Surface mining often changes the native landscape and vegetation of an area. Reclamation is used to counter this change, with the goal of restoring the land to its original pre-mined state. The process of reclamation creates early successional-stage lands, such as grasslands, shrublands, and wetlands, attracting new plant and animal species to the area. I compared avian species density (number of individuals/ha), diversity (H'), and richness (number of species/ha) on reclaimed and non-mined lands at TXU's Big Brown Mine in Fairfield, Texas. I also compared my results to those of a previous study conducted 25 years earlier. Avian counts were conducted using a fixedradius point-count method on 240 points placed in four different vegetation types and in four land-age groups (time since being reclaimed). Vegetation was measured both locally, and at a landscape level. Overall bird species density did not exhibit a clear relationship on non-mined versus reclaimed land. Overall bird species diversity was greater on non-mined lands, whereas overall species richness was greater on reclaimed lands. My results demonstrated a lower mean/point bird density and higher mean/point bird diversity than were found 25 years earlier. Different nesting guilds occurred on the reclaimed lands than occurred on the non-mined lands. Results suggested different species were attracted to the several successional stages of reclaimed lands over the nonmined lands, which consisted of climax vegetation. The different successional stages of reclaimed lands increased overall diversity and richness of the landscape as a whole. Five bird species of conservation concern were observed in the study, all of which occurred on reclaimed land. Four of the five species primarily occurred on reclaimed lands. Future land management should include conserving different successional-stage lands to increase overall biotic diversity and richness of mined land, preserving reclaimed habitat for species of concern, and educating future private landowners on the importance of maintaining vegetative and bird species diversity.

The thesis explores the existing urban landscape of Jeppestown, specifically with regard to the consequences of the hijacking of inner-city buildings for residential purposes. The aim is to reclaim public space from the post-industrial landscape and reconfigure the existing fabric, by means of a fragile intervention so as to connect the social realm with the built fabric. The project accepts the hijacked typology of urban living as part of the context. It is viewed as an existing and ongoing condition, which far exceeds the current capacity of state-funded housing. From this stance, the project aims to provide public services that celebrate the rituals of washing in a meaningful and accessible way. The project endeavours to utilise theories related to African space to address local contemporary urban issues contextually. It uses the rituals of the everyday as a muse for creating eventful public space, an amenity which is becoming increasingly important with the growing densities of South Africa’s cities. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

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The diploma thesis is focused on the claim from the incorrect fulfilment of the tour contract, which represents a part of the legal regulations of a tour. Considering significant development of travelling, this topic is very actual and issues that arise during implementing the legislation in practice need to be answered. The goal of my thesis is answer questions which are actual and often appearing in practice, but it does not exist clear legal opinion or sufficient resources to answer to these questions. The main resources for the writing of my thesis was the current text of the Civil Code, the Tourism Act, the Consumer Protection Act and Directive 90/314 / EEC, which were compared with the new Directive 2015/2302 and the proposed regulations of the Civil Code. The diploma thesis consists of six chapters, including the introduction and the conclusion. The basic direction of the thesis is presented in the introduction same as questions. The main goal is answer to these questions. The content of the second chapter is the definition of the tour contract through several legal regulations, the definition of contracting parties and the related representation of their rights and obligations. The most fundamental part of this chapter for the diploma thesis is the presentation of the position of the...

This study examines what is significant for high quality of jeans, and what processes and factors affects the intrinsic quality of the jeans. Based on this, compilations of reclaim statistics was made and interviews and quality testing was conducted to see if high quality requirements is key to both produce jeans of good quality and to reduce the number of complaints.Quality management is an important part of the day-to-day business of a company and should permeate the entire organization and all processes. In order to create jeans withhigh quality, quality testing is an important part of a quality management. Quality tests are made to ensure that the products meet the demands and expectations on its properties. Quality tests also play an important role in the compilation and analysis of customer reclaims. Despite the quality and quality tests, there is a risk that dissatisfiedcustomers reclaim products they are not happy with. To relate customer claims against the quality of tests is a good way to evaluate what the problem is, or if it even is a problem.The study showed that high quality could be the solution to ensure the production of jeans with high quality. However, the problem is complex and therefore, the solution to reduce claims and high quality products to be something else or part of the solution. That goes for any company to be familiar with the underlying quality dimensions and based on that analyze where the critical points are found in their product development and manufacturing process.For the company of this study, the authors consider that the solution does not lie in raising quality requirements, but rather that the sewing should be improved and more quality control over garment measurement lists should be made. Quality tests cannot prove a lack of quality material and thus the authors consider that much of the claims are due to good will. / Program: Textilingenjörsutbildningen

Water resources are increasingly precious, so wastewater reclaiming has become an important source of water nowadays. There are many types of industry including conventional and hi-tech ones in the selected industrial processing zone, where different process wastewaters are treated by a centralized wastewater treatment plant. The effluent is then discharged into the ocean (EDO). On the other hand, among several other industries backside grinding (BG) wastewater generated by the IC (integrated-circuit) packaging and testing industry is treated by their owned wastewater treatment plants and then discharged onto land (EDL). Normally, BG wastewater is huge in quantity and it contains microscale and nanoscale particles. The objectives of this research were two-fold: (1) to evaluate the feasibility of using two tubular ceramic membranes (microfiltration and ultrafiltration) coupled with the electrocoagulation/electrofiltration (EC/EF) process to effectively treat the effluent discharged into the ocean, effluent discharged onto land, and BG wastewater for the purpose of reclamation; and (2) to investigate the best time for backwashing of membranes through the analysis of components of membrane fouling using resistances in series model. The experimental results showed that the ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (i.e., tubular TiO2/Al2O3 composite membrane) outperformed the mictrofiltration (MF) membrane (i.e., tubular Al2O3 membrane) in terms of permeate quality. But, generally, the later yielded a greater membrane flux. In the case of BG wastewater by UF and EC/EF, the quality of permeate met the tap water standards in terms of water quality items analyzed. As for EDO and EDL further treated by UF and EC/EF, all the analyzed water quality items of permeate, except pH and total dissolved solids, met the tap water standards in Taiwan. Thus, more efforts have to be made to reclaim these two types of effluent. Finally, the components of membrane fouling were analyzed using resistances in series model for the tested water specimens. The results showed that generally the irreversible resistance component (Rirr) had a greater contribution to a better quality of permeate than that of the reversible resistance component (Rr). It was also found that the magnitude of Rirr of BG wastewater was greater than Rirr values of the other two effluents. This might explain why the quality of permeate of the former was better than the latter. The results further indicated that Rr increased more than Rirr as the operating time elapsed, resulting in a limited improvement of permeate quality even a longer treatment time was employed. To recover the membrane flux to its optimum, in this study the best time for backwashing of membrane was determined based on the time at which Rr was greater than Rirr. However, the flux recovery was found to be in the range of 60-77% as compared with the initial flux for a virgin membrane in treating new batch of water specimens. The fraction unable to recover by backwashing might be contributed by Rirr in the membrane pores. A further acid washing would resolve this problem.

Bakgrund: När det kommer till servicesammanhang, där det sker en hög grad av mänsklig interaktion, är det oundvikligt att fel begås eller att kunden blir missnöjd, vilket kan resultera i att kunden framför klagomål. Tidigare studier belyser att det är viktigt att kundklagomål tas väl hand om, för att inte riskera ett dåligt rykte eller att kunder går förlorade. Forskning beträffande kundklagomål och klagomålshantering utifrån ett företagsperspektiv, anses vara begränsad. Vidare inom ramen ur ett företagsperspektiv som berör medarbetare inom området, handlar studier främst om medarbetares anpassning, beteende och hantering vid olika situationer. En avsaknad finns inom forskningen kring hur medarbetarteam hanterar kundklagomål.  Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie är att belysa klagomålshantering utifrån medarbetarteams perspektiv.  Metod: Studien bygger på en abduktiv ansats, och genom en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi har fokusgruppsintervjuer genomförts, med tre medarbetarteam inom svensk sporthandel. Den insamlade empirin analyseras utifrån återkommande aspekter av klagomålshantering, funna i tidigare forskning.  Slutsatser: Studien finner att medarbetarteam ser kundklagomål som vanligt förekommande, i synnerhet reklamationer, och att det är något som skall lösas för kunden. Trots förekomsten av kundklagomål bekräftades en avsaknad kring utbildning, riktlinjer och policys. Studien styrker att medarbetarteam främst efterlängtade riktlinjer och policys, då de i hög grad får stå på egna ben för att hantera kundklagomål. Även utbildning var något de önskade, trots att de indikerat till att utbildning inom området hade kunnat vara svårt att genomföra, med tanke på att kunder och situationer är unika. Studien finner avslutningsvis, att intern återhämtning är viktig efter hantering av kundklagomål, då medarbetarteam bekräftade att de är i behov av att tillsammans ventilera och reflektera, efter att ha handskats med kundklagomål. / Background: When it comes to service contexts, where there is a high degree of human interaction, it's inevitable that mistakes are made or that the customer becomes dissatisfied. The consequence may be that the customer submits a complaint. Previous studies highlight the importance of taking good care of customer complaints, in order not to risk a bad reputation or that the company loses customers. Research regarding customer complaints and handling complaints is limited from a company perspective. Furthermore, within the framework of a company perspective that affects employees in the area, studies are mainly about employee’s adaptation, behaviour and handling of customer complaints in different situations. There is a lack of research on how employee teams handle customer complaints.  Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to light up handling complaints from the perspecitve of employee teams. Method: This study is based on an abductive approach, and through a qualitative research strategy, focus groups interviews have been conducted with three employee teams, in Swedish sports trade. The collected empirical evidence has been analysed, based on recurring aspects of handling complaints, found in previous research.  Conclusion: This study finds that employee teams see customer complaints as common, especially reclaims, and that is something that must be resolved for the customer. Despite the presence of customer complaints, a lack of education, guidelines and policies is confirmed. The study proves that the employee teams want guidelines and policies, due the fact that they stand on their own feet to handle customer complaints. Education was also something they wanted, even though they indicated that education in the area could have been difficult to implement, given the fact that customers and situations are unique. The study finally finds the importance of internal recovery, after handling customer complaints, as the employee teams confirmed that they need briefing and reflecting together, after dealing with customer complaints.

<p>Syftet med studien var att med kvalitativ metod försöka förstå hur individer medAspergers syndrom förhåller sig till sin diagnos och sin funktionsnedsättning i sinblogg. I en ambition att nå ett inifrånperspektiv kom bloggtexter att analyserasenligt en tolkande fenomenologisk ansats (IPA). Stor vikt har lagts vid att förhållasig till etiska riktlinjer för Internetforskning och att behålla bloggskribenternaskonfidentialitet. Det senare medförde till exempel att citat från bloggtexterna inteförekommer i arbetet. I bloggtexterna har dels tre mer genomgående temanutkristalliserats. Dessa är diagnosen Aspergers syndrom, kompenserandet förfunktionsnedsättningen och bloggandet i sig. Dels har tre mer komplexa ochövergripande teman identifierats som dessutom kan utgöra tre olika blickar tillvilka bloggskribenterna förhåller sig. Samhällets blick ger individen möjlighet attkomma ut som Asperger, kollektivets blick ger individen möjlighet att reclaimaAspergern och individens blick hanterar individens konst att vara normal.</p>

Syftet med studien var att med kvalitativ metod försöka förstå hur individer medAspergers syndrom förhåller sig till sin diagnos och sin funktionsnedsättning i sinblogg. I en ambition att nå ett inifrånperspektiv kom bloggtexter att analyserasenligt en tolkande fenomenologisk ansats (IPA). Stor vikt har lagts vid att förhållasig till etiska riktlinjer för Internetforskning och att behålla bloggskribenternaskonfidentialitet. Det senare medförde till exempel att citat från bloggtexterna inteförekommer i arbetet. I bloggtexterna har dels tre mer genomgående temanutkristalliserats. Dessa är diagnosen Aspergers syndrom, kompenserandet förfunktionsnedsättningen och bloggandet i sig. Dels har tre mer komplexa ochövergripande teman identifierats som dessutom kan utgöra tre olika blickar tillvilka bloggskribenterna förhåller sig. Samhällets blick ger individen möjlighet attkomma ut som Asperger, kollektivets blick ger individen möjlighet att reclaimaAspergern och individens blick hanterar individens konst att vara normal.

A presente dissertação tem como mote o estudo do caso do Jockey Club do Rio Grande do Sul como intersecção entre patrimônio moderno a ser preservado e grande área urbana ser recuperada. Este estiado oferece subsídios para o entendimento do problema que envolve a preservação das instalações do Hipódromo do Cristal, obra prima da arquitetura moderna em solo porto alegrense, de autoria do arquiteto uruguaio Román. Fresnedo Siri, e da área que abriga o conjunto, parte vital do sistema de espaços abertos verdes da orla do lago Guaíba. A deteriáração do Jockey Club do Rio Grande do Sul tanto em suas estruturas físicas quanto financeiras favorece a simples dissolução do patrimônio construído e do bolsão de espaço verde no interior da cidade. São apresentados de forma concisa alguns conceitos básicos para o entendimento do.equipamento hipódromo como feito urbano e cultural da humanidade. A seguir são indicadas as razões para a decadência do conjunto de Porto Alegre, analisadas as legislações incidentes e as propostas elaboradas para a área, as perspectivas de transformação do espaço e casos semelhantes em outras entidades da mesma natureza no Brasil e no mundo, tendo por objetivo embasar futuras iniciativas promovam uma revitalização da região. / This work has as the theme the case study of Jockey Club in Rio. Grande do Sul, as an intersection between modern heritage to be preserved and a major urban area to be reclaimed. It provides insights to understand the problem that involves preservation Hipódromo do Cristal facilities, a masterpiece of modern architecture in Porto Alegre city, authored by the Uruguayan architect Roman Fresnedo Siri, and the area that shelters the hippic set, a vital part of green open spaces system that borders Guaiba lake. Deterioration of Jockey Club do Rio Grande do Sul, both in its physical and financial struçtures, promotes the simple dissolution of built heritage and green hollow space inside the city. Some basic concepts are presented concisely, for the understanding of how racecourse equipment as urban and cultural feat of mankind. Then are listed reasons for the decline of Porto Alegre set, are studied incident laws and the proposals developed to area, the perspectives of space transformation and similar cases in other entities in Brazil and abroad, with the goal of base future initiatives that promote the region revitalization.