• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 49
  • 41
  • 16
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 3
  • 3
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 139
  • 32
  • 30
  • 27
  • 20
  • 19
  • 18
  • 18
  • 18
  • 17
  • 15
  • 13
  • 12
  • 11
  • 10
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Exploração da diversidade bacteriana de esponjas marinhas por abordagens dependente e independente de cultivo / Bioprospecting the bacterial diversity of marine sponges by culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches

Danilo Tosta Souza 08 November 2016 (has links)
Este estudo descreve a diversidade e composição das comunidades bacterianas associadas a cinco esponjas marinhas, e o potencial destes microrganismos como produtores de substâncias bioativas com propriedades fungicidas. As esponjas vivem em simbiose com microrganismos que apresentam alto interesse ecológico, evolutivo e biotecnológico. Contudo, este sistema microbiano permanece pobremente entendido. Para totalmente compreender a biologia desses animais é necessário descrever os fatores ecológicos e evolutivos influenciando a estrutura e dinâmica de sua microbiota. Nesta tese é defendida a hipótese de que a composição taxonômica e estrutura das comunidades bacterianas se correlaciona com o parentesco filogenético de seus hospedeiros. Neste trabalho, as comunidades bacterianas associadas às esponjas Aplysina fulva, Aiolochroia crassa, Chondrosia collectrix, Didiscus oxeata e Scopalina ruetzleri foram examinadas usando a plataforma Ion torrent para sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA. A água do mar circundante aos espécimes foram coletadas para comparações com a microbiota de esponjas. As análises detectaram um complexo e específico sistema microbiano vivendo em esponjas, com as unidades taxonômicas operacionais dominantes classificadas nos filos: Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria e Gemmatimonadetes. Apesar da ocorrência simpátrica dos espécimes, as comunidades bacterianas diferiram significativamente entre as espécies de esponjas e a água do mar. Contudo, foi observado que as comunidades bacterianas habitando esponjas filogeneticamente mais próximas (A. fulva e A. crassa) são mais similares uma para com a outra, do que quando comparado com as comunidades em um táxon mais distante filogenitacamente (C. collectrix). O isolamento de bactérias foi realizado nas esponjas D. oxeata e S. ruetzleri. Cinquenta e seis linhagens foram isoladas e classificadas em três filos: Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria e Firmicutes. As análises filogenéticas indicaram cinco possíveis novas espécies bacterianas. Com base na taxonomia polifásica, um dos isolados, denominado ASPSP 40, foi caracterizado como pertencente a uma nova espécie do gênero Saccharopolyspora, para qual o nome Saccharopolyspora spongiae sp. nov. foi proposto. Dois isolados bacterianos demonstraram forte atividade antagônica contra as seguintes espécies de Pythium: P. aphanidermatum, P. graminicola e P. ultimum. Os metabólitos secundários desses isolados, assim identificados como pertencentes aos gêneros Terrabacter sp. ASPSP 140 e Bacillus sp. ASPSP 434, foram identificados por LC-MS/MS como sendo uma mistura de dipepitídeos cíclicos pertencentes à classe das dicetopiperazinas (DKP). Este é o primeiro relato da atividade fungicida e, consequentemente, a detecção de DKP a partir do gênero Terrabacter. / This study describes the diversity of associated bacterial communities to five marine sponges, and the potential of these microorganisms as producers of bioactive substances with fungicidal properties. Sponges live in symbiosis with microorganisms that have a high ecological interest, evolutionary and biotechnological. However, this microbial system remains poorly understood. To fully understand sponge biology, it is necessary to describe the ecological and evolutionary factors that influence the structure and dynamics of their microbial communities. In this work, it is supported the hypothesis that the taxonomic composition and structure of bacterial communities correlate with phylogenetic relatedness of their corresponding hosts. Bacterial communities associated with the sponges Aplysina fulva, Aiolochroia crassa, Chondrosia collectrix, Didiscus oxeata and Scopalina ruetzleri were examined using the Ion Torrent platform for partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Seawater surrounding specimens were collected for comparisons. The analysis detected a complex and specific microbial system living in sponges, with the operational taxonomic units dominant classified in the phyla: Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes. Despite sympatric occurrence of the specimens, the studied sponges presented different bacterial compositions that differed from those observed in seawater. However, lower dissimilarities in bacterial communities were clearly observed within sponges from the same phylogenetic group (A. fulva and A. crassa). Isolation of bacteria was done from the sponges D. oxeata and S. ruetzleri. Fifty-six strains were isolated and classified into three phyla: Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated five possible novel bacterial species. Based in a polyphasic taxonomy approach, one of the isolates denominated ASPSP 40 was identified as belonging to a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora for which the name, Saccharopolyspora spongiae sp. nov. has been proposed. All bacterial isolates were evaluated by their antagonisms against Pythium species. Two of them, Terrabacter sp. ASPSP 140 and Bacillus sp. ASPSP 434 demonstrated strong potential in inhibiting the following species P. aphanidermatum, P. ultimum and P. graminicola. The bioactive secondary metabolites of both, characterized by LC-MS/MS, were identified as a mixture of cyclic dipepitides belonging to the class of diketopiperazine (DKP). This is the first report of fungicidal activity, and thus the detection of DKP of the genus Terrabacter.
92

Ação antifúngica dos óleos essenciais de Origanum vulgare e Rosmarinus officinalis frente a isolados de Pythium insidiosum e Dermatófitos / Antifungal action of essential oils of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis against isolates of Pythium insidiosum and Dermatophytes

Fonseca, Anelise Oliveira da Silva 10 March 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_anelise_fonseca.pdf: 491914 bytes, checksum: 8a83df75d47a2e939c6105d239739d8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-10 / This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antifungal essential oils of Origanum vulgare (oregano) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary). The oils were analyzed by gas chromatography and identified by comparison with the retention time of standards. To evaluate the antifungal activity method was used in broth, and used nine isolates of dermatophytes and nine isolates of Pythium insidiosum from clinical cases in animals. The oils were subjected to a series of ten dilutions in logarithm base 2, in RPMI 1640, resulting in concentrations from 30 to 0, 03 μlmL-1. The microplates were incubated at 32°C for 72 h and susceptibility was expressed by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The main oil constituents R. officinalis were camphor (51.52%), verbenone (11.84%), 1,8-cineole (8.94%), myrcene (4.50%), α-terpineol (4.39%) and borneol (2.68%) and O. vulgare were 4-terpineol (27.67%), gamma-terpinene (4.10%), thymol (0.58%) and carvacrol (21.58%). For dermatophytes the MIC R. Officinallis ranged from 30 to 3 μ/lmL and O. vulgare varied from 3 to 0.3 μL/ml. In the case of P. insidiosum MIC R. Officinallis ranged from 3 to 1.5 μl/mL and O. vulgare varied from 3 to 0.75 μl/mL. According to the results obtained, it can be argued that the tested oils have antifungal activity on dermatophytes and P. insidiosum. The results should stimulate further research, especially in relation to P. insidiosum, as yet no effective treatment is available. / O presente estudo teve como objetivos determinar a composição química e avaliar a ação antifúngica dos óleos essenciais de Origanum vulgare (orégano) e Rosmarinus officinalis (alecrim). Os óleos foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa e identificados por comparação com o tempo de retenção de padrões. A avaliação da atividade antifúngica foi realisado o método de microdiluição em caldo, sendo utilizados nove isolados de dermatófitos e nove isolados de Pythium insidiosum provenientes de casos clínicos em animais. Os óleos foram submetidos a uma série de dez diluições em logaritmo de base 2, no meio RPMI 1640, obtendo-se concentrações de 30- 0,03μl/mL. As microplacas foram incubadas a 32ºC por 72 h e a susceptibilidade foi expressa pela concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). Os principais constituintes dos óleos de R. oficinalis foram cânfora (51,52%), verbenona (11,84%), 1,8-cineol (8,94%), mirceno (4,50%), α-terpineol (4,39%) e borneol (2,68%) e para o O. vulgare foram 4-terpineol (27,67%), gama-terpineno (4,10%), timol (0,58%) e carvacrol (21,58%). Para os Dermatófitos o CIM do R. Officinallis variou entre 30 a 3 μl/ml e para o O. vulgare variou entre 3 a 0,3 μl/mL. No caso do P. insidiosum o CIM do R. Officinallis variou entre 3 a 1,5 μl/ml e para o O. vulgare variou entre 3 a 0,75 μl/mL. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que o óleos testados apresentam atividade antifúngica em dermatófitos e P. insidiosum. Os resultados estimulam novos estudos, especialmente em relação a P. insidiosum, já que ainda não está disponível nenhum tratamento eficaz.
93

Avaliação do sistema purinérgico na pitiose experimental em coelhos tratados com imunoterápico / Evaluation of the purinergic system in rabbits with experimental pythiosis treated by immunotherapy

Bach, Barbara Charlotte 19 December 2012 (has links)
Pythiosis is a disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum that affects horses, cattle, sheep, cats and humans, and occurs in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. In horses the lesions are characterized by ulcerative eosinophilic granulomas. Most drugs are ineffective against this pathogen and immunotherapy has shown promise in the regression of the disease, even without the complete elucidation of the immune mechanisms involved. The purinergic system via adenine nucleotides (ATP and ADP) and its derivated nucleoside (adenosine), plays an important role in modulating the immune and inflammatory responses. Once released by cells, nucleotides interact with specific receptors and their extracellular concentrations are controlled by a group of ecto-enzymes, among which are ENTPDase (ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase) and ADA (adenosine deaminase). Taking into account the importance of immunotherapy in the treatment of pythiosis and a possible involvement of purinergic signaling in the immune response, the activities of E-NTPDase and E-ADA were evaluated in lymphocytes of rabbits with experimental pythiosis. For disease induction, zoospores were inoculated, subcutaneously, in the lateral region of the torax of each rabbit. These animals were evaluated weekly and the nodular area (cm2) developed was determined after 28 days of inoculation. Animals with experimental pythiosis, confirmed by enzyme immunoassay and the development of characteristic lesions, were treated with immunotherapy, whereas the ratio between the enzymatic activity in lymphopcytes and the consequent triggered immune response was investigated. Animals that did not develop lesions and those from the control group showed the same pattern of ectoenzymatic activity. E-NTPDase activity in lymphocytes of rabbits with experimental pythiosis was significantly higher (p<0,001) in relation to ATP hydrolysis (about 100%) and may be related to decreased (p<0,05) serum ATP (54,04%), when compared to the control group. After immunotherapeutic treatment, the activity of E-NTPDase showed similar values to those observed on the day of inoculation. Moreover, rabbits with experimental pythiosis showed a significant decrease (p<0,01) in the activity of E-ADA (82,36%), and this would lead to a significant increase in the extracellular concentration of adenosine (2,51 times), in relation to the control group (p<0,01). After immunotherapy, this group of animals showed a significant increase in the activity of E-ADA (78,62%) (p<0,01). Through this study, it can be observed that an increased activity of E-ADA, during pythiosis, leads to extracellular regulation of ATP and adenosine concentration. As a result, low levels of extracellular ATP could activate P2Y receptors, while high levels of extracellular adenosine may activate A2A and/or A2B receptors, triggering a TH2 response, responsible for the tissue damage generated by infection. After immunotherapy, it can be observed an inversion in the behaviour of the enzymatic activities, stimulating a TH1 response in the host. The switch from a TH2 response, responsible for the injuries that occur on pythiosis, to a TH1 response, is the most accepted hypothesis to explain the healing properties of immunotherapy. Thus, it is suggested the involvement of purinergic system in the pattern of immune response that occurs during pythiosis and after immunotherapy. / A pitiose é uma doença causada pelo oomiceto Pythium insidiosum que acomete equinos, bovinos, ovinos, felinos e seres humanos, e ocorre em regiões tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas. Em equinos as lesões são caracterizadas por granulomas eosinofílicos ulcerados. A maioria das drogas antifúngicas é ineficaz contra este patógeno e a imunoterapia tem se mostrado promissora na regressão da doença, mesmo sem a elucidação completa dos mecanismos imunes envolvidos. O sistema purinérgico, através dos nucleotídeos de adenina (ATP e ADP) e seu derivado nucleosídeo (adenosina), desempenha um importante papel na modulação da resposta imune e inflamatória. Uma vez liberados pelas células, os nucleotídeos interagem com receptores específicos e suas concentrações extracelulares são controladas por um grupo de ecto-enzimas, entre as quais estão a E-NTPDase (Ecto-Nucleosídeo Trifosfato Difosfoidrolase) e ADA (adenosina desaminase). Levando-se em conta a importância da imunoterapia no tratamento da pitiose e uma possível participação da sinalização purinérgica na resposta imune, foram avaliadas as atividades das ecto-enzimas NTPDase e ADA em linfócitos de coelhos com pitiose experimental. Para a indução da doença, zoósporos foram inoculados por via subcutânea, na região lateral do tórax, de cada coelho. Os coelhos inoculados foram avaliados semanalmente e a área nodular (cm2) desenvolvida foi determinada após 28 dias da inoculação. Os animais com pitiose experimental, confirmada por teste imunoenzimático e pelo desenvolvimento de lesão característica, foram tratados com imunoterápico, sendo que a relação entre as atividades enzimáticas nos linfócitos e o tipo de resposta imune foi investigada. Os animais que não desenvolveram lesão e os animais do grupo controle mostraram o mesmo padrão de atividade das ectoenzimas. A atividade da E-NTPDase nos linfócitos dos coelhos com pitiose experimental mostrou-se significativamente maior (p<0,001) em relação à hidrólise de ATP (em cerca de 100%), podendo estar relacionada à diminuição (p<0,05) da concentração sérica de ATP (54,04%), quando comparado ao grupo controle. Após o tratamento com o imunoterápico, a atividade da E-NTPDase apresentou valores semelhantes aqueles observados no dia da inoculação. Por outro lado, os coelhos com pitiose experimental apresentaram uma diminuição significativa (p<0,01) na atividade da E-ADA (82,36%), o que levaria a um importante aumento na concentração extracelular de adenosina (2,51 vezes) em relação ao grupo controle (p<0,01). Após a imunoterapia, este grupo de animais apresentou um aumento significativo na atividade da E-ADA (78,62%) (p<0,01). Através deste estudo, podese observar que a atividade aumentada da E-NTPDase e a atividade diminuída da E-ADA, durante a pitiose, levam à regulação da concentração do ATP e da adenosina no meio extracelular. Em conseqüência, baixos níveis extracelulares de ATP poderiam ativar receptores P2Y, enquanto, altos níveis de adenosina poderiam ativar receptores A2A e/ou A2B desencadeando uma resposta TH2, responsável pelos danos teciduais gerados na infecção. Com a imunoterapia, pode-se observar uma inversão no comportamento das atividades enzimáticas, estimulando uma resposta TH1 no hospedeiro. A mudança de uma resposta TH2, responsável pelas lesões que ocorrem na pitiose, para um padrão de resposta TH1, é hipótese mais aceita para explicar as propriedades curativas da imunoterapia. Dessa forma, sugere-se a participação do sistema purinérgico no padrão de resposta imune que ocorre durante a pitiose e após a imunoterapia.
94

Evaluation of native rhizosphere bacteria for use as biological control agents against Pythium aphanidermatum root rot of European greenhouse cucumbers

Rankin, Lynda January 1992 (has links)
No description available.
95

Lettuce stunt : effect of Pythium populations and interactions between Pythium tracheiphilum and nematodes

Gracia, Javier January 1989 (has links)
No description available.
96

Microflora in the root environment of hydroponically grown tomato : methods for assessment and effects of introduced bacteria and Pythium ultimum /

Khalil, Sammar. January 2001 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.
97

Lettuce stunt : effect of Pythium populations and interactions between Pythium tracheiphilum and nematodes

Gracia, Javier January 1989 (has links)
This research has focused on the determination of natural populations in the fields, the effect of different inoculum densities on lettuce growth and a study of the association of this fungus with two nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans Cobb and Meliodogyne hapla Chitwood). Under conditions of artificial infestation of soil the results were satisfactory, but in trials with naturally infested soil the fungus could not be detected. The effect of different inoculum densities was measured at different stages of growth, and only in those plants inoculated 2 weeks after seeding were differences significant and consistent. Some evidence of the detrimental effect of wounding the root system prior to attack by the fungus led to studies of the relationship between this fungus with either P. penetrans or M. hapla. In the first case a negative interaction seemed to exist; no significant increase of the damage caused to the lettuce was observed. In contrast, when the root-knot nematodes and P. tracheiphilum were combined there was a marked reduction of lettuce growth. The interaction was found to be additive.
98

Evaluation of native rhizosphere bacteria for use as biological control agents against Pythium aphanidermatum root rot of European greenhouse cucumbers

Rankin, Lynda January 1992 (has links)
Thirty-two isolates of rhizosphere bacteria, selected for their ability to inhibit zoospore germination and/or mycelial growth of Pythium aphanidermatum (Pa) in vitro, were evaluated in a test tube bioassay using cucumber c.v. 'Straight 8'. These isolates were identified as Psedudomonas corrugata (Pc13 or 35) and P. fluorescens (Pf15, 16 or 27). All but one of the five isolates effectively colonised the roots of cucumber plants in short term studies. Isolates 15 and 35 were found to maintain high population densities throughout the time period. Pa-inoculated plants treated with the Pc13 or Pf15 produced fruit yields equal to 92 and 74% respectively of the control (no Pa, no bacteria). Pa-inoculated plants without bacteria yielded only 46% of the control. In the fall crop, Pa-inoculated plants treated with Pc13 or Pf15 yielded 52 and 47% of the control compared to Pa-only treatment, which yielded 12.5% of the control. In both crops, treatment with any of the bacterial isolates resulted in significantly reduced cull rates compared to the Pa-only treatment.
99

Some effects of air-filled porosity on the suppression of damping-off of seedlings by pythium ultimatum in compost amended potting media /

Lainà, Rosetta. January 1997 (has links)
Thesis: M.Sc. (Hons.)--University of Western Sydney, Macarthur. Faculty of Business and Technology. 1997. / References: 141-153.
100

Abiotic and biotic factors in the nutrient solution and filter skin (Schmutzdecke) of slow filters integrated to closed hydoponic greenhouse : potential predictors for assessment of efficacy /

Furtner, Bernhard, January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Licentiatavhandling (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Page generated in 0.0489 seconds