Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DinaLOA.pdf: 757673 bytes, checksum: dfcacad0b099f951e69bc556d1a78317 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Investigamos nesta pesquisa, o papel das rotas e da obten??o de informa??es sobre a efici?ncia no forrageio de Dinoponera quadriceps. Foram observadas duas col?nias numa ?rea de mata atl?ntica secund?ria na FLONA-ICMBio de N?sia Floresta, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, pelo menos uma vez por semana. Inicialmente, observamos as oper?rias, desde a sa?da do ninho at? o retorno, sem qualquer tipo de manipula??o, numa segunda fase, introduzimos uma placa de acr?lico (100 x 30 x 0,8 cm) diante da entrada observada. Todo o registro comportamental foi feito com a t?cnica do focal time sampling e todas as ocorr?ncias, como complementar; os focais eram de 15 min, com registro a cada minuto, e intervalo de 5 min entre eles. As oper?rias gastaram a maior parte do tempo fora do ninho no comportamento de forrageio. O tempo fora do ninho e a dist?ncia percorrido mostra uma rela??o positiva. Estas vari?veis influenciaram na propor??o do alimento, que requereu mais tempo e dist?ncia na busca. A propor??o tamb?m interferiu no tempo que a oper?ria ficava no ninho antes de uma nova viagem, maior propor??o menor tempo no ninho. Durante toda a pesquisa, as oper?rias individuais demonstraram fidelidade ? rota e a setores na ?rea de uso, mesmo na presen?a da placa, na qual elas desviavam e continuavam seu curso. As caracter?sticas no forrageio quanto ao tempo, dist?ncia, rota fixa e flexibilidade para desviar de obst?culos, apresentadas pelas oper?rias indicam que as decis?es ocorrem em n?vel individual e ? eficiente em rela??o ao balan?o custo-benef?cio. A estrat?gia adotada se encaixa na teoria do ponto central e no teorema do valor marginal, e demonstra ser flex?vel ? presen?a de informa??es novas, o que indica que as oper?rias s?o capazes de aprender novas pistas do ambiente para orient?-las / In this study, we investigated the role of routes and information attainment for the queenless ant species Dinoponera quadriceps foraging efficiency. Two queenless ant colonies were observed in an area of Atlantic secondary Forest at the FLONA-ICMBio of Nisia Floresta, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, at least once a week. In the first stage of the study, we observed the workers, from leaving until returning to the colony. In the second stage, we introduced a acrylic plate (100 x 30 x 0,8 cm) on a selected entrance of the nest early in the morning before the ants left the nest. All behavioral recordings were done through focal time and all occurence samplings. The recording windows were of 15 minutes with 1 minute interval, and 5 minute intervals between each observation window. Foraging was the main activity when the workers were outside the nest. There was a positive correlation between time outside the nest and distance travelled by the ants. These variables influenced the proportion of resource that was taken to the nest, that is, the bigger its proportion, the longer the time outside and distance travelled during the search. That proportion also influenced the time the worker remained in the nest before a new trip, the bigger the proportion of the item, the shorter was the time in the nest. During all the study, workers showed fidelity to the route and to the sectors in the home range, even when the screen was in the ant?s way, once they deviated and kept the route. The features of foraging concerning time, distance, route and flexibility to go astray by the workers indicate that decisions are made by each individual and are optimal in terms of a cost-benefit relation. The strategy chosen by queenless ants fits the central place foraging and marginal value theorem theories and demonstrate its flexibility to new informations. This indicates that the workers can learn new environmental landmarks to guide their routes

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T12:09:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SamaraAlencarMelo_DISSERT.pdf: 1367781 bytes, checksum: 530b3e8b883b5cad16a54173d6beb00d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-11T15:04:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SamaraAlencarMelo_DISSERT.pdf: 1367781 bytes, checksum: 530b3e8b883b5cad16a54173d6beb00d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T15:04:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SamaraAlencarMelo_DISSERT.pdf: 1367781 bytes, checksum: 530b3e8b883b5cad16a54173d6beb00d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / A S?ndrome da Dor Femoropatelar (SDFP), definida como dor anterior ou retropatelar, ? uma das disfun??es m?sculo-esquel?ticas mais frequentes no joelho que acomete, sobretudo, a popula??o feminina e cujo tratamento apresenta-se controverso. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos imediatos e tardios da aplica??o do Kinesio Taping (KT) na atividade eletromiogr?fica do m?sculo vasto medial obl?quo (VMO), no desempenho isocin?tico do quadr?ceps femoral e na dor de sujeitos portadores da SDFP. M?todos: Ensaio cl?nico, randomizado e cego, no qual 54 volunt?rias, com idade m?dia de 23,70 ? 3,76 anos, foram distribu?das aleatoriamente em tr?s grupos e realizaram um dos seguintes protocolos: (1) grupo controle - permaneceram em repouso; (2) grupo com tens?o - aplica??o do KT com tens?o na regi?o do VMO; (3) grupo sem tens?o - aplica??o do KT sem tens?o, na mesma regi?o. Todas as volunt?rias foram submetidas ? avalia??o da intensidade da dor, da atividade eletromiogr?fica do VMO e VL e dos par?metros dinamom?tricos em tr?s momentos distintos: antes da aplica??o do KT, imediatamente ap?s e 72h depois da aplica??o. A an?lise estat?stica foi realizada por meio do SPSS (vers?o 20.0). Foi utilizada uma ANOVA de modelo misto para verificar diferen?as intra e intergrupo, com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5% (p ? 0,05). Resultados: Houve diferen?a significativa intergrupo na intensidade da dor entre o grupo sem tens?o e o grupo controle, ap?s 72h. Com rela??o ?s vari?veis dinamom?tricas, n?o houve diferen?a entre os grupos avaliados para o pico de torque normalizado pelo peso corporal, pico de torque m?dio, pot?ncia m?dia e trabalho total. Tamb?m n?o foram observadas diferen?as no que se refere ?s vari?veis eletromiogr?fica: raz?o VMO/VL e tempo de in?cio da ativa??o do VMO em rela??o ao VL, em cadeia aberta e fechada. Conclus?o: O Kinesio Taping, aplicado no vasto medial obl?quo, n?o promove altera??es imediatas e nem tardias no desempenho isocin?tico nem nos par?metros eletromiogr?ficos de portadores da S?ndrome da Dor Femoropatelar. Entretanto, foi observada uma redu??o da dor no grupo que aplicou o KT sem tens?o, ap?s 72 horas da sua aplica??o. / Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is defined as anterior or retropatellar pain. It is one of the most frequent musculoskeletal dysfunctions in the knee, that affects mainly, the female population and whose treatment is controversial. Objective: To analyze the immediate and late effects of Kinesio Taping (KT) in the electromyography activity of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), in the isokinetic performance of the quadriceps femoris and the pain of subjects with PFPS. Methods: Randomized clinical trial, in which 54 volunteers, with a mean age of 23.70 ? 3.76 years were randomized into three groups and performed one of the following protocols: (1) control group - remained in rest; (2) group with tension - application of KT with tension in the VMO region; (3) group without tension - application of KT without tension, in the same region. All volunteers were submitted to the evaluation of pain intensity, electromyography activity of the VMO and the VL and the dynamometric parameters in three different moments: before the application of KT, after the application and 72 hours after the application. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 20.0). A mixed model ANOVA was used to verify intra and intergroup differences, with a significance level of 5% (p ? 0.05). Results: There was a significant intergroup difference in pain intensity in the 72h evaluation between the no tension group and the control group. Dynamometric variables, peak torque normalized by body weight, mean peak torque, mean power and total work did not show significant difference between the groups evaluated. No differences were observed in the electromyography variables, VMO/ VL ratio and time of onset of VMO activation in relation to VL. Conclusion: Kinesio Taping, applied to the vastus medialis obliquus, does not promote immediate or late changes in the isokinetic performance and in the electromyography parameters of patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. However, was observed a reduction in pain, in the no tension group after 72 hours of application.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:36:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClesioRB_DISSERT.pdf: 808792 bytes, checksum: 2d1aa128ad7360c7d557a02b2b246fb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-03 / Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte / Across the centuries, Mathematics - exact science as it is - has become a determining role in the life of man, which forms to use suprir needs of their daily lives. With this trajectory, is characterized the importance of science as an instrument of recovery not only conteudstica, but also a mathematician to know that leads the apprentice to be a dynamic process of learning ecient, able to find solutions to their real problems. However, it is necessary to understand that mathematical knowledge today requires a new view of those who deal directly with the teaching-learning process, as it is for them - Teachers of Mathematics - desmistificarem the version that mathematics, worked in the classroom, causes difficulties for the understanding of students. On this view, we tried to find this work a methodology that helps students better understand the Quadratic functions and its applications in daily life. Making use of knowledge Ethnomathematics, contextualizing the problems relating to the content and at the same time handling the software GeoGebra, aiming a better view of the behavior of graphs of functions cited / Atravessando os s?culos, a Matem?tica - como ci?ncia exata que ? - vem assumindo um papel determinante na vida do homem, que dela faz uso para suprir necessidades de sua vida di?ria. Com essa trajet?ria, fica caracterizada a import?ncia dessa ci?ncia como instrumento de valoriza??o n?o s? conteud?stica, mas tamb?m de um saber matem?tico que conduz o ser aprendiz a um processo din?mico de aprendizagem e - ciente, capaz de buscar solu??es para seus problemas reais. No entanto, necess?rio se faz compreender que o conhecimento matem?tico hoje requer um novo olhar daqueles que diretamente lidam com o processo ensino-aprendizagem, pois cabe a eles - professores de Matem?tica - desmistificarem a vers?o de que a Matem?tica, trabalhada na sala de aula, traz dificuldades para a compreens?o do alunado. Sobre esse prisma, buscou-se com este trabalho encontrar uma metodologia que auxilie os alunos a entenderem melhor as Fun??es Quadr?ticas e suas aplica??es no cotidiano. Fazendo-se uso dos conhecimentos etnomatem?ticos, contextualizando os problemas referentes ao conte?do e, ao mesmo tempo, manuseando o software GeoGebra, objetivando uma melhor visualiza??o do comportamento dos gr?ficos das citadas fun??es.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:16:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelaSF_DISSERT.pdf: 900361 bytes, checksum: 495352e9755ba95f3abc69208525008d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-03 / To analyze the effects of electrical stimulation at two frequencies on the EMG parameters (EMG) and dynamometer, in muscles with different typing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a controlled clinical trial, randomized and double blind. Sixty healthy volunteers (23.6 ? 4.2anos; 54.2 ? 7.7kg, 1.62 ? 0.009 cm) of both sexes were divided randomly into three groups: control group (CG), experimental group 1 (SG1) with application of the current Russian 30 HZ and experimental group 2 (EG2) at 70 Hz The volunteers performed an initial assessment (AV1) on the isokinetic dynamometer with three repetitions maximum voluntary isometric (MVC) for knee extension concomitant uptake of EMG for the VM muscle, VL and RF. Later, after application of NMES, they underwent an experimental protocol of isometric fatigue using 70% of MVIC, ending with the completion of a final assessment (AV2) in the same manner as the AV1. RESULTS: By analyzing the profile of the 60 subjects in three broad, VM showed a higher value of RMS behavior when the VL and RF (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02). With respect to Fmed the RF muscle (p = 0.001) showed a higher value for the VM. The VM muscle showed significant increases of Fmed (p = 0.05) after electrical stimulation at 70 Hz when compared the AV1 AV2 and RF showed significant decreases (p = 0.009) after stimulation at 30 Hz during the fatigue showed an increase RMS in the VM and VL, with a reduction in RF. For the variable Fmed was observed in three broad decline during fatigue. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide evidence that the muscles VM, VL and RF fiber typing are different besides indicating that the frequency of NMES tend to relate to the muscle stimulated. Finally suggests the surface EMG as a noninvasive method for characterizing muscle / OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos da eletroestimula??o sobre os par?metros eletromiogr?ficos e dinamom?tricos do m?sculo quadr?ceps. MATERIAIS E M?TODOS: Trata-se de um ensaio cl?nico controlado, randomizado e duplo cego. Sessenta volunt?rios saud?veis (23.6?4.2anos; 54.2?7.7Kg; 1,62?0,009cm) de ambos os sexos foram divididos aleatoriamente em tr?s grupos: grupo controle (GC), grupo experimental 1 (GE1) com aplica??o de corrente russa a 30 HZ e grupo experimental 2 (GE2) a 70 Hz. Os volunt?rios realizaram uma avalia??o inicial (AV1) no dinam?metro isocin?tico com 3 repeti??es isom?tricas volunt?rias m?ximas (CIVM), para extens?o do joelho concomitante a capta??o da EMG para os m?sculos vasto medial (VM), vasto lateral (VL) e reto femoral (RF). Posteriormente, ap?s aplica??o da eletroestimula??o neuromusuclar (EENM) foram submetidos a um protocolo experimental de fadiga isom?trica utilizando 70% da CIVM, finalizando com a realiza??o de uma avalia??o final (AV2), nos mesmos moldes da AV1. A an?lise dos dados se deu atrav?s da utiliza??o do programa estat?stico SPSS for Windows (Statistical Packege For the Social Sciense) 17.0 e foram utilizados Anova one way nas compara??es entre os grupos e teste t pareado nas compara??es dentro dos grupos. RESULTADOS: Ao analisar o perfil dos 3 vastos nos 60 sujeitos, o VM apresentou um maior valor de RMS quando comportamento ao VL e RF (p=0,03 e p=0,02). Com rela??o a Fmed, o m?sculo RF (p=0,001) apresentou maior valor comparado ao VM. O m?sculo VM apresentou aumentos significativos da Fmed (p=0,05) ap?s eletroestimula??o a 70 Hz quando a AV1 foi comparada a AV2 e o RF apresentou quedas significativas (p=0,009) ap?s estimula??o a 30 Hz. Durante a fadiga observou-se aumento do RMS no VM e VL, com redu??o no RF. Para a vari?vel Fmed observou-se queda nos tr?s vastos durante a fadiga. CONCLUS?O: Os achados deste estudo sugerem que os m?sculos VM, VL e RF possuem tipagens de fibras diferentes al?m de indicar que as frequ?ncias de EENM tendem a se relacionar com o m?sculo estimulado. Por fim sugere a EMG de superf?cie como um m?todo n?o invasivo para caracteriza??o muscular

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-22T19:05:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeInacioXavierDeAzevedo_DISSERT.pdf: 3671312 bytes, checksum: a27a76a922a1b1d6062886edfad6516c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-06T22:17:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeInacioXavierDeAzevedo_DISSERT.pdf: 3671312 bytes, checksum: a27a76a922a1b1d6062886edfad6516c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T22:17:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeInacioXavierDeAzevedo_DISSERT.pdf: 3671312 bytes, checksum: a27a76a922a1b1d6062886edfad6516c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-19 / A queda acentuada dos n?veis de mortalidade e a melhoria na qualidade dos registros vitais no Brasil foram processos generalizados nas ?ltimas d?cadas, por?m, com importantes contrastes regionais. Estimativas de taxas espec?ficas de mortalidade, em algumas regi?es do pa?s, ainda representam um desafio para os dem?grafos. Dentre as limita??es destacam-se a alta variabilidade por idade nas taxas e a cobertura incompleta dos registros vitais. Os m?todos demogr?ficos para avalia??o e corre??o do subregistro de ?bitos nas primeiras idades possuem aplicabilidade limitada em popula??es subnacionais que experimentaram uma r?pida e intensa desestabiliza??o da sua estrutura et?ria, especialmente em n?veis geogr?ficos mais desagregados. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo ? propor estimativas indiretas para a mortalidade infanto-juvenil, de 0 a 14 anos, com base na mortalidade adulta estimada para as mesorregi?es do Brasil no dec?nio 2000/2010. As fontes de dados deste estudo s?o: Human Mortality Database (HMD), Censo 2010, Sistema de Informa??es sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e estimativas de mortalidade adulta para as mesorregi?es do Brasil. Duas propostas metodol?gicas foram empregadas, ambas utilizam modelos de regress?o que pressup?e a exist?ncia de uma forte rela??o da mortalidade na inf?ncia com a mortalidade adulta. Ambas as propostas, evidenciam padr?es de mortalidade com maiores n?veis de mortalidade infanto-juvenil nas mesorregi?es das regi?es Norte e Nordeste do pa?s. Os resultados apontam que as taxas de mortalidade estimadas segundo o modelo proposto por Wilmoth et al. apresentam, em geral, maior heterogeneidade entre as mesorregi?es de um mesmo estado, especialmente entre os homens. De um modo geral, os resultados obtidos apontam para n?veis mais baixos mortalidade feminina com padr?es mais homog?neos, em compara??o ? mortalidade masculina. Dentre os m?todos empregados, o modelo proposto por Wilmoth et al se mostra promissora para estimativas indiretas da mortalidade infanto-juvenil em ?reas com mais baixa qualidade dos registros vitais. / The sharp decline in mortality rates and improvement in the quality of vital records in Brazil were processes widespread in recent decades, but with significant regional contrasts. Estimates of specific mortality rates in some regions of the country still represent a challenge for demographers. Among the limitations, highlight the high variability in the rates by age and incomplete coverage of vital records. The demographic methods for evaluation and correction of underreporting of deaths at early ages have limited applicability in sub-populations that experienced a rapid and intense destabilization of its age structure, especially in more disaggregated geographical levels. Thus, the objective of this study is to propose indirect estimates for mortality infant-juvenile, 0-14 years, based on adult mortality estimated for the mesoregions of Brazil in the decade 2000/2010. The study data sources are: Human Mortality Database (HMD), Census 2010, Mortality Information System (SIM) and adult mortality estimates for mesoregions of Brazil. Two methodological approaches were employed, both using regression models which presupposes the existence of a strong relationship of infant mortality with adult mortality. Both proposals show mortality patterns with higher levels of mortality infant-juvenile in mesoregions the North and Northeast. The results show that mortality rates estimated by Proposal 2 show, in general, greater heterogeneity among mesoregions the same state, especially among men. Overall, the results point to lower female mortality levels with more homogeneous patterns compared to male mortality. Among the methods employed, the proposed 2 is shows promise for indirect estimates of mortality infant-juvenile in areas with lower quality of vital records.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:36:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JobsonHSS_DISSERT.pdf: 1416900 bytes, checksum: 677228c50dc507b009762057a3ac8330 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-15 / In general, the study of quadratic functions is based on an excessive amount formulas, all content is approached without justification. Here is the quadratic function and its properties from problems involving quadratic equations and the technique of completing the square. Based on the definitions we will show that the graph of the quadratic function is the parabola and finished our studies finding that several properties of the function can be read from the simple observation of your chart. Thus, we built the whole matter justifying each step, abandoning the use of decorated formulas and valuing the reasoning / Em geral, o estudo de fun??es quadr?ticas ? baseado numa quantidade excessiva de f?rmulas, todo conte?do ? abordado sem justificativas. Apresentamos a fun??o quadr?tica e suas propriedades a partir de problemas envolvendo equa??es do segundo grau e da t?cnica de completar quadrado. Partindo das defini??es mostraremos que o gr?fico da fun??o quadr?tica ? a par?bola e terminamos nosso estudos verificando que v?rias propriedades da fun??o podem ser lidas a partir da simples observa??o do seu gr?fico. Dessa forma, constru?mos todo o assunto justificando cada passo, abandonando o uso de f?rmulas decoradas e prezando pelo racioc?nio

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-22T15:02:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucasDanielMonteiroDosSantosPinheiro_DISSERT.pdf: 1789796 bytes, checksum: 996c49626073bcec8708e85866e1f00e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-26T23:43:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LucasDanielMonteiroDosSantosPinheiro_DISSERT.pdf: 1789796 bytes, checksum: 996c49626073bcec8708e85866e1f00e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T23:43:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucasDanielMonteiroDosSantosPinheiro_DISSERT.pdf: 1789796 bytes, checksum: 996c49626073bcec8708e85866e1f00e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O problema da ?rvore Geradora M?nima Quadr?tica (AGMQ) ? uma generaliza??o doproblema da ?rvore Geradora M?nima onde, al?m dos custos lineares das arestas, custosquadr?ticos associados a cada par de arestas s?o considerados. Os custos quadr?ticos s?odevidos ? custos de intera??o entre as arestas. No caso das intera??es ocorrerem somenteentre arestas adjacentes, o problema ? denominado ?rvore Geradora M?nima Quadr?ticaem Adjac?ncia de Arestas (AGMQA). Tanto a AGMQ quanto a AGMQA s?o NP-dif?ceise modelam diversos problemas reais envolvendo projeto de redes de infraestrutura. Oscustos lineares e quadr?ticos s?o somados nas vers?es mono-objetivo destes problemas.Frequentemente, aplica??es reais lidam com objetivos conflitantes. Nestes casos a considera??o dos custos lineares e quadr?ticos separadamente ? mais adequada e a otimiza??omultiobjetivo prov? modelos mais realistas. Algoritmos exatos e heur?sticos s?o investigados neste trabalho para a vers?o biobjetivo da AGMQA. As seguintes t?cnicas s?opropostas: backtracking, branch-and-bound, busca local, Greedy RandomizedAdaptive Search Procedure, Simulated Annealing, NSGAII, Algoritmo Transgen?tico, Otimiza??o por Nuvem de Part?culas e uma hibridiza??o entre a t?cnica do MOEA-D eo Algoritmo Transgen?tico. S?o utilizados indicadores de qualidade Pareto concordantespara comparar os algoritmos em um conjunto de inst?ncias de bases de dado da literatura. / The Quadratic Minimum Spanning Tree (QMST) problem is a generalization of the Minimum Spanning Tree problem in which, beyond linear costs associated to each edge, quadratic costs associated to each pair of edges must be considered. The quadratic costs are due to interaction costs between the edges. When interactions occur between adjacent edges only, the problem is named Adjacent Only Quadratic Minimum Spanning Tree (AQMST). Both QMST and AQMST are NP-hard and model a number of real world applications involving infrastructure networks design. Linear and quadratic costs are summed in the mono-objective versions of the problems. However, real world applications often deal with conflicting objectives. In those cases, considering linear and quadratic costs separately is more appropriate and multi-objective optimization provides a more realistic modelling. Exact and heuristic algorithms are investigated in this work for the Bi-objective Adjacent Only Quadratic Spanning Tree Problem. The following techniques are proposed: backtracking, branch-and-bound, Pareto Local Search, Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure, Simulated Annealing, NSGA-II, Transgenetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization and a hybridization of the Transgenetic Algorithm with the MOEA-D technique. Pareto compliant quality indicators are used to compare the algorithms on a set of benchmark instances proposed in literature.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelliCM_DISSERT.pdf: 1085220 bytes, checksum: 3e4aaeea15703fb5defff68874553b0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Food access, territory or reproductive partner can generate conflicts between individuals in many species with occurrence of aggressive behaviors. However some species respond less aggressively to intrusion by neighbors than non-neighbors in its territory to minimize the costs of continuous fight. This difference in aggression is called Dear Enemy Effect described in various vertebrates and invertebrates. To investigate if this phenomenon occurs in Dinoponera quadriceps (Hymenopetra, Formicidae) three colonies, two neighbors and one non-neighbor, were captured in its natural environment then transfered to the laboratory where we did experimental confrontation intra and inter colonies involving one pair of workers. We compared the behavioral frequency exhibited by each worker, the intensity and duration of the confrontation between a neighbor and a non-neighbor referring the place where they were collected. Our results revealed that Dear Enemy Effect does not apply to D. quadriceps due aggressive response is more intense and longest toward neighbor than non-neighbor, probably due intra specific competition, ecological factors and characteristic of the species / O acesso a fonte de alimentos, territ?rio ou parceiros reprodutivos pode gerar conflitos de interesses entre indiv?duos em v?rias esp?cies de animais. Entretanto, v?rios animais respondem menos agressivamente ? entrada de seus vizinhos do que a entrada de n?ovizinhos em seus territ?rios, como forma de minimizar os custos de uma agress?o cont?nua. Essa diferen?a na resposta agressiva ? conhecida por Efeito Inimigo ?ntimo, descrito em v?rias esp?cies de vertebrados e invertebrados. Para investigar se este fen?meno ocorre em Dinoponera quadriceps (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), tr?s col?nias, sendo duas vizinhas e uma distante, foram coletadas em seu ambiente natural e transferidas para o laborat?rio onde foram conduzidos confrontos experimentais intra e entre col?nias, envolvendo um par de oper?rias. Comparamos a frequ?ncia comportamental exibida por cada oper?ria envolvida nos confrontos, assim como a intensidade e a dura??o dos confrontos entre col?nias vizinhas e distantes com refer?ncia do local de coleta. Nossos resultados revelam que o Efeito Inimigo ?ntimo n?o ? aplic?vel ? D. quadriceps, pois resposta agressiva ? mais intensa e duradoura entre oper?rias vizinhas do que entre distantes, provavelmente devido ? competi??o intraespec?fica, fatores ecol?gicos e caracter?sticas da esp?cie.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-07-13T20:13:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mauricio Silva Louzeiro - 2016.pdf: 1453255 bytes, checksum: c23898f8b30d7250d9fc245034078281 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-07-14T13:28:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mauricio Silva Louzeiro - 2016.pdf: 1453255 bytes, checksum: c23898f8b30d7250d9fc245034078281 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T13:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mauricio Silva Louzeiro - 2016.pdf: 1453255 bytes, checksum: c23898f8b30d7250d9fc245034078281 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work, we will study a new strategy to minimize a convex function on a simplicial cone. This method consists in to obtain the solution of a minimization problem through the root of a semi-smooth equation associated to its optimality conditions. To nd this root, we use the semi-smooth version of the Newton's method, where the derivative of the function that de nes the semi-smooth equation is replaced by a convenient Clarke subgradient. For the case that the function is quadratic, we will see that it allows us to have weaker conditions for the convergence of the sequence generated by the semi-smooth Newton's method. Motivated by this new minimization strategy we will also use the semi-smooth Newton's method to nd roots of two special semi-smooth equations, one associated to x+ and the another one associated to jxj. / Neste trabalho, estudaremos uma nova estrat egia para minimizar uma fun c~ao convexa sobre um cone simplicial. Este m etodo consiste em obter a solu c~ao do problema de minimiza c~ao atrav es da raiz de uma equa c~ao semi-suave associada as suas condi c~oes de otimalidade. Para encontrar essa raiz, usaremos uma vers~ao semi-suave do m etodo de Newton, onde a derivada da fun c~ao que de ne a equa c~ao semi-suave e substitu da por um subgradiente de Clarke conveniente. Para o caso em que a fun c~ao e quadr atica, veremos que e poss vel obter condi c~oes mais fracas para a converg^encia da sequ^encia gerada pelo m etodo de Newton semi-suave. Motivados por esta nova estrat egia de minimiza c~ao tamb em usaremos o m etodo de Newton semi-suave para encontrar ra zes de dois tipos espec cos de equa c~oes semi-suaves, uma associada a x+ e a outra associada a jxj.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-09-28T20:12:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoSiqueiraMartins_TESE.pdf: 3898946 bytes, checksum: 0606c73d62c01f99eaf21d5af3faf852 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2015-10-01T13:50:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoSiqueiraMartins_TESE.pdf: 3898946 bytes, checksum: 0606c73d62c01f99eaf21d5af3faf852 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-01T13:50:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoSiqueiraMartins_TESE.pdf: 3898946 bytes, checksum: 0606c73d62c01f99eaf21d5af3faf852 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-27 / A detec??o e o diagn?stico de falhas, ou seja, descobrir como, onde e porque as falhas acontecem, ? uma importante ?rea de estudo desde que o homem passou a ser substitu?do pelas m?quinas. No entanto, nenhuma t?cnica estudada at? hoje consegue resolver em definitivo o problema. As diferen?as em sistemas din?micos, sejam eles lineares, n?o lineares, variantes ou invariantes no tempo, com redund?ncia f?sica ou mesmo anal?tica dificultam as pesquisas no sentido de obter uma solu??o ?nica. Neste trabalho, ser? apresentada uma t?cnica de detec??o e diagn?sticos de falhas (FDD) em sistemas din?micos utilizando observadores de estado em conjunto com outras ferramentas de maneira a criar um FDD h?brido. Um observador de estado modificado ser? utilizado para a cria??o de um res?duo que permita a detec??o e tamb?m o diagn?sticos de falhas. Um banco de assinaturas de falhas ser? criado a partir de recortes utilizando ferramentas estat?sticas e por fim uma aproxima??o usando erro m?dio quadr?tico (MSE) servir? de infer?ncia e auxiliar? no estudo do comportamento das falhas e no diagn?stico das mesmas, ainda que na presen?a de ru?dos. Essa metodologia ser? ent?o aplicada a uma planta did?tica de tanques acopladas e outra com instrumenta??o industrial com fim de validar o sistema. / The detection and diagnosis of faults, ie., find out how , where and why failures occur is an important area of study since man came to be replaced by machines. However, no technique studied to date can solve definitively the problem. Differences in dynamic systems, whether linear, nonlinear, variant or invariant in time, with physical or analytical redundancy, hamper research in order to obtain a unique solution . In this paper, a technique for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) will be presented in dynamic systems using state observers in conjunction with other tools in order to create a hybrid FDD. A modified state observer is used to create a residue that allows also the detection and diagnosis of faults. A bank of faults signatures will be created using statistical tools and finally an approach using mean squared error ( MSE ) will assist in the study of the behavior of fault diagnosis even in the presence of noise . This methodology is then applied to an educational plant with coupled tanks and other with industrial instrumentation to validate the system.