Establishing discipline in the contemporary classroom is a challenge to most educators. The real challenge lies in the implementation of discipline measures and procedures that uphold order in the classroom with understanding and compassion and more importantly, in the development of self-discipline in learners. The researcher adopted a qualitative approach to understand the phenomenon classroom discipline and to answer the research questions that sought to explore the meaning that is attached to the word “discipline” by individual educators, the challenges that educators are faced with in their classrooms, as well as the discipline strategies that they employ to establish discipline. A case study involving three high schools was conducted. Data was collected through interviews and observations. It has emerged in the findings that educators face a daily struggle in terms of establishing discipline in their classrooms; educators attach different meanings to the word “discipline” and the meaning that individual educators attach to “discipline” impacts on their choice of discipline strategies. Most of the discipline strategies employed by educators are control-oriented and thus hinge on rewards and punishment. The study also revealed that when these control-oriented strategies are employed to establish discipline, learners engage in various coping mechanisms, which ultimately render these strategies ineffective, and thus minimise any chance the child has to develop self-discipline. Essentially, learners who have been coerced usually show very little self-control when they are outside the influence of the controller. Recommendations based on findings and conclusions of this study are discussed and revolve mainly around the use of proactive discipline strategies that are geared to promote self-discipline and thus inner control. The recommendations outline proactive discipline strategies that could be employed by educators to establish discipline in their classrooms and suggest the creation of a good educator-learners relationship, the empowerment of learners to be in charge of their behaviour, responsibility training, inculcation of values, character development, modelling good behaviour, and strengthening of partnership with parents and other support structures in behaviour management. Benchmarking for best practices with other schools and conducting internal workshops for educators to share classroom discipline issues and solutions, as well as skills development programmes for training and development of educators are recommended. The study hopes to contribute to the existing body of knowledge and will be useful to educators by enabling them to find more constructive ways of building a culture of discipline among learners. It will also help educators develop personal systems of discipline tailored to their individual philosophies as well as to the needs and social realities of their schools and communities. / Dissertation (MEd (Education Management, Law and Policy Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (DPhil (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

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O trabalho dedica-se ao estudo da periculosidade e das formas de controle social que são ativadas por essa noção na atualidade. A abordagem recupera o contexto de surgimento do conceito de periculosidade no âmbito da psiquiatria e sua cooptação pelo sistema jurídico, processo que foi facilitado pela natureza da penalidade moderna, que se desenvolve a partir da constituição de um saber sobre o indivíduo submetido à intervenção estatal. Procura-se demonstrar de que maneira a periculosidade é reinventada e instrumentalizada para justificar certas modalidades de controle social voltadas para aqueles que cometem crimes e que não são necessariamente remetidos ao aparato punitivo, operação que torna ainda mais insidiosa a atuação do Estado. Por intermédio da análise de um caso recente é possível verificar a mobilização do dispositivo da periculosidade, usado para constituir a exceção e legitimar medidas expressivas que restam por colocar em risco o Estado de direito. / This work is devoted to the study of dangerousness and the ways of social control that are by this concept put in motion nowadays. This approach unveils the context in which the concept of dangerousness emerges within the psychiatric realm and its cooptation by the juridical system. This process was eased by the nature of modern penality, which development starts with the building of knowledge on the individual subject to state intervention. It aims to demonstrate in which ways dangerousness is reinvented and instrumentalized in order to justify certain types of social control directed to those who commit crimes and are not necessarily sent to punitive apparatus. This operation makes even more insidious the action perpetrated by the state. Through the analysis of a recent case it is possible to perceive how the dispositive of dangerousness is manipulated and used to constitute the exception and to legitimate expressive measures which endanger the state of law.

This paper (will conduct) a content analysis on the bill put forward by the Swedish government in 1978 that advised for legislation against corporal punishment in Sweden. The analysis will use coding to discover the motives behind the bill what institutions and people that were used as instruments, and which institutions and organisations that were delegated the responsibility to uphold and protect these rights. Additionally, there will be a presentation of the history and background of children’s rights in the “western world” and in Sweden. In the case of Sweden, the social and political structures that exist as a result of the social reforms in the twentieth century will also be presented. Furthermore, social democratic, liberal, and feminist theory will be used in the study of the bill to uncover the limitations that the legislation holds on children’s rights in Sweden.

The researcher aimed to investigate the laws and policies regulating the use of corporal punishment in Swaziland schools by benchmarking these against HRL, and to investigate the non-compliance of selected schools in the Hhohho and Manzini regions with these legal prescripts. This was done in the two participating schools in the study. The study employed the qualitative approach, using two cases to source the information from the participants. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect the data from the participants. The principals and their deputies were interviewed, whilst the teachers and learners responded to questionnaires. The literature review revealed that the teachers tend not to adhere to the prescripts in respect of the abuse of corporal punishment. The literature review focusing on the Swaziland situation brought to light that the teachers go beyond the legal prescripts when administering corporal punishment. The results indicated that in Swaziland corporal punishment is legal while, according to the Human Rights Law, it is a crime. The study indicated that teachers do not adhere to the legal prescripts on corporal punishment. Of the ten requirements for corporal punishment, the teachers complied fully with only two. It was also found that the teachers were not conversant with the legal prescripts. Some of the requirements did not seem viable to them to comply with. The researcher recommended that the Swaziland Constitution be aligned with the Human Rights Law, and that principals monitor the abuse of corporal punishment. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

House arrest punishment, its enforcement and control The submitted diplom thesis aimed to analyze the legal regulation of house arrest within the Czech legal system, as an alternative punishment. This diplom thesis contains a total of seven consecutive chapters, the first contains the definition of basic criminal law concepts that are needed to understand the issue, especially the concept of punishment, the concept of alternative measures and the system of punishments and alternative measures and principles of sentencing. Another term, which is defined in this chapter, is the concept of restorative justice, which is then widely worked on in other parts of the thesis. In the second chapter, the diploma thesis deals specifically with the sentence of house arrest, when this topic opens the issue of the crisis of unconditional imprisonment, which is of great importance for the future application of alternative measures. The next step in the second chapter is to describe the history of house arrest, both abroad and specifically in the Czech Republic. The following is a definition of the essence of the house arrest sentence itself and the legal conditions for imposing a house arrest sentence. A related topic is the execution of house arrest, for which a separate chapter has been set. In the chapter,...

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Law Ing. Viera Krajňáková THE ISSUES OF EXCEPTIONAL PUNISHMENT Diploma thesis Abstract The Supervisor of Diploma thesis: doc. JUDr. Jana Tlapák Navrátilová, Ph.D. Department of Criminal Law Date of elaboration of Diploma thesis (closing the manuscript): 6. 9. 2021 THE ISSUES OF EXCEPTIONAL PUNISHMENT ABSTRACT The diploma thesis is focused on the description and evaluation of the basic forms of exceptional punishment, as they are known by the Czech legal system and legal systems of selected European states. The introductory part deals with the meaning and purpose of the institution of punishment as such and the basic streams of thought dealing with the justification of punishment as an intentional harm caused to the offender for the committed crime. The second part of the thesis analyzes the historical development of the types of punishments in relation to the development of its function, from various physical punishments through the death penalty to the modern imprisonment of a limited duration or for life. In the following sections, I tried to describe and evaluate the death penalty itself from the point of view of its conformity with the basic human rights, from the point of view of arguments presented by retentionists and abolitionists, its current use in various...

Problematics of extraordinary punishment - Abstract The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview about a criminal law's legal institute of the extraordinary punishment. In this thesis I will comprise historical development of this legal institute and its connection with the death penalty. The first chapter is focused on defining the concept of punishment and its purpose, along with punishment theories. I will compare both theories with the extraordinary punishment. Subsequently I will deal with the historical development of punishment in the Czech republic in general, and than focus on the strictest penalties and finally I will represent historical develompent of the extraordinary punishment. The third chapter deals with the death penalty and its context. At the beginning I will shortly mention the history of the death penalty and than I will introduce situation in the world about the death punishment. Mostly this chapter analysis the arguments of supporter and opponents of the death penalty. In the fourth chapter I will deal with international sources that influenced the national adjustment of exceptional punishment primarily on the performance of imprisonment. The fifth part of my work will be based on the definition of substantive and processing provisions of the national adjustment of...