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An important number of Canadian dairy farms manage their manure as solids and in doing so, must handle large volumes of manure seepages and milk house wastewater (dairy farm effluent-DFE). The present project adapted surface irrigation as a more economical and sustainable method of disposing of this large volume of DFE on cropped land near their storage facility. The experimental surface irrigation system consisted of a gated pipe installed perpendicular to the slope of the field allowing the discharged DFE to run down the slope. / The adaptation of the system and the measurement of its environmental impact were conducted on two dairy farms, A and B, in the region South West of Montreal where their DFE were characterized. In 2003 and 2004, DFE was applied on one of two 0.5 and 0.3ha plots, on each farm, to observe losses through the subsurface drainage system, by means of sampling wells, and effects on soil nutrient levels. / The DFE collected in 2002 and 2003 had a lower nutrient content than that collected in 2004 because of higher precipitations. The DFE generally contained between 150-500 mg/L of TKN, 15 to 40 mg/L of TP and 500 to 700 mg/L of TK. / DFE losses through the subsurface drainage system were observed on both farms during each irrigation test. Nevertheless, outlet losses were observed only when irrigating under wet soil conditions or when applying more than 50mm of DFE. Outlet losses represented at the most 1.2% of the total DFE volume applied and 0.32% of the nutrient and bacterial loads. / Although only 65 to 75% of the soil surface was covered by the applied DFE, the irrigation sessions did provide some additional soil moisture for crops, increasing yield by 31% in 2004. Once absorbed by the soil, the applied DFE did not increase the soil nutrient level and variability in the presence of crop. Thus, the DFE contributed to the irrigation and fertilization of the plots. / Surface irrigation to spread low nutrient DFE, as compared to the conventional tanker system reduced the application costs from $3.05/m3, to $0.95/m3.

This thesis examines the role of Armenian community centres, in relation to the local dwelling place of Montreal, the distant homeland, and the rest of the Armenian diaspora. Due to the staggering increase in migration and to the proliferation of transnational flows throughout the globe, our conception of home has substantially changed. Thus, what motivates immigrants to build and attend "diasporic dwellings" representative of their ethnicity in their new dwelling places? By describing the characteristics of the two largest Armenian community centres in Montreal, (the Armenian Community Centre and the ABGU Centre), I analyse how these mediated social spaces embody elements that represent a distant home, a diaspora, and the local dwelling place---complete with organizations, symbols, imagery, iconography, and language. Utilizing the methodology of participant observation and through conducting interviews, I demonstrate how members of the Armenian community living in Montreal, negotiate their multiple cultural identities through their involvement with Armenian community centres. Moreover, I discuss how the community centres articulate a collective memory in the present within Montreal's public sphere.

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The hypothesis that aquatic biomass is uniformly distributed over logarithmic size classes was evaluated with samples from epilimnetic plankton communities. Although the hypothesis is true for oligotrophic lakes, biomass increases between successive size classes in mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes. The abundance of organisms in logarithmic size intervals is strongly negatively correlated with size. The relationship between organism size and physiological performance in mixed communities was examined by testing the hypothesis that limnoplankton respiration rates are predictable functions of mean body size. The equation governing this relationship was found to be similar to those obtained with laboratory cultures. The total epilimnetic phosphorus concentration is correlated with both biovolume and respiration rate. Many limnological relationships, including those established in this thesis, are based on linear regressions between log-transformed variables. The rules for the correct use of backtransformed predictions are elucidated. A theorem is proven, which sets limits to the relationship between the coefficients of determination on the original and transformed scales. Simulated data and empirical results are used to illustrate the applications and limitations of the theoretical results.

This thesis presents a taphonomic analysis of a zooarchaeological assemblage excavated from JfEl-10, a Thule site located near modern Quaqtaq in Nunavik. Little is known of the Thule occupation of Nunavik, and even less concerning Thule subsistence activities here. As a result, this is one of the first detailed zooarchaeological analyses performed on Thule archaeofaunas from the Ungava region. Because of the poor preservation that characterized the assemblage, a taphonomic study was undertaken in order to determine the "representativeness" of the faunal remains. Food utility indices are compared to bone density indices, in order to establish the effects of density-mediated attrition upon the faunal remains. / A moderate correlation was found between bone density and the identified animal bones. This indicated that, while density-mediated attrition had altered the zooarchaeological assemblage, bone density alone did not provide a sufficient explanation for the observed element distributions. Other taphonomic agents, such as those related to the degree of butchering and the potential effects of cryoturbation upon remains, also need to be taken into consideration.