This article explores the viability of third-party JSON tools as an alternative to XML when an application requires querying and filtering of data, as well as how the application deviates between browsers. We examine and describe the querying alternatives as well as the technologies we worked with and used in the application. The application is built using HTML 5 features such as local storage and canvas, and is benchmarked in Internet Explorer, Chrome and Firefox. The application built is an animated infographical display that uses querying functions in JSON and XML to filter values from a dataset and then display them through the HTML5 canvas technology. The results were in favor of JSON and suggested that using third-party tools did not impact performance compared to native XML functions. In addition, the usage of JSON enabled easier development and cross-browser compatibility. Further research is proposed to examine document-based data filtering as well as investigating why performance deviated between toolsets.

This diploma thesis is about graph databases, which belong to the category of database systems known as NoSQL databases, but graph databases are beyond NoSQL databases. Graph databases are useful in many cases thanks to native storing of interconnections between data, which brings advantageous properties in comparison with traditional relational database system, especially in querying. The main goal of the thesis is: to describe principles, properties and advantages of graph database; to design own convenient graph database use case and to realize the template verifying designed use case. The theoretical part focuses on the description of properties and principles of the graph database which are then compared with relational database approach. Next part dedicates analysis and explanation of the most typical use cases of the graph database including the unsuitable use cases. The last part of thesis contains analysis of own graph database use case in which several principles are defined. The principles can be applied separately. There are crucial analytical operations in the use case. The analytical operations search the causes with their rate of influence on amount or change in the value of the indicator. This part also includes the realization of the template verifying the use case in the graph database. The template consists of the database structure design, the concrete database data and analytical operations. In the end the returned results from graph database are verified by the alternative calculations without using the graph database.

Big data systems such as relational databases, data science platforms, and scientific workflows all process queries over large and complex datasets. Skew is common in these real-world datasets and workloads. Different types of skew can have different impacts on the performance of query processing. Although skew sometimes causes load imbalance in a parallel execution environment, negatively impacting query performance, we demonstrate in this thesis that, in many cases we can actually improve the query performance in the presence of skew. To optimize query processing under skew, we develop a set of techniques to exploit the positive effects of skew and to avoid the negative effects. In order to exploit skew, we propose techniques including: (a) intentionally creating skew and clustering data in a distributed database system; (b) optimizing data layout for better caching in main-memory databases; and (c) adaptive execution techniques that are responsive to the underlying data in the context of compilers. In order to ameliorate skew, we study optimized hash-based partitioning that alleviate outliers in a genomic data context, as well as parallel prefix sum algorithms that used to develop skew-insensitive algorithms. We evaluate the effectiveness of our techniques over synthetic data, standard benchmarks, as well as empirical datasets, and show that the performance of query processing under skew can be greatly improved. Overall this thesis has made a concrete contribution to skew-related query processing.

Data Stream Management Systems (DSMSs) provide support for continuous query evaluation over data streams. Data streams provide processing challenges due to their unbounded nature and varying characteristics, such as rate and density fluctuations. DSMSs need to adapt stream processing to these changes within certain constraints, such as available computational resources and minimum latency requirements in producing results. The proposed research develops an inter-operator feedback framework, where opportunities for run-time adaptation of stream processing are expressed in terms of descriptions of substreams and actions applicable to the substreams, called feedback punctuations. Both the discovery of adaptation opportunities and the exploitation of these opportunities are performed in the query operators. DSMSs are also concerned with state management, in particular, state derived from tuple processing. The proposed research also introduces the Contracts Framework, which provides execution guarantees about state purging in continuous query evaluation for systems with and without inter-operator feedback. This research provides both theoretical and design contributions. The research also includes an implementation and evaluation of the feedback techniques in the NiagaraST DSMS, and a reference implementation of the Contracts Framework.

Evaluating queries over data streams has become an appealing way to support various stream-processing applications. Window queries are commonly used in many stream applications. In a window query, certain query operators, especially blocking operators and stateful operators, appear in their windowed versions. Previous research work in evaluating window queries typically requires ordered streams and this order requirement limits the implementations of window operators and also carries performance penalties. This thesis presents efficient and flexible algorithms for evaluating window queries. We first present a new data model for streams, progressing streams, that separates stream progress from physical-arrival order. Then, we present our window semantic definitions for the most commonly used window operators—window aggregation and window join. Unlike previous research that often requires ordered streams when describing window semantics, our window semantic definitions do not rely on physical-stream arrival properties. Based on the window semantic definitions, we present new implementations of window aggregation and window join, WID and OA-Join. Compared to the existing implementations of stream query operators, our implementations do not require special stream-arrival properties, particularly stream order. In addition, for window aggregation, we present two other implementations extended from WID, Paned-WID and AdaptWID, to improve excution time by sharing sub-aggregates and to improve memory usage for input with data distribution skew, respectively. Leveraging our order-insenstive implementations of window operators, we present a new architecture for stream systems, OOP (Out-of- Order Processing). Instead of relying on ordered streams to indicate stream progress, OOP explicitly communicates stream progress to query operators, and thus is more flexible than the previous in-order processing (IOP) approach, which requires maintaining stream order. We implemented our order-insensitive window query operators and the OOP architecture in NiagaraST and Gigascope. Our performance study in both systems confirms the benefits of our window operator implementations and the OOP architecture compared to the commonly used approaches in terms of memory usage, execution time and latency.

The thesis presents a type system for a substantial fragment of XML query language Xcerpt. The system is descriptive; the types associated with Xcerpt constructs are sets of data terms and approximate the semantics of the constructs. A formalism of Type Definitions, related to XML schema languages, is adopted to specify such sets. The type system is presented as typing rules which provide a basis for type inference and type checking algorithms, used in a prototype implementation. Correctness of the type system wrt. the formal semantics of Xcerpt is proved and exactness of the result types inferred by the system is discussed. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated by example runs of the prototype on Xcerpt programs. Given a non-recursive Xcerpt program and types of data to be queried, the type system is able to infer a type of results of the program. If additionally a type specification of program results is given, the system is able to prove type correctness of a (possibly recursive) program. Type correctness means that the program produces results of the given type whenever it is applied to data of the given type. Non existence of a correctness proof suggests that the program may be incorrect. Under certain conditions (on the program and on the type specification), the program is actually incorrect whenever the proof attempt fails. / <p>Report code: LiU-TEK-LIC-2006:9</p>

With the advances in wireless communication technology and advanced positioning systems, a variety of Location-Based Services (LBS) become available to the public. Mobile users can issue location-based queries to probe their surrounding environments. One important type of query in LBS is moving monitoring queries over mobile objects. Due to the high frequency in location updates and the expensive cost of continuous query processing, server computation capacity and wireless communication bandwidth are the two limiting factors for large-scale deployment of moving object database systems. To address both of the scalability factors, distributed computing has been considered. These schemes enable moving objects to participate as a peer in query processing to substantially reduce the demand on server computation, and wireless communications associated with location updates. In the first part of this dissertation, we propose a distributed framework to process moving monitoring queries over moving objects in a spatial network environment. In the second part of this dissertation, in order to reduce the communication cost, we leverage both on-demand data access and periodic broadcast to design a new hybrid distributed solution for moving monitoring queries in an open space environment. Location-based services make our daily life more convenient. However, to receive the services, one has to reveal his/her location and query information when issuing locationbased queries. This could lead to privacy breach if these personal information are possessed by some untrusted parties. In the third part of this dissertation, we introduce a new privacy protection measure called query l-diversity, and provide two cloaking algorithms to achieve both location kanonymity and query l-diversity to better protect user privacy. In the fourth part of this dissertation, we design a hybrid three-tier architecture to help reduce privacy exposure. In the fifth part of this dissertation, we propose to use Road Network Embedding technique to process privacy protected queries.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.