caring for a family member with this mental condition. Findings from this study conclude what was found in the literature regarding challenges in the system leads to caregivers feeling burdened with their mentally ill relative, and that resources and support are lacking in communities. This led to recommendations aiming at MDTs, government and social workers working in institutions, to align with community social workers in order to strengthen working relationships with the aim of providing the necessary support services to families caring for mentally ill relatives. Future research suggestions are also aimed at supporting families caring for patients with a mental illness for which reasons for re-admissions will be assessed and evaluated.

No description available.

This study examines the workings of the ground rules which make up the framework of psychotherapy, in an institutional context, by analysing transcripts of twelve audio taped sessions of therapy conducted in a psychiatric hospital. The breaks in the ground rules of the sessions are noted and the patients' responses to these breaks are analysed using Langs's (1982, 1988) method for decoding patients' material, suitably modified for use as a hermeneutic research method. Although all of the ground rules are broken in the institutional context, only one of the ten ground rules appears to be essentially affected by this particular institutional context. Other ground rules are broken out of choice of technique or through error. The institutional context has a structural impact only on the ground rule requiring a one to one relationship with privacy and confidentiality and this ground rule is transgressed in a number of ways in all twelve sessions examined in this study. However the patients' responses to this breach only occur in ways predicted by communicative theory when the break in the ground rule involves actual entry into the therapy space by another person. Other contraventions to this ground rule that do not involve such an entry do not elicit the predicted patient responses. The many other ground rule breaks occurring in the institutional context evoke the predicted responses in the patients' material. In the study, no therapist interventions are found to comply with the communicative therapy requirements for sound interventions; concomitantly it was found that no therapist interventions receive the required derivative validation. The results indicate that it is possible to conduct therapy of a substantially secure frame variety in this institutional context with minimum effort on the part of therapists and given proper training and supervision of therapists in the techniques of communicative psychotherapy. Furthermore the results lend weight to the importance of the communicative methodology for listening to patients' material in psychotherapy in an institutional context. However, further rigorous study of competently performed therapy, executed within the context of a secure frame within an institutional context, is needed in order to demonstrate the benefits of the communicative psychotherapy interventions and interpretations in this context.

The purpose of this thesis is to make an exploratory study of the British Columbia Mainland Travelling Child Guidance Clinic. One of the main goals is a more definitive statement and clarification of the current functions and services of the clinic. The study includes: (1) A description of travelling child guidance clinics generally, in terms of underlying theory and assumptions, historical development, and current problems and functioning; (2) A brief description of the travelling child guidance services in Canada; (3) A detailed description of the British Columbia Mainland Travelling Child Guidance Clinic: a. its historical development; b. its stated functions and goals; c. its operation "in the field." The above includes material drawn directly from a sample of clinic files, which describes: the characteristic group of clients referred for individual service; problems seen by the referral sources as indicating the need of clinical assessment and help; the channels of referral and presentation to the clinic; the professional members of the community who, through attendance at case conference, come into direct contact with clinical concepts and knowledge about the understanding and treatment within the community of behavior disorders in children, and general mental health methods in the alleviation and prevention of further similar difficulties; and the recommendations made for such community treatment of the disorder. A questionnaire circulated to all Social Welfare Branches indicated the field offices' concept of the effectiveness and adequacy of clinical services. The British Columbia Mainland Travelling Clinic has achieved a good beginning. Staff exigencies in both the clinic and the field have made ideal objectives impossible to achieve. The addition of another travelling clinic team together with more field personnel will alter this criticism. The success of any such undertaking will always depend on harmonious relationships among clinic staff, field health and welfare staff, and other citizens in the communities. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

Evolution in the improved treatment of the mentally ill has been slow, and even today there is much variation in hospitals and communities. One of the most recent developments towards more effective treatment is the use of the treatment team. The members of this team, as a rule, are: doctor, nurse, psychologist, occupational therapist and social worker. Each one of these professional disciplines shares his knowledge of the patient with the others, so that all areas of the patient's life can be given full consideration. This thesis examines the role of the social worker in the treatment team that works with the mentally ill in two treatment centres - the Provincial Mental Hospital and the Crease Clinic of Psychological Medicine at Essondale, B.C. The study was undertaken to point up the social worker's area of competence and show where it can be used to the best advantage in the mental hospital program. The material used to evaluate the program was obtained through interviews with members of the social service staff, by attendance at staff meetings, reviewing, records of past staff, meetings, and by examining reports that have been prepared by various members of the staff on their casework activities. The study was meant to be more of a qualitative analysis and because of this a minimum of statistical material has been included. An examination of the treatment program shows that the social worker offers casework services to the patient and. his family from the time of the patient's admission to the Hospital or the Clinic until long after his discharge. Specifically, this means that social service is available, to the patient from the time of his reception; while he is under treatment on the ward; at the time that he is preparing for his return to his home; and also after his discharge in the form of counseling or rehabilitation services. The social worker offers further services in the areas of education and training (of social work and other professional staff); in research primarily to point out the needs in their own area of the treatment program; and also in community interpretation. Participation, to a limited extent, is seen in hospital administration. In concluding the study, it was pointed up that there is a need for more participation in the administrative aspects of treatment, the importance of social workers on the wards was stressed, and an increased emphasis on the rehabilitation of the patient was recommended. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate