The effect of annealing on the tribological and corrosion properties of Al–12Si samples produced by selective laser melting (SLM) is evaluated via sliding and fretting wear tests and weight loss experiments and compared to the corresponding material processed by conventional casting. Sliding wear shows that the as-prepared SLM material has the least wear rate compared to the cast and heat-treated SLM samples with abrasive wear as the major wear mechanism along with oxidation. Similar trend has also been observed for the fretting wear experiments, where the as-prepared SLM sample displays the minimum wear loss. On the other hand, the acidic corrosion behavior of the as-prepared SLM material as well as of the cast samples is similar and the corrosion rate is accelerated by increasing the heat treatment temperature. This behavior is due to the microstructural changes induced by the heat treatment, where the continuous network of Si characterizing the as-prepared SLM sample transforms to isolated Si particles in the heat-treated SLM specimens. This shows that both the wear and corrosion behaviors are strongly associated with the change in microstructure of the SLM samples due to the heat-treatment process, where the size of the hard Si particles increases, and their density decreases with increasing annealing temperature.