The thesis outlines the need for a method of communicating concepts of environmental action, reviews environmental movements and simulation gaming theory, proposes methodology and learning objectives and describes an environmental simulation game named ''Community". The game simulates a small town with four industries (food, housing, textile and automobile manufacturing) that employ four to thirty-three players who exchange money, pollute, and vote on community issues. The game rules, playing board, player roles, event cards, tokens, game operation and participant reactions are described. The conclusion states the game of ''Community" represents a design that involved individuals in participatory, decision making situations concerning economic, political and pollution processes, A need is stated for additional research on the effects of simulation gaming. A bibliography lists sources consulted on environmental movements and simulation gaming. The appendices contain the game model elements in a playing form. The author's vita notes a university background in history and education with work experience in community organization. / Master of Science

The purpose of this study was to synthesize, for the use of others, the pertinent legal requirements for the business management operations of West Virginia county boards of education. The study was undertaken by the researcher to help fill a void in the policy formulation process for West Virginia boards of education. Since many school districts do not have adequate staff, or funds budgeted to hire such staff or competent legal assistance to participate in the policy-making process, this study serves as a point of departure in the initial policy process. All policies of boards of education need to be legally referenced in order that the day-to-day school operations can be maintained in a manner which will be consistent with the requirements of law, the courts, and the appropriate regulatory agencies and officials. The need for such legal reference materials categorized as to topic was attested to by the State Superintendent of Schools, the West Virginia School Boards Association, the Southern Region School Boards Research and Training Center, and by the vast majority of all of the county superintendents who administer the state's public school system. In order to accomplish the objective set forth above, it was necessary to read, analyze and categorize all data appropriate to the study. This was done by researching the pertinent elements of the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the State of West Virginia; the West Virginia Code, 1931 as amended; court decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, the federal district courts of the northern and southern districts of West Virginia, and the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals; opinions rendered by the State Attorney General which affect public education; the interpretations of school law as issued by the State Superintendent of Schools; and, the policies, rules, and regulations of the State Board of Education. Due to the large number of cases reported in the courts of jurisdiction set out above, it was necessary to consult. the systems of court digests currently available. Cases appropriately referenced for West Virginia educational problems in the area of school business management were researched and briefed in order to ascertain their relevance to the topic of the study. The West Virginia code was researched for the references pertaining to education, and the policy manual of the state education agency was analyzed. The published and unpublished opinions of the Attorney General, and the interpretations of the State Superintendent of Schools were read and categorized. Once appropriately categorized as to policy topic, the above data was then synthesized into reference materials which board of education members and their district administrators can refer to in their policymaking process. Due to the constant threat that court actions might be brought against today's educational leaders, it is extremely important that boards of education adopt statements of policy which are consistent with today's legal standards. This study, while not rendering legal advice or assistance, is designed to reference for its readers legal precedents affecting West Virginia's educational systems covering the business management areas of financial operations, bonding, site acquisition, building and grounds management, community use of school facilities, properties disposal procedures, purchasing, student transportation, liability and insurance, and food services. / Ed. D.

The major purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in clothing interest existed between selected groups of women of 25 to 65 years, and to identify the dimensions of clothing interest important to them. The relationship between clothing interest and certain demographic characteristics was also investigated. A modified version of the Creekmore Importance of Clothing questionnaire was used to measure clothing interest. The questionnaire and a demographic data form were distributed by mail to women in the Washington, D.C. area resulting in 312 usable replies. The subjects were predominantly married, middle cJass, employed women with small fair.ilies. Most of them had college educations and higher than average incomes. Multivariate analysis procedures were used to determine the differences in clothing interest between the four age groups. Wilk's Lambda was used to detect statistical significance. Simultaneous confidence intervals were then computed to determine which groups were different and on which variables they differed. Significant differences were found on two factors of clothing interest--concern with personal appearance and enhancement of security. Multiple correlation coefficients were computed to determine the possibility of and relationship between each of the five factors of clothing interest and the selected demographic variables. No significant relationships were found. The results indicated that more mature women had less need for clothing to build self-confidence and more concern with personal appearance than the younger women in the study. / Master of Science

Master of Information Systems

M.S.

The oxidative addition of amino acids and other biologically interesting molecules to iridium{(I) complexes was studied and the reactivity of the resulting hydrido chelate complexes was investigated. Oxidative addition of amino acids to [Ir(COD)(PMe₃)₃]Cl resulted in the formation of meridional tris trimethylphosphine Ir(III) hydride complexes, with the amino acid chelated to the metal center forming 5 membered rings. The majority of the naturally occurring amino acids were studied as potential oxidative addition reactants. The amino acids with reactive side chains did not form clean products. The amino acids without reactive side chains did form clean products which were characterized by ¹H NMR, ³¹P NMR, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, C,H analyses, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The studies went on to investigate other 𝛂 amino acid compounds and attempts were made to form 6 membered ring complexes with 𝛃 amino acids. The reactivity of these complexes was also studied. A number of reaction conditions were used in attempts to induce the iridium amino acid complexes and various unsaturates, but the stability of the 5 membered ring system did not allow for insertion of unsaturates. An attempt was made to synthesize coordinately unsaturated complexes of iridium with amino acids. A variety of reactions were tried with the coordinately unsaturated compound, [Ir(COD)(DMPE)]Cl, but amino acid products were not produced in these reactions. Rather, an interesting rearrangement product of [Ir(COD)(DMPE)]Cl was formed and the crystal structure of [Ir (µ¹, µ³ - COD)DMPE]Cl complex was solved. Other attempts to induce reactivity of hydrido amino acid - Ir complexes involved synthesizing N-methyl amino acid complexes. The treatment of [Ir(COD)(PMe₃)₃]Cl with N-methylphenylalanine or N-methylglycine formed the respective chelate hydrido complexes. The reactivity studies of these complexes were negative. The insertion of an unsaturate was observed with 2-amino-4- pentenoic acid. This compound is an a-amino acid with a tethered olefin and when treated with Ir(COD)(PMe₃)₃]Cl binds through three sites (O, N, C) to the metal center. The Ir-C bond formed supports the fact that the olefin has inserted into the Ir-H bond. The crystal structure of this complex was solved. Several amino acid iridium complexes were tested for biological activity in NCI cancer and HIV assays. The complexes had no activity against cancer, but the phenylalanine complex did show moderate activity against HIV. The results prompted studies with other biologically interesting molecules and a number of sulfur containing compounds were studied. The formation of 4 membered ring systems was observed resulting from reactions of thiourea and analogs with [Ir(COD)(PMe₃)₃]Cl. These compounds are to be studied for their reactivity with unsaturates. / Ph. D.

A novel acid-catalyzed self-condensation reaction of 6-diketones in the presence of 2,2,2-trifluorodiazoethane (TFD) has been discovered. This reaction is of interest because not many methods are available for the preparation of cyclized products (e.g., aromatic natural products) from 6-dicarbonyl units. Acid-catalyzed reactions of 1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione and several substituted derivatives of 1- phenyl-1,3-butanedione with TFD afforded two groups of substituted biphenyl compounds. One of these groups could be an important synthon for the preparation of larger polycyclic aromatic compounds. Several cyclized products have also been obtained from the reaction of 2, 4-pentanedione with TFD. Two potential mechanisms have been suggested to describe this cyclization process. Mechanistic studies utilizing dienophiles suggest that the previously described cyclized products have originated from Michael addition reactions. Several NMR techniques have been utilized to characterize the reaction products which were obtained in this study. These techniques include ¹³C labeling, the ¹³C NMR INADEQUATE pulse experiment, and applications of lanthanide shift reagents. The results that were obtained from the lanthanide shift reagent studies illustrate that certain oxygen atoms can be converted to 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl ethers to prevent complexation with lanthanide shift reagents. This methodology was successfully utilized to simplify the interpretation of lanthanide shift reagent results that were obtained from polyfunctional molecules. The reactions of several additional β-diketones have also been studied to better understand the cyclization process. / Ph. D.