How do the strategic documents of the Republic of Lithuania contribute to the efforts of its institutions and organisations to build societal resilience to threats? Although the need for overall preparedness is recognised, the division of responsibilities remains unclear and fragmented. This thesis identifies the gaps between policy and its implementation by examining the strategic documents and expert opinions. The results show that the policies are summarising, visionary and directional. This leads to a lack of clarity for the institutions or to haphazard initiatives. By explaining the relationship between policy expectations and the actual willingness of the public to contribute to the defence of the state, this study contributes to the study of warfare. It also provides theoretical and empirical data for building and strengthening societal resilience in Lithuania. Promoting active dialogue, strengthening coordination between institutions and non-governmental organisations can strengthen societal resilience and thus promote better prepared national defence. / Hur bidrar Republiken Litauens strategiska dokument till dess institutioners och organisationers ansträngningar att bygga samhällelig resiliens mot hot? Även om behovet av allmän beredskap erkänns, förblir ansvarsfördelningen oklar och fragmenterad. Denna avhandling identifierar klyftorna mellan politik och dess genomförande genom att undersöka de strategiska dokumenten och expertutlåtanden. Resultaten visar att policyn är sammanfattande, visionär och riktgivande. Detta leder till en brist på tydlighet för institutionerna eller till slumpmässiga initiativ. Genom att förklara sambandet mellan policyförväntningar och allmänhetens faktiska vilja att bidra till statens försvar, bidrar denna studie till krigsvetenskap. Den tillhandahåller också teoretiska och empiriska data för att bygga och stärka samhällelig resiliens i Litauen. Att främja aktiv dialog och stärka samordningen mellan institutioner och icke-statliga organisationer kan stärka samhällelig resiliens och därigenom främja en bättre förberedd nationellt försvar.

Studien undersökte förekomsten av brottsligt beteende hos ungdomar i allmänhet och hur sociala och personliga resurser kan fungera som skydds- eller riskfaktorer i synnerhet samt vilka skillnader som finns mellan flickor och pojkar. Undersökningen gjordes på 1324 ungdomar i årskurs nio genom projektet LoRDIA. Data analyserades med t-test, Spearman's korrelationsanalys och hierarkisk multipel regressionsanalys. Resultaten visade att den starkaste prediktorn för ungdomars brottsliga beteende var deras kamraters brottsliga beteende. Socialt välbefinnande visade sig vara en viktigare personlig resurs för flickorna när det handlade om att predicera brottsligt beteende. Psykologiskt välbefinnande var viktigare för pojkarna Överlag låg studiens resultat i linje med tidigare forskning. Avvikande resultat diskuterades. Undersökningen relaterades till möjlighetshorisonter och ungdomars uppfattning om vilka studie och yrkesval de stod inför. Slutligen föreslogs hur företag och branschorganisationer kan tänka och agera från studiens resultat. / The study examined the prevalence of criminal behavior among adolescents in general and how social and personal resources can act as protection or risk factors in particular and also what differences exist between girls and boys. The survey was conducted on 1324 youths in ninth grade through the LoRDIA project. Data was analyzed by t-test, Spearman's correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the strongest predictor of young people's criminal behavior was peer delinquency. Social well-being turned out to be an important personal resource for the girls when it was about predicting criminal behavior and psychological well-being was important for the boys. While overall the results were in line with previous research, some divergent results were also discussed. The study was related to horizons of opportunities and to young people's perception of the educational and career choices they faced. Finally ways for companies and organizations to think and act on the results of the study were suggested.

The thesis aims to give readers a more precise knowledge of how narratives in the information environment, mainly social media platforms, can be created and structured by agents of influence operations to subvert and influence a target audience. As a case study, the thesis focuses on the influence agent “Shuoun Islamiya”, as the Swedish Psychological Defence Agency pointed out, to be the initiator of the influence operation targeting Swedish Social Services and the LVU-act. The research in this paper explores the narratives used by the agentto reveal three central narratives propagated by Shuoun Islamiya: Sweden as a fascist state, Swedish authorities as abusive towards children, and depicting Swedish authorities as targeting Muslim families in particular. The findings suggest that these narratives are strategically designed to weaken the existing narrative of Sweden as a democratic state and evoke strong emotions in the targeted audience to align with the influence agent's objectives. Construction of these narratives involves setting up antagonistic actors, portraying the Swedish state and the social services as villains who unfairly and systematically target families of immigrant and Muslim backgrounds. The families are, on the other hand, depicted as helpless victims,emphasising a conflict between the state and the families by using provocative and inflammatory language related to allegations of child kidnapping and abuse carried out by Swedish authorities. These narratives are conveyed mainly through social media platforms, showing a strong visual component in which non-related visually evocative images are oftenused to elicit emotional responses from the target audience. Further, results show how non-state actors can influence a sizable audience and take advantage of the digital information environment, combining false and misleading content taken out of context. Moreover, the analysis highlights potential security implications, including the risk of undermining social trust and cohesion. The study emphasises the need for a critical mindset among information consumers. It suggests avenues for future research, including examining other actors and assessing a potentially more profound impact of the influence operation.

Denna studie undersöker relationen mellan psykologiska kontrakt och utbrändhet i syfte att utöka kunskapsområdet. Studiens genomfördes bland sjukvårdspersonal i Sveriges offentliga sektor och bestod av 43 kvinnor och nio män (N = 52). Psykologiska kontrakt avser outtalade och subjektiva förväntningar och skyldigheter mellan anställda och arbetsgivare. Kontraktet kan i sin tur brytas ner i tre separata kontraktstyper: transaktionella, relationella och ideologiska. Studien syftar till att identifiera sambanden mellan kontraktstyperna, psykologiska kontraktets uppfyllelse och upplevd utbrändhet. Genom en enkät mättes graden av deltagarnas kontraktstyper, kontraktets uppfyllelse samt arbetsrelaterade krav och resurser. Psykologiska kontraktstyperna verkar vara ett för smalt område att undersöka i relation till utbrändhet eftersom dessa inte visade på någon signifikant predicerbarhet. Resultatet visade däremot att bristande uppfyllelse av det sammanställda psykologiska kontraktet har ett signifikant samband med ökad utbrändhet, utöver krav och resurser. Korrelationsanalys med det psykologiska kontraktet och krav/resurser visar på resultat i liknelse med Job Demands-Resources. Trots att resurser har ett positivt samband med kontraktets uppfyllnad så verkar denna effekt inte vara lika stark som den negativa inverkan från krav. Arbetstempo och känslomässiga krav sticker ut som de starkast korrelerade variablerna och betonar vikten av att säkerställa ett hanterbart tempo samt att tillhandahålla hjälpmedel för att lindra den känslomässiga bördan av arbetet inom sjukvården. Studien understryker att både arbetsgivare och anställda måste adressera explicita och implicita förväntningar för att minska risken för utbrändhet. Att säkerställa en balans mellan arbetskrav och resurser, samt att uppfylla psykologiska kontrakt, är avgörande för att förbättra mental hälsa och arbetstillfredsställelse bland sjukvårdspersonal. / This study investigates the relationship between psychological contracts and burnout to widen the field. The study took place among healthcare workers in the Swedish public sector and consisted of 43 women and nine men (N = 52). Psychological contracts refer to the unspoken and subjective expectations and obligations between employees and employers. These contracts can be divided into three separate types: transactional, relational, and ideological. The study aims to identify the associations between these contract types, the fulfilment of psychological contracts, and perceived burnout. Through a survey, the participants' contract types, contract fulfilment, job demands and resources were measured. The psychological contract types seem to be too narrow an area to investigate in relation to burnout, as they did not show any significant predictability. However, the results indicated that the lack of fulfilment of the overall psychological contract has a significant association with increased burnout, beyond job demands and resources. Correlation analysis between psychological contracts and job demands/resources shows results similar to the Job Demands-Resources model. Although resources have a positive relationship with contract fulfilment, this effect does not appear to be as strong as the negative impact of demands. Work pace and emotional demands stand out as the most strongly correlated variables, emphasizing the need for ensuring a manageable pace and providing tools to ease the emotional burden of work in healthcare. The study highlights that both employers and employees must address explicit and implicit expectations to reduce the risk of burnout. Ensuring a balance between job demands and resources, as well as fulfilling psychological contracts, is crucial for improving mental health and job satisfaction among healthcare personnel.