nÃo hà / A prisÃo como uma instituiÃÃo busca a reintegraÃÃo social e a prevenÃÃo da reincidÃncia, por meio de polÃticas sociais que procuram prevenir a exclusÃo social e a vulnerabilidade vivenciada pelos detentos. A personalidade, o histÃrico criminal, o suporte social para o crime e as cogniÃÃes antissociais, entre outras, desempenham papel central na conduta criminal. A reincidÃncia, por sua vez, à compreendida como indicador do sucesso/insucesso da reintegraÃÃo, porquanto se espera que o egresso do sistema prisional seja reintegrado à sociedade, e nÃo volte a cometer novos crimes. Assim, a presente pesquisa objetiva avaliar o risco de reincidÃncia criminal em internos do sistema penitenciÃrio, especificamente traÃar e comparar o perfil dos indivÃduos reincidentes e nÃo reincidentes, elaborar um Ãndice de avaliaÃÃo do risco de reincidÃncia, bem como comparar o risco de reincidÃncia entre homens e mulheres. Para tanto, serÃo utilizados os dados do Censo PenitenciÃrio do CearÃ, que contou com 12.040 participantes de estabelecimentos prisionais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de dois instrumentos, um bÃsico e outro ampliado. O questionÃrio bÃsico objetivou levantar o perfil biossociodemogrÃfico da populaÃÃo penitenciÃria, enquanto o instrumento ampliado incluiu variÃveis psicolÃgicas, sendo esse respondido por uma amostra representativa da populaÃÃo. A partir desses dados foram realizadas anÃlises de estatÃstica descritiva, teste de comparaÃÃo de mÃdias, alÃm da criaÃÃo de um Ãndice de avaliaÃÃo do risco de reincidÃncia. Os resultados delinearam o perfil dos indivÃduos que apresentavam histÃrico de reincidÃncia penitenciÃria e permitiram a comparaÃÃo com aqueles que nÃo apresentavam reincidÃncia penitenciÃria. A avaliaÃÃo do risco de reincidÃncia proporcionou a classificaÃÃo dos participantes em funÃÃo do risco, e posterior comparaÃÃo entre os nÃveis. Desse modo, espera-se influenciar uma sÃrie de polÃticas voltadas para a populaÃÃo penitenciÃria, alÃm de movimentar a comunidade cientÃfica, principalmente a brasileira, para a investigaÃÃo e intervenÃÃo no tocante a reincidÃncia criminal. / Prison as an institution aims social reintegration and the prevention of recidivism through social politics that search the prevention of social exclusion and the state of vulnerability. The personality, the criminal history, the social support for the crime and antisocial cognitions, among others, are central to the development of criminal conduct. Recidivism is seen as an indicator of success or failure of reintegration, therefore it is expected that the individual who left the prison gets reintegrated to society, not going back to commit another felony. Towards, this research aims to evaluate the risk of recidivism in inmates, specifically attempting to build and compare the recidivists and non-recidivistsâsprofile; to elaborate an index of evaluation of the risk of recidivism as well as to compare the risk of recidivism among men and women. To reach these purposes, data of the penitentiary census of Cearà is being used, counting with 12.040 participants in prison institutions. The data was collected by two instruments, a basic one and an extended one. The basic questionnaire aimed to make a survey of the biological, social and demographical profile of the inmates, whilst the extended aimed to trace the psychological and social profile of the incarcerated individual, as it was answered by a representative sample of the population. With this data analyses of descriptive statistics were done, also a test of average comparisons, as well as the development of an index of evaluation of the risk of recidivism. The results outlined the profile of individuals with a history of reentry and allowed comparison with those who did not present reentry. The recidivism risk assessment allowed the classification of the participants according to the risk, and subsequent comparison between the levels. Thus, it is hoped to influence a series of policies focused at the penitentiary population, besides moving the scientific community, mainly the Brazilian scientific community, to the investigation and intervention in the recidivism.

The persistently high rate of repeat incarcerations poses a threat to the safety of lives and properties. The problem that led to this study was the prevailing high rate of repeat incarcerations in Nigeria, despite interventions to reduce their occurrences. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prisoner reentry programs in reducing reincarcerations of ex-prisoners. The focus of the research questions was on whether treatment and the type (faith- or non-faith-based) made a difference in a prisoner's reincarceration status after release. The theoretical foundation was based on the transtheoretical model of change. Reincarceration outcomes were analyzed for 818 prisoners who were released between January 2010 and December 2013 from 3 prisons located in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from the prison records on the reincarceration status of the subjects based on an at-risk period of 36 months after release. A propensity score matching procedure was used to select an equal number (n = 409) of treated subjects (those who participated in a prisoner reentry program) and untreated subjects (nonparticipants in the program). Findings from a Cox-regression analysis revealed that participating in any of the programs (faith- or non-faith-based) reduced reincarceration at a statistically significant level; however, there was no difference in reincarceration status based on the type of treatment received. Findings provide evidence that prisoner reentry programs can reduce reincarceration. With this knowledge, the reentry program providers may advocate more government supports for reentry activities. They may collaborate with the policymakers and legislators to develop strategies that will enhance the reintegration of ex-prisoners into communities and thereby prevent their return to crimes but ensure they are productive for themselves, their families and the community.