Public opinion regarding crime-related issues is a challenging matter for researchers and politicians alike. An ill-informed public with regards to crime, punishment and other aspects of the criminal justice system leads to discontent and demands for harsher policies to strengthen public safety. Politicians harness public opinion to secure votes, and this can result in punitive policies that are founded on erroneous beliefs. The objective of this study is to look more deeply into people’s attitudes towards crime and punishment, and to consider why Greek people hold the views that they do and how these views are constructed. A multi-method approach was adopted for the implementation of this study. Quantitative methods were used to map the scope of attitudes towards crime and punishment in Greece. Qualitative methods were then appropriate to analyse and explore how attitudes are constructed and investigate specific factors in more depth. Greek culture was found to be one of the core issues, and in this context the Greek Orthodox faith and the traditional tight Greek family unit indicate that the stronger are the Greek people’s adherence to their traditional religious and family values, the less punitive are their attitudes towards crime and punishment. However, factors such as the media, attitudes towards immigrants and the contemporary political scene were found to cause distorted perceptions, leading to lack of confidence in the Greek criminal justice system.

This thesis explores the circumstances leading up to and surrounding the executions of London Separatist leaders Henry Barrow and John Greenwood on 6 April, 1593. Occurring after a lengthy prison term punctuated by official examinations conducted by authorities, the executions took place only after the men had been twice reprieved, performed so early as to avoid a crowd yet still in the appointed place of public execution. Focusing on Henry Barrow and the London Separatists, this thesis explores how a national climate of fear and violence led to a greater crackdown on religious dissidents, and argues that the strange circumstances of Barrow’s execution might be attributed to a reluctance to punish a fellow Protestant in the same manner as a Catholic recusant, and the great differences of opinion among both ecclesiastical and temporal state officials regarding the punishment of religious dissent. Though Conformist officials and authoritarianism would ultimately triumph over Puritan efforts to speed reform in the Church of England, the case of Henry Barrow illustrates the fractured state of opinion which was present even among the highest reaches of government.

This essay is about capital punishment and mutilation in Ancient Egypt’s pharaonic era. The earlier research has mostly focused on the New Kingdom and later periods, in large part because the textual sources are much clearer from then on. There are however some earlier texts that seem to mention death penalty or mutilation, but correct analysis of these is debatable. Some scholars argue that death penalty certainly was used before New Kingdom, while others claim that this is not the case. These things combined contribute to the lack of knowledge of how these penalties were used. The goal of the present study is to elaborate on how and why the penalties were applied and if they were used before the New Kingdom. This is done by means of analyzing and comparing textual sources from different time periods. The material consists of inscriptions from tombs, stelae and juridical documents such as documentation from tomb robberies and the so-called Harem Conspiracy. The most important findings are that there are indicators, but no tangible evidence, for mutilation or capital punishment being used before New Kingdom. The New Kingdom material is indeed clearer and it is apparent that death penalty, in the form of impaling, was used as punishment for tomb robbery, conspiracy and rebellion against the king and theft from temple. Mutilation of the ears and the nose was used against those who abused their power or their confidence.

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The purpose of this study, is to explore whether or not prison sentences of less than a year, are appropriate, when judged from an individual preventive angle. This will be discovered through processing the interviews of a criminologist, a district prosecutor and a prison governor. Their expertise covers the areas of criminals, institution and crime prevention. Our data is drawn from parts of the theory about denial of freedom by Michel Foucault, who explores prison as an institution; the theory about prisonization by Donald Clemmer, who explored the process of socialization, that occurs when an individual goes to prison, and becomes a part of the prison sub culture; also the theory of moral sociology by Èmile Durkheim, who defines what we call a society, the basis of moral action and how these two interact. The result showed that prison sentences of less than a year are not appropriate, when judged from an individual preventive angel. Though judged from a general preventive angle, it can be seen as appropriate. / Studien syftar till att undersöka om fängelse som påföljd, gällande straff kortare än ett år, är ändamålsenligt utifrån ett individualpreventivt perspektiv. Detta uppnås genom tre kvalitativa intervjuer med en kriminolog, en kammaråklagare och en anstaltschef som utifrån deras olika yrkesroller bidrar med expertis inom det valda området. Empirin tolkas sedan utifrån delar av teorin om den frihetsberövande sanktionen av Michel Foucault som tittar närmare på fängelset som institution; teorin om prisonisering av Donald Clemmer, som tar fakta på den socialiseringsprocess som sker med individen när denne hamnat i fängelse och anammat en del av fängelsets subkultur, samt utifrån moralsociologin av Émile Durkheim som beskriver vad som utmärker ett samhälle, vad som är grunderna för ett moraliskt handlande och hur dessa två samspelar med varandra. Resultatet visade att fängelsestraff kortare än ett år ur ett individualpreventivt perspektiv inte är ändamålsenligt. Däremot kan det ur ett allmänpreventivt syfte verka avskräckande för samhällets övriga medborgare.

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit (L.L.M.)" / Cette étude a pour but de démontrer l'attitude paradoxale du gouvernement canadien relativement à sa politique visant l'impunité dans le traitement des criminels de guerre. Dans les faits, il appert qu'il s'abstient de punir ces criminels en vertu du droit criminel et les soumet plutôt aux procédures d'immigration et de citoyenneté qui permettent leur déportation et leur dénaturalisation. Cette étude propose une revue de l'historique menant à l'adoption par le gouvernement fédéral de la politique d'impunité des criminels de guerre. Elle comprendra l'état de la politique à la suite de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le rapport de la Commission Deschênes, de même que le changement de stratégie adoptée par le gouvernement à la suite de la décision dans l'affaire Finta. Par la suite, une étude comparée du droit de l'immigration, de la citoyenneté et du droit criminel sera de mise afin de cibler les différences dans les processus de traitement des criminels de guerre. Nous constaterons alors pourquoi il est plus facile pour le gouvernement de traiter les criminels de guerre en vertu du droit de l'immigration et de la citoyenneté, et nous serons alors en mesure d'évaluer les consternantes conséquences de ce choix. / The main goal of this study is to demonstrate the paradoxal behavior of the Canadian government regarding its impunity policy towards the treatment of war criminals. In reality, it appears that the Canadian government does not choose to punish them using criminal law processes but uses the immigration and citizenship laws instead, therefore enabling deportation and denaturalization of these criminals. This study proposes an historical review that leads to the Canadian government's choice of using impunity as a general policy towards war criminals. The review will present the state of this policy in the aftermath of World War II, the Deschênes Commission report, and final1y, the strategy change made by the federal govemment fol1owing the juridical decision made in the Finta case. For the last part, it seems appropriate to present a comparative study between immigration, citizenship and criminallaws. This comparative exercice will target the main differences between those different processes of war criminal treatments. By doing so, we will be able to assess with more accuracy negative consequences ofthis particular choice.

The primary goal of this paper is to investigate the phenomenon of a dream, a desire, or an idea transpiring in the thoughts of an individual, growing in importance to the individual, and finally becoming an idée fixe, or irresistible idea, which cannot be suppressed by the individual. The investigation will be concerned with the two of Dostoevsky's heroes who best exemplify the phenomenon.

Presented thesis deals with the everyday life of the 16th and 17th century in the royal town of Slaný in the central Bohemia. It recounts the eventful history of the city from its prehistoric beginnings to the present. Focus is the fourth and fifth chapter. The fourth chapter discusses the type sof criminal offenses and punishment for them in the early modern period grant. This includes offenses against life and healthy, against property, against morality and honor. This section we also learn about dishonest professions. The fifth chapter describes the everyday concerns of people at the time - the need to belong, cocern for the livelihood, concern for subsistence but also financial matters. Full text concludes humorous incident that happened in 1604.

The title of the thesis is "The Community Service Punishment and the Execution Thereof". It analyses the alternative community service punishment not only as governed by Czech legal system, but also as covered by legal regulation of this type of punishment in other states. The thesis further describes the relation of the community service punishment to other forms of alternative punishment which are applicable under the Czech legal system and its significance therein. It also covers the topic of the community service punishment according to the doctrine of restorative justice. The thesis includes a brief history of the community service punishment regulation since the middle ages up to nowadays. The goal of the thesis consists in thorough study of the substantive and procedural regulation of the community service punishment not only as set forth by the new Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code, but also as set forth by implementing laws, like e.g. the Probation and Mediation Service Law. The thesis further analyses the execution of the community service punishment as seen from the point of view of all respective actors involved. The thesis comprises eleven chapters. One of the main chapters deals with the de lege ferenda consideration. In cooperation with a Probation and Mediation Service...

Resumé The right to life and the capital punishment Death penalty or capital punishment, or extreme penalty, is a punishment that assumes killing (or execution) of condemned person for a criminal offence provided it is possible to impose this sentence in accordance with the criminal law in force. At former times these crimes were called capital or hanging crimes. With regard to its definitiveness (impossibility of any redress after its execution) it is very controversial punishment. Its supporters argue that it is the sole just sentence for homicide and other felonies, that it excludes recurrence and it has significant deterrent (preventive) effects. On the other hand, the opponents allege not only moral arguments concerning the right of each person to life but they also mention the danger of judicial error which is incorrigible in this case. Furthermore, the objectors point out that the death sentence is not so intimidating. In addition, the costs of the execution use to be more expensive than life imprisonment. Since 1970s the capital punishment has been gradually cancelled in the majority of European and South American countries. Some states of the USA and the People's Republic of China are among countries that still make practise of the death penalty. I deal with the capital sentence in the first part...