Class of 2015 Abstract / Objectives: To determine the incidence of late coagulopathy and characterize those requiring antivenom retreatment among rattlesnake envenomation patients managed by the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (APDIC). Methods: This descriptive, retrospective chart review used data extracted from APDIC charts. Data included coagulopathy lab values recorded during treatment, vials of antivenom required to achieve initial control, total vials during therapy, incidence of initial coagulopathy, use of extended infusion, time until treatment, and permanent sequelae due to snakebite. Demographic information was also recorded. Late coagulopathy is defined as coagulopathy occurring after completion of maintenance dosing, and can be considered recurrent or delayed. Delayed coagulopathy occurs in the absence of an initial coagulopathy, while recurrent coagulopathy requires an initial event previously controlled by antivenom therapy. Results: Of 321 identified reports, 120 patients were treated with antivenom, had outpatient follow-up, and were included in analysis. Sixty-one (50.8%) patients did not have an initial coagulopathy, while 59 (49.2%) had an initial coagulopathy. Late coagulopathy occurred in 63 (52.5%) of patients. Delayed coagulopathies occurred in 19 (31.1%) of patients with no initial coagulopathy; Of those with an initial coagulopathy, recurrent coagulopathies occurred in 44 (74.5%) of patients. Patients with initial coagulopathy were statistically more likely to develop a late coagulopathy than those with no initial coagulopathy (p<0.001). Seventeen patients required retreatment post-discharge. Conclusions: Patients envenomated by rattlesnakes are at high risk for developing late coagulopathies. Close outpatient follow-up is imperative for monitoring of coagulopathies. Need for retreatment with FabAV post-discharge is not uncommon.

On three days in March each year, the sleepy little town of Sweetwater, Texas transforms into the rattlesnake capital of the world. Snake hunters and curious tourists converge on the town of 12,000 for the Annual Sweetwater Rattlesnake Roundup. On the outside of the Nolan County Coliseum, the smell of funnel cakes and hot-dogs fills the air as vendors sell snacks and souvenirs. However the real action is inside where snakes collected from all over the state lay in piles by the thousands, waiting to be sexed, milked and ultimately killed. Through interviews and observational footage, "Snakes Alive!" explores the Sweetwater Rattlesnake Roundup, those that participate in the event, and the elements that make it an unabashed West Texas tradition.

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The timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) is a forest dwelling terrestrial pit viper that utilizes several types of habitat within the forest environment. One type of habitat crucial to the species' survival in mountainous regions and at more northern latitudes is basking habitat, which typically is an exposed rocky area used by gravid females for gestation, and by other timber rattlesnakes for shedding, mating, and digesting. Understanding the range of the timber rattlesnake in Virginia will enable biologists and land managers to better manage the landscape in a way conducive to the survival and persistence of timber rattlesnakes. To improve our ability to identify and locate areas potentially containing timber rattlesnake basking habitat, I used 5 landscape-level habitat variables with logistic regression and geographic information systems (GIS) to model and map areas of western Virginia potentially containing timber rattlesnake basking habitat. Models were ranked using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and were crossvalidated using the methods of Fielding and Bell (1997). Aspect, slope, elevation, landform index, and percentage of forest cover values were derived using GIS for 217 known basking sites in western Virginia. I then used data derived for the 217 known basking sites to create 22 a priori models. The best model used the variables of aspect, slope, landform index and percentage of forest cover. When I crossvalidated the top model, the kappa value, a measure of the proportion of specific agreement, and was 0.804. During field tests the predictive model was used to find timber rattlesnakes at 3 of 15 (20%) of the test sites in the Goshen Wildlife Management Area in southwestern Virginia. My predictive model has proven to be an effective tool that could be used by biologists and land managers to locate and protect timber rattlesnake basking habitat. The historic and current ranges for the timber rattlesnake in Virginia were determined using literature records, database records, place names, personal interviews, and site surveys. Historically, the timber rattlesnake ranged over the entire state. Currently, the timber rattlesnake is restricted to the mountainous regions of Virginia (not including the coastal plain population of the timber rattlesnake). The biology of Crotalus horridus and regulations and management practices used by other states within the range of the species were used to create a set of management recommendations to the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. These recommendations include implementing (1) a no-take regulation, (2) enhanced public education, and (3) protection of critical habitat and location of new populations. / Master of Science

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:34:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline Scheffer Nogueira.pdf: 4454869 bytes, checksum: 4ee15928bc759bcdec1e00d74bc0a1fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / This paper addresses the issue of urban planning and the question of delimitation of Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS) detaching the case of Cascavel, located in West of the Paraná State. By the year 2010, the division of the city of Cascavel´s ZEIS prioritized the areas around the city center, a consolidated space with relevant infrastructure and urban facilities. What one wonders is: the delimitation of Cascavel´sZEIS were conducted in a manner that meets the low-income population and thus accomplished the inclusion of these people? That is, they favored the right to the city and the right to housing, provided by the City Statute? The ZEIS are instituted to meet the constitutional principle of the social function of property, therefore obey a special type of zoning, since its main function is to include a layer of low-income urban and usufruct rights of land ownership. But what can be noticed in Cascavel class interests are economically influential even in the delimitation of Special Zones of Social Interest, to demonstrate it, show up Interlagosallotment, located in the most violent and impoverished Cascavel, but not really the Allotment received, the title ZEIS. Social inequality and urban is clear, when it comes to infrastructure which can be perceived shortage is because there is no paving, storm drainage and sewage, which shows that the considered basic does not include this region. Socially, it can be noted are the poor, who survive with minimal, being discriminated against by society. The study shows that Allotment need urgently to be treated as ZEIS because it has all the characteristics that qualify it as such. Its residents deserve and are entitled to receive the benefits of Public Policy, the priority of Housing, which are intended only for areas designated as Social Interest. / Este trabalho aborda o tema do planejamento urbano e a questão da delimitação das Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social (ZEIS), e dá destaque ao caso do município de Cascavel, localizado no Oeste Paranaense. Até o ano de 2010, a delimitação das ZEIS do município de Cascavel priorizou as áreas do entorno do centro da cidade, um espaço consolidado, com infraestrutura e equipamentos urbanos pertinentes. O que se indaga é: a delimitação das ZEIS cascavelenses foi realizada de maneira que atendesse a população de baixa renda e assim realizasse a inclusão social destes habitantes? Isto é, com elas favoreceu-se o direito à cidade e o direito à moradia, previstos pelo Estatuto da Cidade? As ZEIS são instituídas para atender ao princípio constitucional da função social de propriedade. Por essa razão obedecem a um tipo especial de zoneamento, dado que sua função principal é a de incluir a camada de baixa renda no usufruto dos direitos urbanos e da posse de terra, porém, o que se percebe em Cascavel é interesses da classe economicamente influente, até mesmo na delimitação das Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social. Para explanar isso, mostra-se o loteamento Interlagos, localizado na área considerada mais violenta e empobrecida de Cascavel, mas que nem por isso o loteamento recebeu, até o momento, o título de ZEIS. A desigualdade social e urbana é clara, quando a questão é infraestrutura. Não há pavimentação, drenagem pluvial e esgoto, o que mostra que o considerado como básico não contempla essa região. Socialmente, o que pode ser notado são pessoas de baixa renda, que sobrevivem com o mínimo, sendo discriminadas pela sociedade. O estudo mostra a urgência do Loteamento em ser tratado como ZEIS porque tem todas as características que o qualificam como tal. Para ratificar essa necessidade de qualificá-lo como Zona Especial de Interesse Social, o loteamento Interlagos será comparado ao loteamento Cascatinha, localizado numa área mais próxima ao centro de Cascavel, contudo com características sociais e econômicas similares as do Interlagos. É possível perceber que a atenção por parte do poder público foi diferente em relação às áreas mais próximas ao centro. Conclui-se que os moradores do loteamento Interlagos têm o direito de receberem os benefícios das Políticas Públicas, prioritariamente as de Habitação, os quais são destinados apenas para as áreas designadas como de Interesse Social.