Nachdem seit einigen Jahren in vielen Vorhaben Projekterfahrungen mit der ÖPP-Variante beim Bund und in den einzelnen Bundesländern gesammelt wurden, haben im September 2011 die Präsidentinnen und Präsidenten der Rechnungshöfe des Bundes und der Länder einen gemeinsamen Erfahrungsbericht zur Wirtschaftlichkeit von ÖPP-Projekten veröffentlicht. Dieser Bericht soll nach Aussage der Rechnungshöfe kein Leitfaden sein, sondern eine Hilfestellung. Die Arbeitsgruppe der ÖPP-Kompetenzzentren der Länder dankt für die Einschätzung der Rechnungshöfe und nimmt diese zum Anlass, sie mit eigenen Erfahrungen zu vergleichen. Mit dieser Stellungnahme sollen Gemeinsamkeiten dargestellt, unterschiedliche Auffassungen in ihrer Sichtweise begründet und Lösungsansätze für künftige Projekte vorgeschlagen werden.

Este trabalho apresenta um procedimento para a análise e seleção de estratégias de manutenção de pavimentos em malhas de redes de rodovias, sendo proposto um modelo de sistema de gerência de pavimentos que inclui análises de riscos. O trabalho propõe a análise concomitante de diversas rodovias que sejam gerenciadas por uma mesma instituição, de modo a identificar os efeitos das estratégias individuais de manutenção sobre os custos totais para administração da malha. Para tanto são integrados elementos das análises em nível de projeto, com elementos adicionais, contendo informações especialmente relacionadas a riscos, de diversas naturezas e que possam ter impacto nas análises pelo sistema. Os conceitos fundamentais dos sistemas de gerência de pavimentos, tanto para aplicação em nível de rede, como para o nível de projeto, são utilizados no procedimento proposto de modo que grande parte dos dados requeridos é comum aos distintos níveis. O principal objetivo da integração entre os níveis de projeto e de rede é aumentar a confiabilidade dos resultados. Assim, a estrutura se inicia pelo nível de projeto, o qual contempla informações detalhadas acerca das condições dos pavimentos. Nesta etapa, os segmentos homogêneos são detalhadamente delimitados, e a utilização de variáveis obtidas por correlações é indicada. Tais elementos permitem que as intervenções sejam propostas de modo mais assertivo no curto prazo. Para a conexão entre os níveis de projeto e de rede, são selecionadas variáveis de desempenho advindas de medidas diretas sobre as condições dos pavimentos. É mais conveniente a utilização de variáveis que estejam alinhadas com requerimentos contratuais ou indicadores de desempenho. No nível de rede, a segmentação homogênea está orientada para fornecer resultados não detalhados, mais genéricos e de maior amplitude, que estatisticamente incluem variações de desempenho, comuns às projeções de médio e longo prazo. Para o procedimento, são elaborados cenários de análises, alinhados com políticas, objetivos, restrições, entre outros aspectos que possam influenciar a seleção de estratégias para intervenções em pavimentos. A ampliação dos elementos considerados nas análises, que resulta no nível proposto nesta tese, inclui estudos específicos sobre riscos. Os diversos riscos envolvidos na administração de rodovias vêm sendo explorados em maior profundidade em virtude da crescente participação da iniciativa privada em contratos de concessão. Os riscos são, portanto, considerados nos distintos níveis das organizações, a partir dos quais são eleitos aqueles que estejam relacionados e exerçam maiores impactos na gestão dos pavimentos. O estudo de caso conduzido para apresentar o procedimento contempla a análise de três rodovias concessionadas, considerando suas características especificas como condições dos pavimentos e requisitos contratuais. A partir do estudo de caso é possível pontuar aspectos relevantes nas análises em nível de rede, contribuindo para a construção de sistemas altamente orientados. / This thesis presents a procedure for the performing analysis and selection of strategies for the maintenance of road pavements in highways networks, by proposing a model of pavement management system that includes risk analysis. The work proposes the concomitant analysis of several highways that are managed by the same institution, in order to identify the effects of the individual maintenance strategies on the total costs for the administration of the network. For this purpose, the elements from project-level and network-level analysis are integrated with additional elements, especially those related to risk information, diverse in nature and with the capacity of impact on the system\'s analysis. The fundamental concepts of pavement management systems for both network-level and project-level are applied in the proposed procedure as the majority of the required data is common in both levels. The main purpose of the integration between the levels is to increase the reliability of the results. Thus, the structure begins at project-level, which includes detailed information about the condition of the pavements. In this step, the homogeneous segments are well delimited and the use of correlation obtained variables is indicated. These elements allow the proposed interventions to be more assertive on a short-term period. The indicators selected for the connection between project-level and network-level come from direct measurements on the conditions of the pavements. It is more convenient to use variables that are in line with contractual requirements or performance indicators. At the network level, homogeneous segmentation is oriented to provide not detailed results but to consider the larger scale. That includes, from statistically point of view, performance variations, common on projections for the medium and long-term. For the procedure, analysis scenarios are elaborated, in line with policies, objectives, constraints, and other aspects that may influence the selection of strategies for pavements interventions. The expansion of the elements considered in the analysis, which results in the proposed level, includes specific studies on risks. The various risks involved in the management of roads have been deeply explored due to the increasing participation of private partners in concession contracts. Therefore, the risks are considered in the different levels of the organizations. From those risks, the ones that are related and imply in a greater impact in the management of pavements are elected. The case study conducted to present the procedure includes the analysis of three highways under concession of a PPP (Private Public Partnership), considering its specific characteristics and pavements conditions, and contractual requirements. From the case study it is possible to draw attention to important aspects of the analysis at a macro network-level, contributing to the construction of highly oriented systems.

Orientador: Rosio Fernández Baca Salcedo / Resumo: Um dos maiores desafios da sociedade brasileira é a resolução do déficit habitacional e a oferta de moradia popular com qualidade. Qualidade esta que entendemos pelo acesso facilitado aos equipamentos e serviços coletivos presentes em seu contexto, que são necessários à qualidade de habitação, como expressa a Carta de Atenas de 1933. Nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, a Prefeitura de São Paulo sob forte pressão popular para atender a demanda por moradia implementa os primeiros programas de habitação social no Centro: território com infraestrutura urbana consolidada, sede das principais instituições e órgãos públicos, do patrimônio histórico e cultural edificados no município. Dentre os programas de habitação social implementados, o mais recente é a Parceria Público-Privada (PPP) Habitacional da Agência Casa Paulista que objetiva a requalificação da ambiência do Centro histórico, mediante a implementação de empreendimentos de Habitação de Interesse Social (HIS) e Habitação de Mercado Popular (HMP). O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar a qualidade de habitação social do Programa PPP Habitacional e propor um instrumento de análise dessa qualidade em contextos históricos (Centro histórico e ambiência), através do estudo de caso do Residencial São Caetano: projeto novo de HIS construído pelo Programa PPP em 2016, e localizado no Bairro da Luz, no Distrito de Bom Retiro, na ambiência do Centro histórico de São Paulo. A metodologia proposta tem como base a fundamentação filosófica e teó... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: One of the big challenges for Brazilian society is the resolution of housing deficit and the offering of popular housing with quality. Quality that we understand by easy access to the collective equipment and services present in its context, which are necessary for the quality of housing according to the Athens Charter of 1933. In the 1980s and 1990s, under strong popular pressure to attend housing demand, the municipality of São Paulo implements the first social housing programs in the downtown area: territory with consolidated urban infrastructure, head office of the main public institutions and departments, of historical and cultural heritage built in the city. Among the social housing programs implemented, the latest one is the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Housing developed by the Casa Paulista Agency, which aims at the requalification of the ambience of São Paulo’s Historical Center with the construction of new buildings for social housing and popular market. The Dissertation aims to analyze the social housing quality of the PPP Housing Program and proposes an evaluation instrument of this quality applied in historical contexts (historical center and ambience), by using a case study of the Residencial São Caetano: a new social housing project built by the PPP Program in 2016, which is located in the Luz Neighborhood of the Bom Retiro District in the ambience of São Paulo’s Historical Center. The proposed methodology is based on the philosophical and theoretical found... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This study is about the perceptions, feelings, attitudes and knowledge of people towards government with regard to service delivery and participation with communities in order to accelerate social development. Government's enthusiasm to get things done often results in development not occurring at all. Entering into balanced partnerships with the private sector and communities needs to be explored a lot deeper. It must be borne in mind that people's attitudes, perceptions and feelings may differ according to the different strata of government. The study was undertaken to ascertain how people feel and thereby assess how effective government has been in the past seven years. This in turn will enable government to focus its efforts in the right direction. The study took into account various theoretical issues regarding the role of the state in developing a nation, the importance of knowledge and the management thereof as well as the changing face of development over the years. The shift in paradigm of the study of development is discussed as a matter of importance with structural adjustment programmes often resulting in slowed development and negative economic growth. Often schools of thought in development try to impose their thinking, but what this paper proposes is that schools of thought are not of importance here but quality of life in terms of social development and empowerment are. The study was conducted by means of three focus groups whereby each focus group had different characteristics. After the focus groups were conducted coding of the information gathered took place so as to facilitate analysis and interpretation. The study found that people are generally happy with the efforts of national government but that the delivery of service by regional and local government does not meet their expectations. It is also clear that the private and NGO sector seem to concentrate on the big urban townships whilst ignoring the plight of rural areas. The road ahead seems to indicate that consultation must take place and be improved with the communities as well as with big business who wish to develop their social responsibility programmes. It is recommended that local government be improved in terms of its effectiveness and responsiveness to its communities. Private sector must also re-assess its role in social development in the communities of its employees. The importance of this is then that government and private sector can work together in partnership in order to accelerate the pace of development. The credibility of government amongst the people as well as the reinforcement of democracy is at stake and the development of impoverished areas by ways of innovative strategies can only benefit all the peoples of our country. / Thesis (MA (Sociology))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Sociology / unrestricted

This thesis investigates the phenomenon of creative hubs in former industrial sites based upon the case study of Hub Criativo do Beato and its process of implementation in Lisbon, Portugal. The hub is explored in relation to political-cultural power embedded in the practice of globalism and public-private partnership. The empirical study represents a common case of creative hubs, but also indicates of a unique aspect of implementation as the decision-making process is shown to bypass the municipal planning department. Conflicting narratives between the rhetoric of the intermediary actor StartUp Lisboa and local concerned are analysed by given value-and-power questions of Flyvbjerg (2002) in relation to globalisation, the creative economy and neo-liberalisation. Data is collected through interviews with actors representing different perspectives and interest to the eastern riverside. Findings shows that globalisation is in the eye of the intermediary manager of the project as an opportunity to accumulate investments and knowledge for the city. The local economic practitioners portray an already ongoing entrepreneurial and global processes in the eastern riverside, and present opposed wishes for governmental involvement within the entrepreneurial and creative practice. The conclusion draws attention to the principal concern of the creative discourse taken for granted in practise. In this case, narratives show that Hub Criativo do Beato is carried out mainly for the city to compete on the global arena, without greater concern for the local context, which resulted in missing great opportunities to deal with challenges and local participation in the planning approach to the eastern riverside of Lisbon.

Sweden is going through a period of urbanization that has led to a deficit of housing, office space and public buildings. The ability for municipalities’ to enact their urban development plans has at the same time been curtailed compared to 30 years ago. The municipalities are more dependent on the market and on cooperation with private actors than before. In this study a new phenomenon in Swedish urban development is studied: large scale and long-term private-public partnerships between a municipality and one or two private actors. The study is performed through a case study of an agreement between Stockholm city and a private company in the meatpacking district of Stockholm and of an agreement between Huddinge municipality and a private company in Flemingsberg. The motivations for the collaborations, the goals of the municipalities and the private actors, their strategies and changes in institutional settings are studied. The research has been conducted through document studies and interview with officials from the municipalities and corporations. The result is analyzed by applying a theoretical framework where the motives and strategies are investigated in relation to how they navigate three different dilemmas in planning: (1) the tension between a demand or a supply led urban development, (2) between a closed and open notion of time and space, and (3) between specific or general regulations. The projects relation to risk and uncertainty is also studied. The institutional changes are studied through a framework developed from the new institutional theory where actions and decisions in the urban development process is analysed through the perspective of how institutional norms on three hierarchical levels is forming the urban development practice. The result shows that the studied cooperation mainly is motivated by the need to enhance implementation of the plans and to handle risks. The goal of the companies is to secure their future values by acting as an area developer. To reach these goals a more open notion of time and space and a more flexible regulatory framework is deployed. The consequence is that the municipalities transfer more responsibility to the private actors and that the municipalities at the same time take on a responsibility to create a market situation that makes the corporation provide public amenities through their business model. One conclusion is that planning is performed through the market and that the public actors have to be market-sensitive. The other conclusion is that planning has evolved in to a practice of planning through contracts. / Sverige är inne i en period av urbanisering med brist på bostäder, kontor och offentliga lokaler som följd. Samtidigt ser kommunernas möjligheter att genomföra sina stadsutvecklingsplaner annorlunda ut idag jämfört med 30 år sedan. Kommunerna är mer beroende av marknaden och samarbeten med privata aktörer. Denna studie studerar ett fenomen som uppstått de senaste åren: stora och långsiktiga samverkansprojekt mellan privata fastighetsbolag och kommuner. Genom en fallstudie av samarbetet mellan Atrium Ljungberg och Stockholms stad i Slakthusområdet och samarbetet mellan Fabege och Huddinge kommun i Flemingsberg studeras vad som motiverar dessa samarbeten, vilka mål aktörerna vill uppnå, vilka strategier de använder och vilka institutionella konsekvenser detta får. Med utgångspunkt i forskningen om hur den offentliga styrningen har förändrats mot större beroende av nätverk och kontrakt, om samverkan och privat-offentlig partnerskap och den svenska stadsutvecklingsmodellen har fallen studerats genom intervjuer med tjänstemän och bolagsrepresentanter samt dokumentstudier. Resultatet har analyserats genom att applicera ett teoretiskt ramverk där motiven och strategierna studerats utifrån hur de hanterar tre dilemman i planeringen: utbudsstyrd eller efterfrågansstyrd planering, öppen eller specifik rums- och tidsuppfattning och precisa eller generella regleringar. Samt hur de förhåller sig till risk och osäkerhet. De institutionella förändringarna studeras utifrån ett nyinstitutionellt ramverk: där handlade och beslut i planeringsprocessen betraktas utifrån tre hierarkiska nivåer av institutionella normer som begränsar och formar stadsutvecklingspraktiken. Resultaten visar att dessa samarbeten i huvudsak motiveras för att skapa genomförandekraft i stadsutvecklingen, möjliggöra en utveckling av kommersiella lokaler och kultur samt att hantera risker. Bolagens mål är att kunna säkra värden genom att agera områdesutvecklare. För att nå dessa mål appliceras en öppen rums- och tidsuppfattning och flexiblare regleringar där projekten styrs genom samarbetet. Det får till konsekvens att kommunerna för över större ansvar för helheten till de privata aktörerna och samtidigt tar på sig ett ansvar för att skapa en marknadssituation där bolagen kan leverera allmänna nyttigheter genom sin affärsmodell. En av slutsatsen är att dessa fall utgör exempel på hur planering i högre grad drivs genom marknaden och att kommunen därför måste vara känsliga för hur marknaden kan användas för att uppnå sina mål. En annan av studiens slutsatser är att planering i allt högre grad har utvecklats mot en slags planering genom kontrakt.

The paper discusses scientific approaches and technologies of interaction of business with authorities. In the first Chapter proved the relevance of the topic of the thesis. In the second Chapter the basic technology of Government Relations (GR) as applied to innovative companies of Ekaterinburg. The third Chapter describes the conducted study in innovative companies of Yekaterinburg, to identify the most popular technologies GR. Developed a strategy for the promotion of innovation as a specific GR-technology. Relying on the provisions of the thesis, it will be possible to use the tools of this technology in the scientific analysis of the problems of development of state and municipal management and in the practical sphere of increase of efficiency of interaction of business with authorities. / В работе рассмотрены научные подходы и технологии взаимодействия бизнеса с органами власти. В первой главе доказана актуальность темы диссертации. Во второй главе рассмотрены основные технологии Government Relations (GR) применительно к инновационным компаниям г. Екатеринбурга. В третьей главе описывается проведенное исследование в инновационных компаниях г. Екатеринбурга, для выявления наиболее популярных технологий GR. Разработана стратегия продвижения инноваций как специфическая GR-технология. Опираясь на положения диссертации, можно будет использовать инструментарий данной технологии как в научном анализе проблем развития государственного и муниципального управления, так и в практической сфере повышения эффективности взаимодействия бизнеса с органами власти.

The development of the TERRITORY THROUGH the mechanisms of the MUNICIPAL-the paper analyzes the economic background of using the mechanism of municipal-private partnership (MPP), are considered objective factors hindering and impeding the development of private law. Identify practical problems of development of the territory in implementing the mechanisms of the law. The article considers foreign experience of the use of MPP in the development of territories in the field of sports. It also analyzes the economic and investment potential of Berezovsky urban district and the feasibility of the MPP project in the field of extreme sports. Presented investment project on the construction of the Park extreme sports on the territory of Berezovsky urban district of the Sverdlovsk region through the implementation of the concession agreement. / В работе анализируются экономические предпосылки использования механизма муниципально-частного партнерства (МЧП), рассмотрены объективные факторы, тормозящие и препятствующие развитию МЧП. Определены практические проблемы развития территории при реализации механизмов МЧП. Рассмотрен зарубежный опыт использования МЧП при развитии территорий в сфере спорта. Также проводится анализ экономического и инвестиционного потенциала Березовского городского округа и возможности реализации проекта МЧП в сфере экстремальных видов спорта. Представлен инвестиционный проект строительства парка экстремальных видов спорта на территории Березовского городского округа Свердловской области путем реализации концессионного соглашения.

Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию действующей социальной жилищной политики в России. Предметом исследования выступают механизмы финансирования социального жилья в рамках проводимой жилищной политики. Цель исследования заключается в разработке рекомендаций по совершенствованию системы финансирования строительства социального жилья на основе государственно-частного партнерства. В заключении обозначены рекомендации по дальнейшему развитию социального жилья и способах финансирования его строительства с участием частных партнеров. / Final qualifying work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of current social housing policy in Russia. The subject of the research is the mechanisms of financing social housing in the context of the current housing policy. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for improving the system of financing the construction of social housing on the basis of public-private partnership. In conclusion, recommendations for the further development of social housing and ways to finance its construction with the participation of private partners are indicated.

This master thesis is written on behalf of KTH Royal Institute of Technology and the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI). The study investigates how infrastructure ownership could affect the transition from small-scale to large-scale electric road systems (ERS) and how infrastructure ownership affects the foreseen future roles of the ERS stakeholders. The authors have used a qualitative research method, including a literature study within the areas of infrastructure transitions and infrastructure ownership and a case study on ERS. Conclusions are based on the chosen theoretical framework and the empirical findings from conducted interviews within the following stakeholder segments; agencies, electric utilities, road carriers, construction firms and road power technology firms. The transport system is a large sociotechnical system, which is characterized by a high level of complexity, capital intensity and asset durability which makes it difficult to accomplish radical system transitions. Political regulations and progressive environmental targets have created a demand for new solutions within the transport system. One widely discussed, possible solution is ERS, which are considered to be beneficial from both an environmental and socio-economic perspective. The main identified barriers for a transition to ERS are related to the complex system design. Further, the matter of how the ERS infrastructure should be owned and financed remains unclear. It will be argued that the government needs to play a key role, both as a coordinator and financier, during the initial phase of an ERS expansion. In order to obtain a high level of competence, which is considered as vital, it is important with close cooperation between different public and private stakeholders and to have a procurement process which is strongly focused on functionality. The authors suggest that in order to decrease system complexity and increase stakeholder cooperation, cross-sectorial system suppliers should be formed. During an initial deployment of ERS towards a national system, it is suggested to only have one cross-sectorial system supplier which manages the constructions and operations of ERS, in order to decrease complexity and increase knowledge. As the system and technology matures and knowledge regarding ERS has been established, it is suggested by the authors to introduce competition at the cross-sectorial system supplier level nationally. There are many barriers for public private partnerships (PPP) during an initial expansion phase of ERS due to large investments, immature technology and the necessity for an overall control of a large-scale system. In addition, early investments in a large-scale system is considered as unattractive among private actors due to the high risks. However, it will be argued that PPP structures or private ownerships are suitable in closed systems as the level of complexity is lower. These systems should be subsidized by the government as they will drive innovation and stimulate the development. Depending on the degree of capital intensity and governmental regulations, PPP structures could become suitable also in a national system, when the system has matured. The suggested stakeholder structure with cross-sectorial system suppliers facilitates for a possible future PPP structure. / Denna masteruppsats är skriven på uppdrag av Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan och Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut (VTI). I studien undersöks hur ägarskap av infrastruktur skulle kunna påverka skiftet från småskaliga till storskaliga elvägssystem och hur ägarskapet av infrastrukturen påverkar de förutsedda framtida rollerna hos elvägssystemets intressenter. Författarna har använt sig av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod, vilken inkluderar en litteraturstudie inom områden för infrastrukturskiften och ägarskap av infrastruktur samt en fallstudie inom elvägssystem. Slutsatser är baserade på det valda teoretiska ramverket och de empiriska resultaten från de genomförda intervjuerna inom följande intressentsegment; myndigheter, energibolag, godstransportörer, konstruktionsfirmor och tillverkare av elvägsinfrastruktur. Transportsystemet är ett stort sociotekniskt system, vilket karakteriseras av en hög nivå av komplexitet, kapitalintensitet och lång livslängd på tillgångar, vilket gör det svårt att uppnå radikala systemskiften. Politiska regleringar och progressiva miljömål har skapat ett behov för nya lösningar inom transportsystemet. En diskuterad möjlig lösning är elvägssystem, vilket anses vara fördelaktigt både från ett miljömässigt och socioekonomiskt perspektiv. De huvudsakliga identifierade barriärerna för ett skifte till ett elvägssystem är relaterade till den komplexa systemdesignen. Vidare är frågan rörande hur infrastrukturen till ett elvägssystem ska ägas och finansieras fortfarande oklar. Det kommer att argumenteras för att staten behöver ha en nyckelroll, både som koordinator och finansiär, under den initiala expansionsfasen av ett elvägssystem. För att uppnå en hög nivå av kompetens, vilket anses vara avgörande, så är det viktigt med ett nära samarbete mellan olika statliga och privata intressenter och att ha en upphandlingsprocess som starkt fokuserar på funktionalitet. Författarna föreslår att för att minska systemets komplexitet och öka intressenternas samarbete, så borde tvärsektoriella systemleverantörer formas. Under en initial utbredning av elvägssystem mot ett nationellt system, så föreslås det att enbart ha en tvärsektoriell systemleverantör som sköter konstruktion och verksamhet av elvägssystemet för att minska komplexiteten och öka kunskapen. Allt eftersom att systemet och teknologin mognar och kunskap om elvägssystem etableras, så föreslår författarna att konkurrens ska introduceras på tvärsektoriell systemleverantörsnivå nationellt. Det finns många barriärer för offentlig-privat samverkan (OPS) under den initiala expansionsfasen av elvägssystem på grund av stora investeringar, omogen teknologi och behovet av övergripande kontroll i ett storskaligt system. Dessutom anses tidiga investeringar i ett storskaligt system vara oattraktivt hos de privata aktörerna på grund av de höga riskerna. Det kan dock argumenteras för att OPS-strukturer eller privat ägande är passande för slutna system då nivån av komplexitet är lägre. Dessa system borde subventioneras av staten då de kommer driva innovation och stimulera utvecklingen. Beroende på graden av kapitalintensitet och statliga regleringar, skulle OPS-strukturer också kunna vara lämpliga för ett nationellt system, när systemet har mognat. De föreslagna intressentstrukturerna med tvärsektoriella systemleverantörer underlättar för en möjlig framtida OPS-struktur